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Topic: Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany

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	Britain.tv Wikipedia - Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany
		Portrait of Leopold II Leopold II (October 3, 1797 â“ January 29, 1870), of Habsburg-Lorraine, Grand Duke of Tuscany, Prince Imperial and Archduke of Austria, Prince Royal of Hungary and Bohemia.
		Born in Florence, Leopold II was the son of the grand-duke Ferdinand III of Tuscany, whom he succeeded in 1824.
		Leopold of Tuscany was a well-meaning, not unkindly man, and fonder of his subjects than were the other Italian despots, but he was weak, and too closely bound by family ties and Habsburg traditions ever to become a real Liberal.
	www.britain.tv /wikipedia.php?title=Leopold_II,_Grand_Duke_of_Tuscany (1186 words)

	Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor
		Leopold II (1747-1792), Roman emperor, and grand-duke of Tuscany, son of the empress Maria Theresa and her husband, Francis Stephen of Lorraine, was born in Vienna on May 5, 1747.
		He and Joseph II were tenderly attached to one another, and met frequently both before and after the death of their mother, while the portrait by Pompeo Baltoni[?] in which they appear together shows that they bore a strong personal resemblance to one another.
		Leopold at first gave way, and entrusted Don Neri Corsini with the formation of a ministry The popular demands presented by Corsini were for the abdication of Leopold in favour of his son, an alliance with Piedmonl and the reorganization of Tuscany in accordance with the eventual and definite reorganization of Italy.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/em/Emperor_Leopold_II.html (1323 words)

	Leopold I Habsburg-Lorraine, Grand Duke of Tuscany
		Leopold II Habsburg-Lorraine, Holy Roman Emperor, Grand Duke of Tuscany (as Leopold I) Leopold II (born Peter Leopold Joseph) (May 5, 1747 – March 1, 1792) was the penultimate Holy Roman Emperor from 1790 to 1792 and Grand-duke of Tuscany (Leopold I - Pietro Leopoldo d'Asburgo-Lorena - Granduca di Toscana).
		Leopold was born in Vienna, a third son, and was at first educated for the priesthood, but the theological studies to which he was forced to apply himself are believed to have influenced his mind in a way unfavourable to the Church.
		Leopold was too purely a politician not to be secretly pleased at the destruction of the power of France and of her influence in Europe by her internal disorders.
	tuscany-toscana.info /leopold_grand_duke_of_tuscany.htm (1459 words)

	Habsburg - LoveToKnow 1911
		Leopold III., duke of Carinthia and Styria, who was killed in 1386 at the battle of Sempach, had four sons, of whom two only, Frederick and Ernest, left male issue.
		duke of Teschen (1818-1874), (1827-1894), duke of Modena Joseph (1781-1850).
		I I I I Joseph II., emperor Leopold II., emperor Maximilian, elector of Cologne (1741-1790).
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Habsburg (5218 words)

	Worldroots.com
		Archduchess Maria Theresia of Austria, Pss of Tuscany 1801-1855
		(dghtr of Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany, Archduke of Austria and
		(dghtr of Leopold II, GD of Tuscany+Archduke of Austria and
	worldroots.com /brigitte/royal/habs-m2.htm (921 words)

