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Topic: Leonid Ilych Brezhnev

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	CNN Cold War - Profile: Leonid Brezhnev
		Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev, leader of one of the two most powerful nations in the world, was born to Russian parents in the Ukrainian mining town of Kamensk in 1906.
		After Stalin's death, Brezhnev correctly tied his fortunes to Nikita Khrushchev, helping the new Soviet premier pursue his "Virgin Lands" agricultural campaign in Kazakstan (where Brezhnev was serving as first secretary of the Communist Party), and in supporting Khrushchev during an aborted attempt to remove him from power.
		Brezhnev himself was one of the primary beneficiaries of Khrushchev's ouster.
	www.cnn.com /SPECIALS/cold.war/kbank/profiles/brezhnev (577 words)

	Encyclopedia: Leonid Brezhnev
		The Brezhnev Doctrine was a Soviet policy doctrine, introduced by Leonid Brezhnev in a speech at the Fifth Congress of the Polish United Workers Party on November 13, 1968, which stated: When forces that are hostile to socialism try to turn the development of some socialist country towards capitalism, it...
		The high point of the Brezhnev "detente" era was the signing of the Helsinki Final Act in 1975, which recognised the postwar frontiers in eastern and central Europe and in effect legitimised Soviet hegemony over the region.
		In Brezhnev's defence it may be said that the Soviet Union reached unprecedented and never-repeated levels of power, prestige and internal calm under his rule, and that, unlike his predecessor Khrushchev, he was a skillful negotiator on the diplomatic stage.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Leonid-Brezhnev (6371 words)

	brezhnev (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Leonid Ilych Brezhnev (Леонид Ильич Брежнев, December 19, 1906 - November 10, 1982) was a Soviet politician and First/General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, who was born in Kamenskoye (now Dneprodzerzhinsk) in the Ukraine.
		As both head of the Communist Party since 1964 and Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet from 1977 until his death in 1982, Leonid Brezhnev ruled the Soviet Union longer than any previous leader except Stalin.
		Others note the economic inefficiency that became notorious under Brezhnev, the repression of those who disagreed with the Soviet regime and the environmental vandalism that occurred throughout the country.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /Brezhnev.html (324 words)

	Jahu.net Direktorij - Regional > Europe > Russia > Society and Culture > History > Soviet Union > ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Leonid Brezhnev - Biography of the late Soviet leader whose term in office was marked by the invasions of Czechoslovakia and Afghanistan.
		Leonid Ilich Brezhnev - A brief biography of the late General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
		Leonid Ilych Brezhnev - Chronology of the highlights of the life, career, and rule of one of the Soviet Union's leaders.
	www.jahu.net /Slovenija/index.php?c=/Regional/Europe/Russia/Society_and_Culture/History/Soviet_Union/Personalities/Brezhnev,_Leonid (176 words)

	Brezhnev Doctrine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Brezhnev Doctrine was a Soviet policy doctrine, introduced by Leonid Brezhnev in a speech at the Fifth Congress of the Polish United Workers' Party on November 13, 1968, which stated:
		The doctrine was used to justify the invasions of Czechoslovakia that terminated the Prague Spring in 1968 and of the non-Warsaw Pact nation of Afghanistan in 1979.
		The Brezhnev Doctrine was superseded by the facetiously named Sinatra Doctrine in 1988.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Brezhnev_Doctrine (189 words)

	[No title]
		LEONID ILYCH BREZHNEV 1906, December 19: Born in Kamenskoye (later renamed Dneprodzerzhinsk), Ukraine.
		Brezhnev postponed the Plenum and, with only a few of his closest advisers, went to Belorussia to consult with Minister of Defense A.A. Grechko [who was leading military maneuvers] as well as other marshals and generals.
		Brezhnev never attempted to become a dictator, enjoying the prestige and opportunities of leadership more than the power of decision-making.
	www.bdg.by /projects/whoiswho/222.1.htm (1702 words)

