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Topic: Leopard Seal

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	Leopard Seal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Leopard Seal (Hydrurga leptonyx) is one of the "true seals" belonging to the family Phocidae.
		Leopard Seals are the second largest species of seal in the Antarctic (after Southern Elephant Seals), and are near the top of the Antarctic food chain.
		A leopard seal at Taronga Zoo in Sydney.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Leopard_Seal (587 words)

	SCS: Leopard Seal (Hydrurga leptonyx)
		All killing of seals in the Antarctic region is regulated by the Antarctic Treaty and the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals (CCAS).
		The leopard seal often hauls out on islands near the continent when the ice contracts, and immature seals are known to gather on subantarctic islands as they migrate north during late autumn and winter when the ice expands.
		Leopard seals are rather cumbersome on land and do their feeding in the water where their large fore-flippers, unusually long for a "true" seal, allow them great speed and manoeuvrability.
	www.pinnipeds.org /species/leopard.htm (794 words)

	Seal (mammal) - Search View - MSN Encarta
		The northern fur seal is classified as Callorhinus ursinus, the harbour seal as Phoca vitulina, the Caspian seal as Phoca caspica, and the Baikal seal as Phoca sibirica.
		The Mediterranean monk seal is classified as Monachus monachus, the Hawaiian monk seal as Monachus schauinslandi, the Caribbean monk seal as Monachus tropicalis, and the northern elephant seal as Mirounga angustirostris.
		The southern elephant seal is classified as Mirounga leonina, the leopard seal as Hydrurga leptonyx, the Weddell seal as Leptonychotes weddelli, the Ross seal as Ommatophoca rossi, and the crabeater seal as Lobodon carcinophagus.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /text_761564979__1/Seal_(mammal).html (1295 words)

	Earless seal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The true seals or earless seals are one of the three main groups of mammals within the seal suborder, Pinnipedia.
		It should be noted that the common seal (harbor seal in the U.S.), Phoca vitulina, does not separate foraging and maternal investment; instead, it displays a reproductive strategy similar to those of otariids, in which the mother makes short foraging trips between nursing bouts.
		This allows the mother seal to maximize the efficiency of her energy transfer to the pup and then quickly return to sea to replenish her reserves.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Earless_seal (780 words)

	Leopard Seal: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Leopard Seal Hydrurga leptonyx is a "true seal[For more facts and a topic of this subject, click this link]" belonging to the family[For more, click on this link] Phocidae[Follow this hyperlink for a summary of this subject].
		The bearded seal (erignathus barbatus) is a medium-sized seal that is found in and near to the arctic ocean....
		The antarctic fur seal (arctocephalus gazella) is one of seven seals in the genus arctocephalus....
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/l/le/leopard_seal.htm (790 words)

	Leopard Seal
		The leopard seal is so-called because of its spotted markings and leopard-like ferocity.
		Penguins have good cause to fear the leopard seal, which is a solitary and fierce predator, equipped with powerful jaws and long, inward curving, pointed teeth.
		Leopard seal pups are born during the Antarctic summer, between November and January.
	www.yptenc.org.uk /docs/factsheets/animal_facts/leopardseal.html (795 words)

	Species Composition: Leopard Seal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Leopard seals occur at the islands of South Georgia and Kerguelen almost year-round, but they are generally only seasonally present at Macquarie Island (June to December, peak in August; regular visitors in winter and spring) and the Falklands (spring and early summer).
		Seals (mainly crabeater seals but aIso southern elephant seals, antarctic fur seals, and probably Ross and Weddell seals in areas where they are sympatric), seabirds other than penguins, and fish round out the leopard seal's varied diet.
		Leopard seals have been known to snap at the legs of unwary researchers standing at the ice edge and to stalk others working on ice floes.
	polarmet.mps.ohio-state.edu /ASPIRE_99/seals/science/leopd.htm (1407 words)

	Marine Mammals in Antarctica
		During their first year of life most crabeater seals have an encounter with the carnivorous leopard seal, receiving sets of parallel distinct scars (from the sharp incisors of the leopard seal) on their sides.
		As adults, the crabeaters are usually not bothered by the leopard seals but the scars of their youth made their pelt unattractive to sealers.
		Elephant seals are well adapted to deep diving, having large eyes to see in the depths, the ability to carry large amounts of oxygen in their bodies and the ability to control their circulation.
	www.biosbcc.net /ocean/AAmammals.htm (2385 words)

	Killer Whale Predation on Sea Otters Linking Oceanic and Nearshore Ecosystems
		Leopard seals and Killer whales are thought to be two of the most common predators to the Antarctic fur seal (Riedman, 1990).
		Leopard seals definitely have an impact on the fur seal population at North Cove.
		Leopard seals are not as efficient on land as predators as they are in the water.
	kingfish.coastal.edu /marine/375/f2000bpbs.htm (1420 words)

