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	LEOPOLD II. (LAKE) - LoveToKnow Article on LEOPOLD II. (LAKE) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Leopold had left Florence for Siena, and eventually for Porto S. Stefano, leaving a letter to Guerrazzi in which, on account of a protest from the pope, he declared that he could not agree to the proposed constituent assembly.
		Leopold at first gave way, and entrusted Don Neri Corsini with the formation of a ministry The popular demands presented by Corsini were for the abdication of Leopold in favor of his son, an alliance with Piedmonl and the reorganization of Tuscany in accordance with the eventual and definite reorganization of Italy.
		Leopold of Tuscany was a well-meaning, not unkindly man, and fonder of his subjects than were the other Italian despots, but he was weak, and too closely bound by family ties and Habsburg traditions ever to become a real Liberal.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /L/LE/LEOPOLD_II_LAKE_.htm (966 words)

	Leopold II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The scramble for Africa began in the mid-1870's with the purpose to colonize the "Dark Continent".
		In 1876 Leopold II employed Stanley to acquire as much land in the Congo Basin as he possibly could.
		Between 1879 and 1884, Leopold continued to finance Stanley's to exploration of the region.
	www.pvhs.chico.k12.ca.us /~bsilva/projects/scramble/leopold.htm (411 words)

	King Leopold II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		King Leopold II Leopold, Louis, Phillippe, Marie, Victor, Duke of Saxony, Prince of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, was born in Brussels on 9 April, 1835.
		Leopold II also wanted to turn Brussels into a real capital city: he commissioned the mapping out of broad thoroughfares, and several parks, and the construction of public buildings and monuments such as the Museum at Tervuren and the Arch commemorating the fiftieth anniversary of Independence.
		Commenting on his death, a contemporary journalist wrote: “One is inclined to compare Leopold II to Henry the Navigator, Infante of Portugal, who in the 15th century did everything in his power to discover new lands and to insure to his country the glory and profit if their discovery.
	www.angelfire.com /pa/ImperialRussian/royalty/belgium/belgium04.html (2157 words)

	LEOPOLD II. - LoveToKnow Article on LEOPOLD II.
		As he had no army to maintain, and as he suppressed the small naval force kept up by the Medici, the whole of his revenue was left free for the improvement of his state.
		During the last few years of his rule in Tuscany Leopold had begun to be frightened by the increasing disorders in the German and Hungarian dominions of his family, which were the direct result of his brothers headlong methods.
		But it may be said of Leopold, as of Fontenelle, that his heart was made of brains.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /L/LE/LEOPOLD_II_.htm (556 words)

	LeopoldII
		When Leopold II learned of Maximilian's death he demanded custody of the widow; rumours had reached him of the cruel and neglectful treatment hsi sister was being subjected by the Habsburgs and he sent his wife, Queen Marie Henriette to Trieste to bring Charlotte back to Belgium.
		Leopold II considered Belgium too small for his ambitions and he lead a pilicy of colonialism.
		Leopold hold this estate for 40 years after which he was force to relinquish to it and the Congo became only a Belgian colony in 1906.
	www.geocities.com /maxhabsburgo/LeopoldII.html (1044 words)

	AllRefer.com - Leopold II, Holy Roman emperor, king of Bohemia and Hungary (German History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Leopold II 1747–92, Holy Roman emperor (1790–92), king of Bohemia and Hungary (1790–92), as Leopold I grand duke of Tuscany (1765–90), third son of Maria Theresa.
		Although he hoped to avoid war with revolutionary France, Leopold instigated (1791) the Declaration of Pillnitz, by which the emperor and the king of Prussia stated that if all other European powers would join them, they were prepared to restore Louis XVI to his lawful powers by force.
		Leopold II is generally considered a ruler of outstanding diplomatic and administrative abilities.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/L/Leopo2HRE.html (453 words)

	Namnlöst dokument
		Leopold I died on the 10 of December 1865 and was succeeded by his son, Leopold II.
		Leopold I of the Belgians and Louise Marie.
		Leopold III of the Belgians and Queen Astrid (née Princess of Sweden).
	www.warholm.nu /Kingbel.html (495 words)