	Leonid Kuchma Early Life January 23 engineering Soviet card Ukrainian parliament IMF Viktor Yanukovych motion of no ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Leonid Danylovych Kuchma (in Ukrainian: Леонід Данилович Кучма) (born August 9, 1938) was the second President of Ukraine from July 19, 1994, to January 23, 2005.
		Kuchma was born in Chaikyne village of the Chernihivs'ka oblast' (Ukrainian SSR).
		Leonid Kuchma, President of Ukraine Large screens with projections of each speaker flank the center dais and podium...
	en.powerwissen.com /ridgw3vWJPxyRIjq3Pgwfw%3D%3D_Leonid_Kuchma.html (728 words)

	Leonid Ilich Brezhnev (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		He was elevated to the highest political body in the USSR (the Presidium, later called the Politburo) once Khrushchev's political opponents had been defeated (1957).
		Brezhnev first ruled the country in tandem with Prime Minister Aleksei KOSYGIN and later as the first among the "collective leadership" of the party.
		For this reason, the Brezhnev era was later dubbed the "period of stagnation." Brezhnev suppressed (1968) reform Communism in Czechoslovakia and formulated the Brezhnev Doctrine, which asserted the USSR's right to intervene against "anti-socialist degeneration" within the Soviet bloc.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Acropolis/7477/brezhnev.htm (325 words)

	Leonid Brezhnev
		In 1988, the new Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev officially abandoned the doctrine and replaced it with the Sinatra Doctrine in which each nation was allowed to develop in their own way.
		Leonid Brezhnev, Bulgarian First Secretary Todor Jivkov, and Prime Minister J. Cyrankiewicz at reception given by the Polish president, Warsaw.Credit: Library of Congress.
		Aleksey Kosygin became Chairman of the Council of Ministers, and Leonid Brezhnev was made First Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee in 1964, but in 1971, Brezhnev rose to become "first among equals" in a collective leadership.
	www.websters-online-dictionary.org /Le/Leonid_Brezhnev.html (676 words)

	RIP, Leonid Ilych
		Brezhnev's 18-year rule had not yet been called the "stagnation", although the need for changes was felt almost by everyone in Russia.
		Old jokes "about Brezhnev", that were not too mean, but stressed the senile, sickly, "stagnant" style of the leadership in the 1970s-early 1980s, experienced a stormy renaissance.
		It was under Brezhnev that the KPSS (Communist Party of the Soviet Union) finally turned down the idea to construct Communism by mobilization means and took up a course to modernize "the developed socialism." In the social aspect, it called for raising the population's living standards.
	mailman.lbo-talk.org /2002/2002-November/026416.html (925 words)

	Soviet-Empire.com - Brezhnev, Leonid Ilych
		"Until Brezhnev transformed it into a major battle 30 years later, it was a minor episode of the war."(ZM.217).
		During heated arguments, Brezhnev, suffering a verbal attack from Kaganovich, faints.
		1961 Apr: Following Gagarin's space flight, Brezhnev is made Hero of Socialist Labor for his contribution to the development of rocketry and for ensuring the success of the space flight.
	www.soviet-empire.com /ussr/ussr_leaders/brezhnev.php (2011 words)

	library
		Leonid Ilych [Brezhnev] has asked us to commence our Politburo session today at this unseasonable hour, and he will then join us tomorrow, in order to discuss the circumstances that have emerged in the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan.
		There will no longer be any question of a meeting of Leonid Ilych with Carter, and the visit of [French President] Giscard d'Estang at the end of March will be placed in question.
		Yesterday, as I already said, we were unanimous as to the rendering of military aid, but we carefully discussed the matter, considered various options, searched for different ways, other than the deployment of troops.
	www.wilsoncenter.org /index.cfm?topic_id=1409&fuseaction=library.document&id=593 (7714 words)

	Lycos Search Results: web results for "brezhnev,+leonid" 1 thru 10 of 2,540
		Transcript of the Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev's enunciation of the doctrine that no Soviet satellite state would be allowed to separate from the...
		Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev, leader of one of the two most powerful nations in the world, was born to Russian parents in the Ukrainian mining town of
		Brezhnev, Leonid Ilyichlayoned´ Ilyech´ brezh´nef, 1906-82, Soviet leader.
	search.lycos.com /?lpv=1&loc=searchhp&query=%22brezhnev,%2bleonid%22 (233 words)

