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Topic: Leopard shark

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	ipedia.com: Shark Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Shark eyes are similar to the eyes of other vertebrates, including similar lenses, corneas and retinas, though their eyesight is well adapted to their marine environment.
		Once the shark is in the general area of the prey, then the shark begins to use a combination of its smell coupled with the use of the lateral lines running along the side of the shark, used to sense electrical pulses sent out by wounded or dying fish.
		Sharks include everything from the hand-sized pygmy shark, a deep sea species, to the whale shark, the largest fish (although sharks are not closely related to bony fish) which is believed to grow to a maximum length of 18m (59 feet) and which, like the great whales, feeds only on plankton.
	www.ipedia.com /shark.html (2172 words)

	Leopard Shark
		Leopard sharks belong to the family, triakidae, which are hound sharks.
		The leopard shark is a very slim animal with a narrow head.
		Migrating is another adaptation for the sharks on the Pacific Coast.
	lsb.syr.edu /projects/cyberzoo/leopardshark.html (311 words)

	leopard (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Steady horizontal swimming in leopard sharks is characterized by continuous undulations of the body with a positive body tilt to the flow that decreases from a mean of 11° to 0.6° with increasing flow speeds from 0.5 to 2.0 ls-1.
		Leopard shark pectoral fins also are oriented at a substantial negative dihedral angle that amplifies roll moments and hence promotes rapid changes in body position.
		Thus, locomotion in leopard sharks is not analogous to flight in fixed-wing aircraft.
	www.uri.edu /artsci/bio/wilga/leopard.html (415 words)

	Florida Museum of Natural History Ichthyology Department: Leopard Shark (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Leopard sharks have a relatively narrow range, found in the Eastern Pacific Ocean from Oregon to the Gulf of California in Mexico.
		The leopard shark is a strong swimmer and it often forms large nomadic schools that sometimes include brown smooth-hounds (Mustelus henlei), gray smooth-hounds (Mustelus californicus), and spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias).
		Leopard sharks can reach lengths of up to 7 feet (2.13 meters), but it is rare to find an individual larger than 6 feet (1.83 meters).
	www.flmnh.ufl.edu /fish/Gallery/Descript/LeopardShark/LeopardShark.html (1052 words)

	Monterey Bay Aquarium: Online Field Guide
		Leopard sharks are at home in many habitats, from kelp forests to sloughs.
		Leopard sharks are caught in recreational and commercial fisheries; like all sharks, leopards reproduce slowly and are vulnerable to overfishing.
		The leopard shark eggs hatch within the female’s uterus—the offspring are born live and ready to fend for themselves.
	www.mbayaq.org /efc/living_species?hOri=0&hab=5&inhab=207 (153 words)

	Leopard Shark (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The first dorsal fin of the Leopard Shark is centered halfway between the pelvic fins and the triangularly shaped pectoral fins.
		The Leopard Shark is a prized commercial catch and sold for food and was a primary food of Native Americans.
		The Leopard Shark is a member of the Triakidae Family which includes small and moderately sized houndsharks, smooth houndsharks, and tope sharks.
	www.mexfish.com /fish/lpshark/lpshark.htm (416 words)

	Triakidae & Galeorhinidae: Smoothhounds & Houndsharks
		The handsomely-marked Leopard Shark (Triakis semifasciata) is endemic to the west coast of North America, ranging from Oregon to central Mexico.
		Leopard Sharks sometimes mutilate their prey, consuming only part of them - such as seizing the siphons of buried clams and ripping them off with violent lateral head-shaking; it is not uncommon to find dozens of fleshy bivalve siphons (no shells, just the siphons) in the stomach of these sharks.
		Although generally regarded as harmless to humans, there is a report of a Leopard Shark charging a diver with a nosebleed.
	www.elasmo-research.org /education/shark_profiles/triakidae.htm (407 words)

	FIGIS - FAO/SIDP Species Identification Sheet: Triakis semifasciata (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The leopard shark is commonly found in shallow, enclosed, muddy bays, often entering them as the tide rises and departing when it retreats.
		Leopard sharks are sometimes seen resting on the bottom by divers, on sand among rocks; and readily do so in aquaria.
		Leopard sharks and piked dogfish have been observed catching anchovies together at the surface inside a hollow bridge support structure in San Francisco Bay, slowly swimming counterclockwise into oncoming clockwise-moving, densely packed schools of anchovies with their mouths wide open (Russo, 1975).
	www.fao.org /figis/servlet/species?fid=2829 (948 words)

	Marine Sportfish Identification -- Sharks Group
		The shortfin mako (bonito) shark is one of the larger sharks to inhabit California waters.
		The brown and other smoothhounds can be distinguished from the soupfin shark since their second dorsal fins originate well in advance of the beginning of the anal fin; while in the soupfin, the second dorsal begins behind the origin of the anal fin.
		The body of the leopard shark is elongate, and the snout is short and bluntly rounded.
	www.dfg.ca.gov /mrd/mspcont5.html (2074 words)