	Leopold II
		Leopold II, King of the Belgians, son of Leopold I, was born at Brussels on the 9th of April 1835.
		This princess, who was a great-granddaughter of the empress Maria Theresa, and a great-niece of Marie Antoinette, endeared herself to the people by her elevated character and indefatigable benevolence, while her beauty gained for her the sobriquet of "The Rose of Brabant"; she was also an accomplished artist and musician, and a fine horsewoman.
		In 1880 Leopold sought an interview with General C. Gordon and obtained his promise, subject to the approval of the British government, to enter the Belgian service on the Congo.
	www.nndb.com /people/036/000094751 (586 words)

	A Tale of Two Kings : IMC Maritimes
		Leopold attended antislavery conferences in Europe and even established an organization called the International Association of the Congo to promulgate his supposed desire to end slavery and bring progress and enlightenment to the Congo.
		All the while King Leopold II was engaged in this activity, his Force Publique troops were kidnapping Africans and paying chiefs for slaves to use as porters in bringing ivory out of the Congo and to build a trail and later a railroad around the treacherous rapids at the lower end of the Congo River.
		Leopold II retaliated against this truth telling effort by Morel and others by hiring a German banker named Ludwig von Steub to bribe journalists and editors across Europe so favorable articles about him and the Congo would appear in European newspapers.
	maritimes.indymedia.org /print.php?id=8129 (1751 words)

	Ancestors and Family of Leopold II Habsburg-Lotharingen
		Like Joseph, Leopold was influenced by the ideas of the Enlightenment and was determined to construct an efficient state apparatus at the expense of feudal interests.
		After Joseph II died in February 1790, Leopold was elected emperor (and also became king of Hungary and archduke of Austria).
		Leopold married Maria Luisa of Spain de Bourbon, daughter of Charles III of Spain de Bourbon and Mary Amalia Saxony Wettin, on 5 Aug 1765.
	nygaard.howards.net /files/4014.htm (303 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The reign of Leopold II is described as “genocidal”.
		Although in the BBC documentary he ascribes the 10 million deaths to the reign of Leopold II, he writes in one of his previous publications that the exact reason for these deaths cannot be clearly determined (emigration, tropical diseases, colonial rule) and that further research is necessary.
		Leopold II wrote in a letter of 3 January 1899 to colonel Liebrechts, officer of the Congo Free State that « Ces horreurs doivent cesser ou je me retirerai du Congo.
	www.diplobel.org /uk/pages/news/newsletters/LeopoldII.doc (1770 words)

	Belgium History / The New Kingdom
		It was Leopold II who acquired the Congo, which remained a part of Belgium until its independence in 1960.
		Leopold II was succeeded in 1909 by Albert I, his nephew..
		Leopold was held prisoner in the palace of Laeken before being taken to Germany.
	www.geographia.com /belgium/bxhis05.htm (583 words)

	Leopold II, king of the Belgians. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		1835–1909, king of the Belgians (1865–1909), son and successor of Leopold I.
		Forced labor was extorted from the natives, frequently by barbarous methods, until scandal compelled Leopold to turn over the Congo to the Belgian government (1908).
		Leopold’s private life was as scandalous and dissolute as his public conduct.
	www.bartleby.com /65/le/Leopo2Bel.html (221 words)

	boys clothing: European royalty--Belgium: Leopold II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Leopold II (1835-1909) was considered by many to have been the most monstrous European monarch of the 19th century.
		Leopold II was the son of Leopold I of Saxe-Coburg who was born in 1790.
		Leopold who did not often or easily show emotions, wept uncontroably in curch and had to be supported by his brother as he joined the funneral cortege.
	histclo.hispeed.com /royal/bel/royal-bell2.htm (2127 words)

	Columbus
		Over a period of 25 years, Belgium King Leopold II was able to reduce the population of the Congo from 20 million to 10 million.
		Leopold begged for the Congo Basin and guaranteed the well being of the Congo's native population.
		Guillaume Van Kerckhoven, a Leopold officer, cheerfully bragged to a missionary that he paid his fl soldiers "5 brass rods per human head they brought him during the course of any military operation he conducted." He said it was to stimulate their prowess in the face of the enemy.
	www.ccds.charlotte.nc.us /diversity/columbus.htm (984 words)