	CDI Russia Weekly 10 September 1999
		Earlier this year, Brezhnev signed up to run in last week's Sverdlovsk gubernatorial elections, but the local electoral commission refused him registration ahead of the election, ruling that a number of the roughly 30,000 signatures he needed to collect had been falsified.
		Though Brezhnev was wearing a denim shirt and jeans, Andrei Yurievich's resemblance to Leonid Ilych is uncanny.
		Brezhnev entirely disagrees that his grandfather's rule marked an era of stagnation, as it is commonly called in Russia.
	www.cdi.org /russia/sep1099.html (7123 words)

	Leonid Khachiyan linear programming American Mathematical Society mathematician Cornell University USSR Academy of ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Leonid Khachiyan (May 3, 1952 - April 29, 2005) was a Russian-born mathematician who taught Computer Science at Rutgers University.
		He was most famous for his Ellipsoid algorithm for linear programming, which was the first such algorithm known to have a polynomial running time.
		Lost of two Linear Programming Giants Leonid Khachiyan, a professor of computer science at Rutgers University, died suddenly on April 29, days short of...
	en.powerwissen.com /d9J9wYiWBDnEsdA%2B5UOVPQ%3D%3D_Leonid_Khachiyan.html (366 words)

	Markov, G.M. - SovLit.com - Encyclopedia of Soviet Authors
		He enjoyed an unusually warm relationship with Leonid Brezhnev.
		On 25 February 1976, at the 25th Party Congress, he began his remarks thusly: "The deep, wise report of Comrade Leonid Ilych Brezhnev, suffused with a Leninist analysis of the contemporary world, contains a gigantic, immeasurable energy of inspiration.
		In April 1979 he personally gave Leonid Brezhnev the Lenin Prize for Literature for Brezhnev's books Malaya Zemlya, Rebirth, and Virgin Land, saying that these works "had an enormous influence on all types and genres of literature".
	www.sovlit.com /bios/markov.html (568 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		There will no longer be any question of a meeting of Leonid Ilych [Brezhnev] with [U.S. President Jimmy] Carter, and the visit of [French President Valery] Giscard d\rquote Estaing at the end of March will be placed in q uestion.
		Buoyed by reports that troops loyal to him were regaining control in Herat, Taraki listened as Kosygin explained the Politburo\rquote s decision\emdash vowing eternal Soviet- A fghan friendship and enhanced Soviet diplomatic, economic, and military aid, but urging the Afghans to be self-reliant when it came to actual fighting (using an eerily ironic example).
		There will no longer be any question of a meeting of Leonid Ilych with}{\fs20 }{\fs20 Carter, and the visit of [French President] Giscard d\rquote Estang at the end of March will be placed in question.
	lamar.colostate.edu /~aksmith/HY442/Afghanistan-Documents.rtf (18225 words)

	Document Six: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Brezhnev, Kosygin, Andropov, Gromyko, Suslov, Ustinov, Ponomarev, Smirtyukov.
		In October and November of last year, Comrade L. Brezhnev put forward a comprehensive program to advance the cause of military detente in Europe, called for immediate negotiations, and the Soviet Union also undertook unilateral steps, with which you are familiar, aimed at the lessening of military confrontation in Europe.
		Brezhnev, in his recent interview with the newspaper Pravda, stated that “the present position of the NATO countries renders negotiations on this question impossible.” At the same time, Comrade Brezhnev emphasized that “we are for negotiations, but honest and co-equal ones which conform to the principal of parity in security.”
	lamar.colostate.edu /~aksmith/HY442/Afghanistan-Documents.htm (11442 words)

	Eastern European Leaders' discussion during the Crimean meeting, 30 - 31 July 1973 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		He underlined the favorable reflection of the political discussions of Comrade Brezhnev in Bonn for the development of the relations between the GDR and the FRG.
		Comrade Gromyko assessed the visit of Leonid Ilych in the USA and the whole work, preceding the visit, as a rather bitter political struggle, a real political battle.
		In his talks with Nixon, Leonid Ilych adopted such an approach: he was analyzing our proposals on the issues and at the same time - analyzing the American proposals.
	www.isn.ch /php/documents/collection_16/docs/4-engl.htm (2673 words)