	Factsheets: Leopard Seal
		The Leopard Seal, Hydrurga leptonyx is a member of the 'true seal' group, whose locomotion on land is best described as wriggling - a series of muscular body ripples with some assistance from the front flippers.
		Leopard Seals are a strictly Southern Hemisphere species with a circumpolar distribution.
		Leopard Seals are powerful swimmers easily able to match the speed underwater of a variety of other prey such as fish, squid and even other seals.
	www.amonline.net.au /factsheets/leopard_seal.htm (334 words)

	Seal at exZOOberance!
		Seal muscles also store oxygen, and the spleen, an organ that stores oxygen-rich blood, is exceptionally large in seals, serving as a kind of biological scuba tank.
		The leopard seal, an Antarctic species, may have the most diverse diet of all, commonly hunting penguins and other seabirds, smaller seals, as well as fish, squid, krill (small shrimplike crustaceans), and other invertebrates, as well as feeding on carcasses of dead whales.
		Leopard seals sometimes hunt humans, lunging onto ice floes to chase people who are on foot, and also threatening scuba divers underwater.
	www.exzooberance.com /virtual%20zoo/they%20swim/seal/seal.htm (2731 words)

	Leopard Seals - Wildlife of Antarctica - Antarctic Connection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Leopard seals catch penguins by their feet and then beat them back and forth on the surface of the water to skin them.
		As one might expect, Leopard seals have impressively long, sharp teeth which are well-adapted for cutting and tearing the flesh of prey.
		Leopard seals' main source of food is penguins and they can often be seen cruising in the vicinity of Adelie, Chinstrap, and Gentoo colonies.
	www.antarcticconnection.com /antarctic/wildlife/seals/leopard.shtml (477 words)

	TEA: Cowles- -- 2.18.2002
		There are six species of seals that appear in the waters around Antarctica: the leopard seal, the fur seal, the crabeater seal, the elephant seal, the Weddell seal, and the Ross seal.
		Female leopard seals are larger, weighing 450 kg and 4 meters in length.
		Leopard seals in the Palmer area have been known to bite the pointed ends of Zodiacs when the boats are tied up at the dock.
	tea.armadaproject.org /cowles/2.18.2002.html (894 words)

	World Almanac for Kids
		The various forms, known also as fur seals, hair seals, elephant seals, sea lions, and leopard seals, are widely distributed throughout the marine regions of the frigid and temperate zones; only the monk seals of the genus Monachus are tropical.
		Three families of seals exist: the Otariidae, or eared seals; the Odobenidae, consisting of the single species of walrus (for their description; and the Phocidae, or true seals.
		The harp seal, Pagophilus groenlandicus, is slightly larger, reaching a length of 1.8 m (6 ft).
	www.worldalmanacforkids.com /explore/animals/seal.html (987 words)

	DPIW - Leopard Seal
		Leopard seals are more slender than elephant seals, having a long streamlined body, constricted neck and a massive lizard-like head.
		Although both the elephant and leopard seal breed far to the south of Tasmania, individuals are seen in our waters and may come ashore to rest.
		Leopard seals breed on the Antarctic pack ice and range from the Antarctic coast to the sub-antarctic and sub-tropical seas.
	www.dpiw.tas.gov.au /inter.nsf/WebPages/BHAN-53K4LY?open (405 words)

	Leopard Seal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The leopard seal is one of the least species where the female is larger then the male.
		The leopard seal is one of the six species of seals found in Antarctica.
		The orca is the main predator of the leopard seal.
	www.benowass.eq.edu.au /6dweb/Danielle/report.htm (299 words)

	Leopard Seal
		The seal is silvery dark-grey coloured dorsally, somewhat lighter ventrally, and spotted (counter-shaded).
		The leopard seal is an opportunistic predator, which feeds on Adelie penguins, krill and seals, especially crabeater seals.
		Some seals are taken for research purposes and some for dog food, but otherwise there is no catch of leopard seals.
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/jaap/leopseal.htm (391 words)

	Mrs. Morton's 4th Grade Class
		The prey or the leopard seal is 4 kinds of penguins, crabeater seal and fish.
		Its predators are the leopard seal and skuas.
		The leopard seals main source of food is pengins and they can often be seen cruising in the vicinity of adelie Chinstrap and gentoo Cololnies.
	www.windham.k12.me.us /teachers/dmorton/arctic.htm (3820 words)

	Leopard seal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Leopard seals have a supple, agile body (3 to 3.6 m, 270 to 500 kg) with a large, yet fairly flat head equipped with powerful jaws.
		The pups resemble the adults and are born on the ice from September to January.
		Leopard seals are renowned hunters and feed on penguins and young seals.
	www.zeehondencreche.nl /english/seals/types/leopard.htm (136 words)