	Royalty.nu - The History of Belgium - Belgian Royalty
		Leopold I and Leopold II Dutch king William I was unpopular in Belgium, and the people revolted.
		Leopold II is infamous today for the cruelty of his rule over the African Congo basin, which made him very rich.
		Leopold II of the Belgians: King of Colonialism by Barbara Emerson.
	www.royalty.nu /Europe/Belgium.html (2539 words)

	Belgium's imperialist rape of Africa: A review of King Leopold's Ghost (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Adam Hochschild's study of King Leopold II of Belgium's creation of the Congo Free State goes to the essence of the economic and political systems established in colonial Africa.
		Leopold developed a military dictatorship over a country 76 times the size of Belgium, with only a small number of white officials.
		Leopold attempted to destroy the evidence: for eight days in 1908 furnaces in Leopold's Brussels headquarters were at full blast, as Congo State archives were tuned to ash.
	www.wsws.org /articles/1999/sep1999/king-s06.shtml (2322 words)

	BBC - h2g2 - King Leopold II and the Belgian Congo
		Leopold then went on to use the Congo as a huge money-making resource, committing several human rights violations in the process and then turning a blind eye as he built public works projects in Belgium with the money he raked in.
		Leopold went to work to consolidate his new realm, intensifying exploration efforts (already underway before the advent of the conference) with an investment in railway construction.
		Financially refreshed, Leopold set in motion his plans to squeeze the Congo of its wealth, determinedly attempting to recoup his losses and realise a profit on the venture in which he had invested everything.
	www.bbc.co.uk /dna/h2g2/A4429064 (2057 words)

	Mass crimes against humanity and genocidein the Congo Free State
		Under Léopold II's administration, the Congo Free State was subject to a terror regime, including atrocities such as mass killings and maimings which were used to subjugate the indigenous tribes of the Congo region and to procure slave labor.
		In Belgium: Léopold II is perceived by many Belgians as the "King-Builder" ("le Roi-Bâtisseur" in French, "Koning-Bouwer" in Dutch) because he commissioned a great number of buildings and urban projects in Antwerp, Brussels, Ostend and elsewhere in Belgium.
		Leopold and the Belgian colonial officials who followed him went to extraordinary lengths to try to erase potentially incriminating evidence from the historical records.
	www.religioustolerance.org /genocong.htm (2482 words)

	LeopoldII
		In 1876 Leopold organized an international association to develop central Africa, and he later financed the expedition (1879-84) to the Congo River led by the British-American explorer
		At the Berlin Conference of 1884-85, Leopold was recognized as sovereign of the Congo Free State, annexed to Belgium as the Belgian Congo in 1908.
		Leopold incurred widespread criticism for his exploitation of the Congo, and, because of international protests, he was forced to institute reforms.
	www.geocities.com /henry8jane4/LeopoldII.html (99 words)

	Tallulahs Biographies & Images; Famous People; King Leopold II
		In 1885, King Leopold II of Belgium gained a vast area in central Africa as his personal possession.
		By 1908 criticism of his rule forced Leopold to withdrawal as sovereign and the region was annexed to Belgium.
		By the time Leopold II died in 1909, at age 74, most of the world despised him.
	tallulahs.com /leopold.html (351 words)

	BRIA(16:2) King Leopold, Heart of Darkness, Belgium, Congo, Rockefeller, Standard Oil, Monopoly, United States v. ...
		Leopold and the concessions gave bonuses to their agents for paying native workers little for the ivory and rubber.
		While Leopold portrayed this as a great humanitarian act, his real purpose was to gain control of the upper Congo River and to acquire more workers.
		Leopold's agents held the wives and children of these men as hostages until they returned with their quota of rubber.
	www.crf-usa.org /bria/bria16_2.html (5715 words)