	Lycos Search : Brezhnev,Leonid
		Brezhnev: No speech ever caused destruction; only weapons have.
		In March 1974, two years after the signing of the SALT 1 treaty, negotiations continued to reduce...
		Nikita Khrushchev and Mikhail Gorbachev and Leonid Brezhnev History and Detente...
	search.lycos.co.uk /cgi-bin/pursuit?query=Brezhnev,Leonid&cat=loc&... (193 words)

	Brezhnev, Leonid Society, Directory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Leonid Brezhnev Biography of the late Soviet leader whose term in office was marked by the invasions of Czechoslovakia and Afghanistan.
		Links to a timeline of his life and career and an illustrated biography.
		Modern History Sourcebook: The Brezhnev Doctrine, 1968 Transcript of the Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev's enunciation of the doctrine that no Soviet satellite state would be allowed to separate from the East Bloc.
	www.lovetolive.org /c3Rsb18zMjcyMjg=.aspx (128 words)

	LEONID 'HONEST DICTACTOR' BREZHNEV - BOOK SIGNED CIRCA 1978
		Malaya Zemlya, Soviet Chairman Brezhnev's memoirs concerning the battle around Malaya Zemlya, Novorossisk.
		About this book, future Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev said in "Stavropolskaya Pravda", May 6, 1978: "Not long ago we opened the pages of Comrad L.I. Brezhnev's remarkable book Malaya Zemlya, in which the legendary heroes of the battles of the North Caucasus are portrayed in letters of gold.
		A short time has elasped since its publication, but the memoirs have provoked wide, truely national interest...In number of pages, the book Malaya Zemlya is not very large, but in the depth of its ideological content, in the breadth of the author's generalizations and opinions it has become a great event in public life.
	www.galleryofhistory.com /archive/3_2002/leaders/LEONID_'HONEST_DICTACTOR'_BREZHNEV.htm (269 words)

	Royalty and Heads of State - LIVE AND INTERNET AUCTION PART I (6/25/02)
		LEONID BREZHNEV (1906 - 1982) Soviet leader who engineered the ouster of Khrushchev, chairman of the Presidium, and established the Brezhnev Doctrine entitling the Soviet Union to interfere in affairs of Warsaw Pact countries.
		Rare oversize signed book Leonid Ilych Brezhnev, Moscow, 1976, a lavish photo-biography of Brezhnev, bearing a pasted in presentation bookplate signed by Brezhnev and dated 1977.
		Also includes several cards from Leonid Brezhnev bearing his rubber stamp signature.
	www.alexautographs.com /l-roya.htm (3922 words)

	Learn more about Leonid Brezhnev in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Learn more about Leonid Brezhnev in the online encyclopedia.
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	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /l/le/leonid_brezhnev.html (370 words)

	L. I. Brezhnev's Report at the Crimean meeting, 30 July 1973 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Brezhnev's Report at the Crimean meeting, 30 July 1973
		Of Comrade LEONID ILYCH BREZHNEV at the meeting of the leaders of the socialist countries' communist and working parties in Crimea
		Allow me once again to welcome you cordially and to express my pleasure that we are together again.
	www.isn.ethz.ch /php/documents/collection_16/docs/1-engl.htm (5099 words)

	Brezhnev, Leonid Personalities Soviet Union Russia Europe By Region History Society
		Brezhnev, Leonid Personalities Soviet Union Russia Europe By Region History Society
		- Transcript of the Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev's enunciation of the doctrine that no Soviet satellite state would be allowed to separate from the East Bloc.
		Society- History- By Region- Europe- Russia- Soviet Union- Personalities- Brezhnev, Leonid
	www.iaswww.com /ODP/Society/History/By_Region/Europe/Russia/Soviet_Union/Personalities/Brezhnev,_Leonid (170 words)

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