	Species Profiles — OBIS-SEAMAP (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Weddell seal fore flippers are short, relatively narrow, and owing to the short neck originate in the forward third of the body.
		Ross seals differ in having a proportionately larger and wider neck and head, very small muzzle, that taken with the neck and head size impart a blunt profile to the face, and stripes on the neck and sides.
		Seals living in fast ice areas, or facing freezing over of access holes and leads, abrade and grind the ice to maintain access to and from the water.
	seamap.env.duke.edu /species/tsn/180669 (1127 words)

	Hydrurga leptonyx, Leopard Seal at MarineBio.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Leopard seals, Hydrurga leptonyx (Blainville, 1820), are large members of the seal family reaching between 2.41-3.38 m in length and weighing between 200-591 kg.
		Leopard seals are wide ranging found in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, and in the polar and subpolar waters of the Southern Hemisphere along the coast of Antarctica and on many subantarctic islands.
		Leopard seals are awkward on land, however, their unusually large fore-flippers give them speed and agility in the water.
	www.marinebio.com /species.asp?id=160 (789 words)

	Underwater Field Guide to Ross Island & McMurdo Sound, Antarctica
		Leopard seals Hydrurga leptonyx are found in Antarctic pack ice (areas of concentration of drifting ice), along the Antarctic continent and the Antarctic Peninsula, South Shetland Islands, South Orkney Islands, South Sandwich Islands, South Georgia Island, Bouvet Island, Heard Island, and Macquarie Island.
		Leopard seals typically haul out on ice floes and breeding and pupping is assumed to occur on pack ice.
		Behind the leopard seal's long and sharply pointed incisor and canine teeth are interlocking cheek teeth or molars with three cusps, adapted for straining krill from the water.
	scilib.ucsd.edu /sio/nsf/fguide/chordata4.html (485 words)

	BBC - Science & Nature - Wildfacts - Leopard seal
		Leopard seals are named after their spotty coat, but they live up to their name and are fearsome hunters.
		Leopard seals are solitary, typically only gathering in groups during the breeding season.
		Leopard seals are not considered to be endangered.
	www.bbc.co.uk /nature/wildfacts/factfiles/168.shtml (219 words)

	Leopard seal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The leopard seal is named for its spotted coat pattern.
		Impressive hunters, hungry leopard seals may burst through a spot of soft ice near a baby penguin rookery, in an attempt to grasp a penguin walking above.
		Leopard seals are not considered threatened or endangered.
	seaworld.org /wild-world/zoo-research/antarctic-study-trip/leopard.htm (116 words)

	Comparative Kinematics and Hydrodynamics of Odontocete Cetaceans: Morphological and Ecological Correlates with Swimming ...
		The leopard seal is the top predator in the Antarctic marine ecosystem and they feed on many types of prey including krill, fish cephalopods, crustaceans, penguins and seals.
		Krill is an important food for the leopard seal, it is the basis of their diet (Begtson, 1982) In this study however, we are studying the hunting behavior of leopard seals on chinstrap and macaroni penguins as well as three Antarctic fur seal colonies.
		The behavior of the seal was determined as hunting or not hunting.
	kingfish.coastal.edu /marine/375/f2000lkkr.htm (1120 words)

	Leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Leopard seals are found around the pack ice edges of the Antarctic continent.
		Larger prey such as small seals and penguins are hunted by first hiding under the ice waiting for the penguin or small seal to enter the water.
		Leopard seals are solitary and few pups have ever been observed.
	nmml.afsc.noaa.gov /education/pinnipeds/leopard.htm (212 words)

	TEA: Hubbard- -- 4.15.2000
		While all of the seals in this area are larger than we are, the only one that is truly predatory is the Leopard Seal.
		If a Leopard Seal gets aggressive with divers underwater, the divers can put their collecting bags and other gear between themselves and the seal.
		Members of our science group have seen Leopard Seals underwater on two dives; tenders have spotted leopards in the area and pulled the divers out of the water on two other occasions.
	tea.armadaproject.org /hubbard/4.15.2000.html (655 words)

	Leopard Seal, Hydruga leptonyx
		Named for the spotting on its underside and the wide gape that displays a mouth full of sharp teeth, the Leopard Seal is one of the largest predators in Antarctica, smaller only than the killer whale.
		Leopard seals are built for speed, they have a large powerful head, a huge gape and a massive lower jaw.
		Once caught and killed, the penguin is shaken violently from side to side by the leopard seal until it is literally thrown out of its skin and feathers for the seal to then swallow.
	www.coolantarctica.com /gallery/seals/antarctica_seals19.htm (356 words)

	Leopard Seal Kills Scientist in Antarctica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Summary The death of a British marine biologist after she was attacked by a leopard seal in the Antarctic has focused attention on the little-known predator.
		Kirsty Brown was dragged underwater by the seal while snorkeling near Rothera research station on the Antarctic Peninsula.
		Leopard seal feeding behavior is most easily seen when preying on penguins.
	news.nationalgeographic.com /news/2003/08/0806_030806_sealkiller.html (735 words)

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