	Top Page 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Leopard Sharks are easy to identify by their spots.
		Leopards are Ovoviviparous, gestation is about 1 year and litters of 4 to as many as 33 may be born live.
		Horn Sharks are active at night, feeding on crabs, fish and urchins, mollusks and anemones.
	hometown.aol.com /shorecrab/leopardhorn.htm (367 words)

	Leopard Shark (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The leopard shark is named for its distinctive markings which form a bold, saddled fl color pattern.
		Timid around divers, the leopard shark is generally considered harmless to man. The future of the leopard shark is quite uncertain, and it is considered to be highly vulnerable.
		Not only is this shark slow to reach maturity, it is also targeted both by commercial and recreational fisheries, which are fishing for juveniles in the shallow coastal nursery grounds, as well as mature leopard sharks.
	www.jawsandteeth.com /leopard_shark%20A.htm (305 words)

	Leopard Shark. Leopard shark detailed information, pictures and links.
		Sharks - Sharks are amazing fish that have been around since long before the dinosaurs existed.
		The leopard shark could possibly be mistaken for the swell shark (Cephaloscyllium ventriosum), which is reddish-brown and has a flattened head.
		The leopard shark is a strong swimmer and lives in bay environments, near the shore, and sometimes in the open ocean.
	www.maneatingsharks.com /Leopard_Shark.htm (325 words)

	ANIMAL BYTES - Leopard Shark
		The leopard shark is an opportunistic feeder, primarily preying upon benthic organisms along with the occasional littoral prey item.
		Accordingly, the leopard shark is typically found in shallow enclosed muddy bays - usually entering as the tide rises and departing as the tide retreats.
		This shark species is very successful in zoological settings - where, not unexpectedly, it exhibits a strong tendency to stay in the benthic portions of an exhibit (although individual sharks will occasionally swim at midwater or at the surface).
	www.seaworld.org /animal-info/animal-bytes/animalia/eumetazoa/coelomates/deuterostomes/chordata/craniata/chondrichthyes/selachii/carcharhiniformes/leopard-shark.htm (546 words)

	Leopard Shark, Stegostoma fasciatum
		This Leopard Shark is unaggressive when approached and is considered harmless by divers.The young are dark brown to flish with narrow yellow bars and yellow spots.
		This Leopard Shark is found from East Africa and the Red Sea to Australia and New Caledonia.
		Leopard Shark adults can grow to 11.5 feet (354 cm) but are more common in the 5-8 foot (150-250 cm) range.
	animal-world.com /encyclo/marine/sharks_rays/leopard_bottom.php (349 words)

	Salt Water Sportsman Magazine - Fishing - Prowling For Leopards (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Once a leopard shark decides that it's time to eat, he'll fight you for all he's worth and then bring along some buddies to finish you off.
		Leopard sharks may not have a reputation for ferocity but once hooked, they'll pull drag in hard bulldogging runs.
		There are several species of sharks that migrate through this huge estuary, including the brown smoothhound, the spiny dogfish, the soupfin and the unusual seven- and six-gill sharks.
	www.saltwatersportsman.com /saltwater/fishing/article/0,12746,1063980,00.html (1347 words)

	BBC - Science & Nature - Sea Life - Fact files: Leopard shark/Cat shark
		The leopard shark has a long grey body with mottled bars of fl or brown.
		Leopard sharks are strong swimmers and sometimes form large migratory shoals.
		Leopard sharks are caught by commercial and sport fishermen and divers.
	www.bbc.co.uk /nature/blueplanet/factfiles/fish/leopard_shark_bg.shtml (277 words)

	Fishing for Shark, Fish Sniffer Online, Fish Pages
		The average leopard shark caught is 3 to 5 feet long weighing to 45 pounds.
		The blue shark has course skin and tend to roll up in the line when hooked, so it is imperative that you use steel leader when fishing them.
		Thresher sharks inhabit the upper layers of deep offshore waters and are most abundant along the edges of the continental shelf.
	www.fishsniffer.com /fishpage/shark.html (635 words)

	Chante David
		Sharks are extremely susceptible to overfishing due to their lengthy reproduction cycle.
		Educating the public about sharks and their role in ecosystems will raise a greater awareness for the animal and motivate people to fight for the conservation of shark species.
		Demography of the Central Californis Population of the Leopard Shark (Triakis semifasciata).
	essp.csumb.edu /capstone/proposals/davis.html (2058 words)

	THE LEOPARD SHARK. Free term papers for college, book reports and research papers. Welcome to Smart Essay (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Sharks have been around for 400 million years and out of that 400 million years about 100 million years the sharks and their close relatives have been closely unchanged in appearance.
		Sharks commonly fast for long periods during the breeding season and live on the vast reserves of lipids stored in their livers.
		Sharks, to a large extent, are scavengers, eating injured fish, garbage, and other waste from ships as well as animals such as seals, turtles, birds, whales, crabs, and a wide range of fishes.
	www.smartessay.com /essay/016908.html (1271 words)