	Tuscany, Florence and the Medici family
		Tuscany is one of the regions of central Italy and includes the provinces of Arezzo, Florence, Grosseto, Livorno, Massa, Carrara, Pisa and Siena.
		Tuscany, or Tuscia as it was called in the Middle Ages, became a part of the Frankish Empire during the reign of Charlemagne and was designated a margravate, the margrave of which was also made the ruler of the Duchy of Spoleto and Camerino several times.
		During the War of the Spanish Succession, the Grand Duke desired to remain neutral, although he had accepted Siena in fief once more from Philip V. During this period, Tuscany was ravaged by plague and the war taxes and forced contributions levied on it by the imperial generals completely destroyed its prosperity.
	www.tuscany-toscana.info (1973 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Tuscany
		Tuscany, or Tuscia as it was called in the Middle Ages, became a part of the Frankish Empire during the reign of Charlemagne and was formed a margravate, the margrave of which was also made the ruler several times of the Duchy of Spoleto and Camerino.
		During the War of the Spanish Succession the grand duke desired to remain neutral, although he had accepted Siena in fief once more from Philip V. In this era the land was ravaged by pestilence, and the war-taxes and forced contributions levied on it by the imperial generals completely destroyed its prosperity.
		In 1782 Leopold suppressed the Inquisition, reduced the possessions of the Church, suppressed numerous monasteries, and interfered in purely internal ecclesiastical matters for the benefit of the Jansenists.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/15103b.htm (2041 words)

	History of Tuscany and Lucca also map
		The remainder of Tuscany is rolling hilly country with soils of clay and sand.
		The chief rivers of Tuscany are the Arno and its tributaries, the Era, Elsa, Bisenzio, and Sieve, and the Serchio.
		The population of Tuscany was 3,510,114 in 1991.
	members.tripod.com /rigali/Page2.html (1945 words)

	Gian Gaston dei Medici, grand duke of Tuscany
		The grand duchess had hardly more to say for herself than the grand duke, and her manner was less calculated to please her visitors.
		She was the late grand duke's second wife, and not the mother of the reigning duke.
		And it cannot be doubted that the grand duke's patriotic endeavors were crowned with success, and that his expenditure in wax-lights, music, ices and suppers was returned tenfold to the shopkeepers and hotel and lodging-house keepers of his capital.
	www.harvestfields.netfirms.com /01/038.htm (4897 words)

	Columbia Encyclopedia- Leopold II - AOL Research & Learn
		When Leopold succeeded (1790) his brother Joseph II as emperor and as ruler of the Hapsburg lands, he took over a nearly disrupted state.
		Although he hoped to avoid war with revolutionary France, Leopold instigated (1791) the Declaration of Pillnitz, by which the emperor and the king of Prussia stated that if all other European powers would join them, they were prepared to restore Louis XVI to his lawful powers by force.
		Leopold II is generally considered a ruler of outstanding diplomatic and administrative abilities.
	reference.aol.com /columbia/_a/leopold-ii/20051206195909990015 (335 words)

	Tuscany (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Tuscany 1848-49 Under the rule of the Grand Duke Leopold II Tuscany enjoyed a relatively more liberal regime than other Italian states.
		While the grand duke temporized and tried to follow a policy of non-commitment, his moderate ministry negotiated with Rome and Turin in support of a federation of all Italian states.
		Faced with growing restiveness, the grand duke left Florence for Siena at the end of January 1849 and announced that he could not accept a constituent assembly.
	www.ohiou.edu /~Chastain/rz/tuscany.htm (594 words)

	Dream Holiday at Castello di Magona in Tuscany - the luxury holiday that you will not forget
		Castello di Magona was built during the first decade of the 16TH century and became the residence of Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany, during the reclamation of the Maremma land.
		Leopold II was born on the 3rd of October 1797 in Florence and died in Rome on the 29th of January 1870.
		He was the last Grand Duke of Tuscany and reigned from 1824 to 1859.
	www.castellodimagona.it /history.php (244 words)

	Hapsburgs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Duke of Madena, Massa, Carrara and Guastalla, son of Duke Franz IV of Modena and Princess Maria Beatrix of Sardinia
		Leopold II Grand Duke of Tuscany, son of Grand Duke Ferdinand III and Princess Marie Luise of Naples and Sicily
		Duke of Austria, Styria, and Carniola, son of Duke Albrecht II of Austria and Johanna of the Palatinate
	www.geocities.com /historyofaustria/habsburgs.html (6790 words)