	RULERS OF AUSTRIA (ÖSTERREICH)
		The founder of the Babenberg family, Leopold I, was a son or grandson of the Bavarian duke Arnulf.
		Son of Václav II of Bohemia; married Gertrud daughter of Heinrich son of Leopold VI of Bade
		Son of Albrecht II; in Styria, Carinthia, and Tyrol; killed in battle against the Swiss
	www-personal.umich.edu /~imladjov/AustrianRulers.htm (1001 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/List of rulers of Austria
		Henry II Jasomirgott (1141-1177) (Duke of Bavaria, 1143-1156)
		Charles II: Regent of Inner Austria (1564-1590) (Styria, Carinthia and Carniola); succeeded by Emperor Ferdinand II (Archduke Ferdinand III)
		Leopold VII (Leopold II of the Holy Roman Empire) (1790-1792)
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Austria (474 words)

	Amazon.com: King Leopold's Ghost: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		King Leopold's reign in the Congo was so vicious that even the other colonial powers of the day had to condemn him.This book is the story of a man that was so greedy- even the pretext of humanitarian aims were summarily ignored during his rule.
		In a tour de force of characterization, Hochschild portrays Leopold as a petulant and greedy monster who decided at a young age that the way to wealth was ownership of an African colony and the subjugation of its inhabitants.
		King Leopold is, along with Hitler, Stalin and others of their ilk, one of the arch villains of all time and, as like attracts like, his coldness, cruelty and greed filtered down the ranks to the men who did his dirty work on the ground.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0618001905?v=glance (1983 words)

	Leopold II on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		1835-1909, king of the Belgians (1865-1909), son and successor of Leopold I.
		At a European conference (Berlin, 1884-85), the Congo Free State was established under Leopold's personal rule (see Congo, Democratic Republic of the).
		Leopold wrote a letter to George Hoffman's widow explaining how Hoffmann saved his life and protected him as a POW after Leopold's
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/L/Leopo2B1el.asp (585 words)

	The Chronicles of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle - Conan Doyle and the Belgian Congo
		Leopold II ascended to the throne of Belgium in 1865 at the age of 30.
		Leopold assured the world community that he would bring civilization to the area.
		King Leopold II of Belgium took control of the area and named it the Congo Free State.
	www.siracd.com /work_congo.shtml (661 words)

	Leopold II -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust!
		Leopold formed the Congo Free State in 1885 and ruled as its sovereign.
		Leopold was succeeded by his nephew, Albert I.
		The son of a German prince, Leopold married the heiress to the British throne, Princess Charlotte, but she died a year later.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article-9370048 (664 words)

	Reader's Guide for King Leopold's Ghost published by Houghton Mifflin Company
		Adam Hochschild’s awardwinning, hearthaunting account of the brutal plunder of the Congo by Leopold II of Belgium presents a megalomaniac of monstrous proportions, a royal figure as cunning, charming, and cruel as any of Shakespeare’s great villains.
		It is also the deeply moving portrait of those who fought Leopold: a brave, committed handful of idealists, missionaries, travelers, diplomats, and African villagers who found themselves witnesses to and, in too many instances, victims of a holocaust.
		The death toll in King Leopold’s Congo was on a scale comparable to the Holocaust and Stalin’s purges.
	www.houghtonmifflinbooks.com /readers_guides/hochschild_king_leo.shtml (1759 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Africa \| King Leopold's legacy of DR Congo violence
		Of the Europeans who scrambled for control of Africa at the end of the 19th century, Belgium's King Leopold II left arguably the largest and most horrid legacy of all.
		He has an actor play the bearded, heavily-set Leopold, fidgeting nervously as damning testimonies are read out, compiled by the foreign correspondents of the day, the missionaries.
		The campaign to reveal the truth behind Leopold's "secret society of murderers," led by diplomat Roger Casement, and a former shipping clerk ED Morel, became the first mass human rights movement.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/africa/3516965.stm (732 words)

	King Leopold II
		About King Leopold’s Ghost King Leopold’s Ghost: A Story of Greed, Terror, and Heroism in colonial Africa by Adam Hochschild is a story of the brutal colonial regime in Congo under King Leopold II of a small European country, Belgium.
		Surprisingly, King Leopold II of Belgium is not much remembered today outside his home country despite of his brutalism in his small colony, Congo.
		King Leopold II, born in 1835, was a greedy man who was never satisfied with his small infant country, comparable size of its Maryland in the U.S., which had just got independence in 1830.
	www.radessays.com /link.php?site=re&aff=r2c2&dest=viewpaper.php?request=877 (292 words)

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