	Fishery Bulletin: Age-validation of a leopard shark (Triakis semi... @ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Average annual growth of recaptured leopard sharks examined in these studies ranged from 0.0 cm per year to 4.0 cm per yr (mean of 2.14 cm per yr); centra grew proportionately to shark length over all size classes sampled.
		The shark recaptured in July 1999 was a mature female measuring 124 cm TL at recapture.
		The OTC mark in the leopard shark at liberty for 20 years was especially light-sensitive, disappearing after a few minutes exposure, much more quickly than tetracycline marks observed previously by one of the authors in earlier recaptures from this study.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:97483560&refid=holomed_1 (2692 words)

	Leopard sharks... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		leopard shark is silver in color with bars and stripes of dark gray or brown.
		Leopard sharks are found along the Pacific coast from Oregon to Baja California and in the northern Gulf of California.
		Leopard sharks eat a wide variety of foods, including worms, shrimps, crabs, fishes, fish eggs and clams.
	www.aquarium.org /thedeep/leopard_shark.htm (208 words)

	Leopard Sharks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Leopard sharks are found in Elkhorn Slough mostly during summer (more info).
		These sharks are not harmful to humans due to their small teeth and timid nature.
		Sharks have pores in their heads that help detect weak bio-electric field of other animals.
	www.elkhornslough.org /critters/lshark.htm (190 words)

	PSRC - Elasmobranch of the Month (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Leopard sharks have been observed forming schools, sometimes with other species such as Smoothounds, Spiny dogfish, Bat Rays, and Sevengills.
		Leopard sharks are opportunistic feeders that consume a range of prey items including fat innkeeper worms, crustaceans, mollusks, and teleosts.
		Leopard sharks are hardy and adapt well to captivity, and as a result are often kept in aquaria.
	psrc.mlml.calstate.edu /elamon_jun04.htm (374 words)

	Leopard shark, Stegostoma fasciatum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The leopard shark, also commonly known as the zebra shark, is one of the most docile species.
		As with the other bottom-dwelling sharks, this species has the ability to pump water over its gills even when stationary, though they also tend to face into the current to help with breathing.
		Unlike many of the more dangerous sharks, adult leopard sharks have a distinct blunt teardrop shape, with a disproportionately long tail compared with its body, and the characteristic spotted pattern.
	www.divegallery.com /shark_leopard.htm (167 words)

	SDNHM: Angel Shark (Squatina californica)
		The angel shark is lives on the sandy bottom of the ocean.
		The angel shark preys on other fish by burying itself in the sand and ambushing them as they swim by.
		The female angel shark lays an egg case that looks like a little drawstring purse and is sometimes called a mermaid's purse.
	www.sdnhm.org /kids/sharks/shore-to-sea/angel.html (125 words)

	Term Paper on The Leopard Shark
		Leopard Shark (Triakis semifascicata) Family Carcharhinidae (requiem sharks).
		The Leopard shark (Triakis semifascicata) grow to 7 feet and are heavily marked with fl crossbars and blotches.
		In Florida, Lemon sharks are threatened due to the destruction of Mangrove Swamps, which are important nurseries for Lemon shark pups.
	www.swiftpapers.com /essay/The_Leopard_Shark-80794.html (170 words)

	Leopard Shark - educational resources
		The leopard shark is similar in coloration to the swell shark Â© Jeremy Stafford-Deitsch.
		Leopard Shark Movement:...earthquake, etcâ¦ This potential loss of critical habitat is made more worrisome due to the lack of basic information about how the leopard shark moves about...
		TAXONOMY: Ecological value: The leopard shark is one of the most common sharks in California bays and estuaries and along southern California beaches.
	animals.mongabay.com /iucn/L/Leopard_Shark.html (330 words)

	Leopard Shark, Stegostoma fasciatum
		A Leopard Shark with Slender Suckerfish (view fact sheet) at a depth of 25m, North Stradbroke Island, Queensland, April 1996.
		A Leopard Shark at a depth of 12m Julian Rocks, New South Wales, January 2001.
		The Leopard Shark has large pectoral fins, two close-set, spineless dorsal fins and a very long caudal fin that lacks a ventral lobe.
	www.amonline.net.au /fishes/fishfacts/fish/sfasciat.htm (359 words)

	leopard shark -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		More results on "leopard shark" when you join.
		Shark species are nondescript in colour, varying from gray to cream, brown, yellow, slate, or blue, and often patterned with spots, bands, marblings, or protuberances.
		Sharks are among the oldest living things, and they have remained essentially the same since the modern sharks first appeared.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9047840?tocId=9047840 (794 words)

	Effects of endurance training in the leopard shark, Triakis semifasciata.
		The greatest effects occurred in white myotomal muscle, in which a 34% increase in fiber diameter and a 36% increase in the activities of citrate synthase and lactate dehydrogenase occurred as a result of training.
		Eight sharks were killed immediately, eight were forced to swim continuously for 6 wk against a current of 35 cm s-1 (60%-65% of maximal sustainable swimming speed), and eight were held for 6 wk in a tank without induced current.
		The observed effects within the myotomal muscle may reflect the higher growth rates of the trained leopard sharks, or they may be a specific response to the increased energetic demands of the training activity, indicating characteristics that limit swimming performance in leopard sharks.
	www.pdg.cnb.uam.es /UniPub/iHOP/gp/1119199.html (196 words)

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