	AllRefer.com - Leopold II, grand duke of Tuscany (Italian History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Leopold II 1797–1870, grand duke of Tuscany (1824–59).
		Refusing the demands of the extremists, however, Leopold left Tuscany in Feb., 1849, and returned several months later in the wake of Austrian troops.
		In 1852 he repealed the constitution, and in 1859 he was forced to abdicate in favor of his son, Ferdinand IV, who was deposed in 1860.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/L/Leopo2Tus.html (219 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Auctorem Fidei
		To understand its bearing, it is well to observe that Leopold II, Grand duke of Tuscany (1765-90), pursued the ecclesiastical policy of his brother, Joseph II of Austria; i.
		In 1785 he sent fifty-seven articles to each bishop in the grand duchy, with orders to consider them in a diocesan synod, as a preliminary to a national synod, in which they were finally to be discussed.
		Leopold caused a national synod to be held at Florence in 1787, but he did not find the other bishops as pliant as Scipio de' Ricci.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/02068b.htm (495 words)

	Villa In Tuscany
		Once the official residence of Leopold II, the Grand Duke of Tuscany, the magnificent Castello di Magona is located near the seashore between Siena and Lucca.
		Located in the north-west of Tuscany, Casentino is the name of the upper valley of the Arno, through which the river flows from its source in Monte Falterona as far as Arezzo.
		Guest of Tuscany vacation rentals will experience a part of Italy that is renowned for art, history and mesmerizing landscape; staying in a Tuscany vacation rental is the ideal way to take in a region where the past and present combine.
	www.tuscanys-villa.com (2281 words)

	Cultural Catholic - Pope Pius VI (1775-1799)
		With misguided zeal, Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II of Austria wanted to reform the Church by changing Church regulations, limiting papal power, and suppressing monasteries that claimed the right to appoint clergy.
		Simultaneously, Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II's brother, Peter Leopold II Grand Duke of Tuscany, instructed his bishop, Bishop Ricci of Pistoia, to pass a number of antipapal resolutions at the 1786 Pistoia synod.
		Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II’s attempts to make the state supreme in matters of conscience matched the French Revolutionaries' drive to set up a state church by means of the Civil Constitution of the Clergy (1790).
	www.culturalcatholic.com /PopePiusVI.htm (573 words)

	Tuscany — FactMonster.com
		In the late Middle Ages and throughout the Renaissance, Tuscany was a center of the arts and of learning.
		Tuscany: Physical Geography and Economy - Physical Geography and Economy This prosperous economic region is mostly hilly and mountainous.
		Leopold I, grand duke of Tuscany - Leopold I, grand duke of Tuscany: see Leopold II, Holy Roman emperor.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/world/A0849777.html (238 words)

	Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria -- biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		He was brother of the Emperors Joseph II and Leopold II (ex-Grand Duke of Tuscany), of Queen Caroline of Naples, of Queen Marie-Antoinette of France, and of the Duchess of Parma.
		He was uncle of the Emperor Francis II and the Grand Duke Ferdinand, and was also father of the Duchess of Aosta.
		In 1808, his youngest daughter, Marie-Louise, married her first cousin, the Emperor Francis II (a widower for the second time), and was thus step-mother to the other Marie-Louise, the future wife of Napoleon and Neipperg.
	www.historydata.com /biographies/ferdinand_ad_austria.html (151 words)

	Worldroots.com
		Ferdinand IV, Grand Duke of Tuscany, Archduke of Austria,
		Princess Alicia Maria Carolina Ferdinanda Rachael Giovanna Filomena was born on 27 December 1849 in Parma, daughter of Carlo III, Duke of Parma, and Princess Louise Marie de France.
		On 11 January 1868 in Frohsdorf, she married the exiled Grand Duke of Tuscany, Ferdinand IV, and they became the parents of ten children.
	worldroots.com /brigitte/royal/bio/aliciabourbonbio1849.html (165 words)

	Tuscany Castel in Maremma - Luxury accommodation in Tuscany
		Dimora del Granduca dates back to first decade of the 16th century and became the residence of Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany, during the reclamation of the Maremma land.
		It then passed into the hands of the Merciai family, and has been recently transformed into a "Historical House" open to all those whose wish it is to allow themselves a different type of break, to discover the beautiful surroundings rich in history and art.
		Ciao, tell us about yourself, your party and how you would like to spend your journey in Tuscany, we will be pleased to give you any advice and suggestions to make your vacation the most enjoyable by selecting your "Your perfect accommodation".
	www.yourtuscany.com /property.asp?id=126 (299 words)

	Tuscany Farmhouse Castle Vacation, Tuscan Villa Holiday, Wedding, Corporate Travel, Siena, Florence, Pisa, (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		This Castle, residence of Leopold II Grand Duke of Tuscany, is situated between the renown cities of Siena and Lucca, in a triangle of wine production of the highest level such as Sassicaia and Ornellaia.
		The Castle was built during the first decade of the 16th century and became the residence of Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany, during the reclamation of the Maremma land.
		The Castle has been the residence of many Grand Dukes of Tuscany, but Leopold II lived here the longest.
	www.mytuscany.ca /property.html?pg=01&id=C001 (314 words)

	Gatorsports.com :: 100 years of Gator Football (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Leopold II (born Peter Leopold Joseph) (May 5, 1747 – March 1, 1792) was the penultimate Holy Roman Emperor from 1790 to 1792 and Grand Duke of Tuscany.
		Like his parents before him, Leopold had sixteen children, the eldest of his eight sons being his successor, the Emperor Francis II.
		Archduchess Maria Clementina of Austria, born 1777, died 1801, m: 1797 the Duke of Calabria, the later king Francis I of the Two Sicilies; her only surviving issue daughter Caroline became Duchess of Berry and mother of the pretender Henri, comte de Chambord as well as Louise, mother of Robert, Duke of Parma
	www.gatorsports.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?template=wiki&text=Leopold_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor (2032 words)

	Castello di Magona - Tuscany - Italy
		Castello di Magona, residence of Leopold II Grand Duke of Tuscany, is situated between the renown cities of Siena and Lucca, in a triangle of wine production of the highest level such as Sassicaia and Ornellaia.
		The Castle is accessible through a road, surrounded by cypress and pines trees, at the end of which the impressive gate opens onto the front garden and the private parking.
		Overlooking a terraced olive grove, the pool is shaded by old pine trees and has a changing room and toilet.
	www.jpmoser.com /castello_di_magona.html (228 words)

	Weddings in Tuscany - villas & castles weddings
		WEDDING RECEPTION Castello di Magona, residence of Leopold II Grand Duke of Tuscany, is located between the famous cities of Siena and Lucca.
		The castle is open all year and in the summer period it is preferably rented on a weekly basis, with full staff, as Exclusive Villa.
		LOCATION Castello di Magona is located 10 kilometers from the closest beach, 70 kilometers from Pisa airport and 90 kilometers from the city of Florence.
	www.tuscandream.com /weddings_magona.cfm (281 words)

	AllRefer.com - Leopold I, grand duke of Tuscany (Italian History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Leopold I, grand duke of Tuscany, Italian History, Biographies
		Leopold I grand duke of Tuscany: see Leopold II, Holy Roman emperor.
		• Leopold II, Holy Roman emperor, king of Bohemia and Hungary
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/X/X-Leopo1Tus.html (156 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Though the difference between Men and other living Creatures be very great, yet happly he that should say that he Giovanni Battista Foggini: Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Cosimo III de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (1642â“1723), 17th century (ca.
		Amazon.com: "Grand Duke of Tuscany": Key Phrase page Key Phrase page for Grand Duke of Tuscany: Books containing the phrase Grand Duke of Tuscany.
		Medici Family In 1569 Cosimo was named Grand Duke of Tuscany.
	ilmainhuge56.it.mibogey.org (203 words)

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