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Topic: Leopold IV of Austria (Habsburg)

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	Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor
		Leopold II (1747-1792), Roman emperor, and grand-duke of Tuscany, son of the empress Maria Theresa and her husband, Francis Stephen of Lorraine, was born in Vienna on May 5, 1747.
		Leopold at first gave way, and entrusted Don Neri Corsini with the formation of a ministry The popular demands presented by Corsini were for the abdication of Leopold in favour of his son, an alliance with Piedmonl and the reorganization of Tuscany in accordance with the eventual and definite reorganization of Italy.
		Leopold of Tuscany was a well-meaning, not unkindly man, and fonder of his subjects than were the other Italian despots, but he was weak, and too closely bound by family ties and Habsburg traditions ever to become a real Liberal.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/em/Emperor_Leopold_II.html (1323 words)

	Leopold I of the Holy Roman Empire - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Leopold's long reign covers one of the most important periods of European history; for nearly the whole of its forty-seven years he was pitted against Louis XIV.
		Leopold refused to consent to any partition, and when in November 1700 Charles died, leaving his crown to Philip, duke of Anjou, a grandson of Louis XIV., all hopes of a peaceable settlement vanished.
		(1873); and A. Pribram, Zur Wahl Leopolds I. (Vienna, 1888).
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Leopold_I_of_the_Holy_Roman_Empire (1295 words)

	Austria - MSN Encarta
		Under the terms of this treaty, which promulgated Austria’s sovereignty and neutrality, no limitation was placed on the army size, but its equipment was restricted to conventional weapons.
		At the end of the century Frankish leader Charlemagne devastated the territory of the Avars and established a series of outposts (military districts) of his empire in the country between the Enns and Raab rivers to serve as buffer territories against further encroachment from the east.
		Division of the Habsburg dynasty into Spanish and Austrian branches was completed when Charles abdicated in 1556 as king of Spain in favor of his son Philip II and, in 1558, as Holy Roman emperor in favor of his brother Ferdinand.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761575697_9/Austria.html (1905 words)

	Austria - MSN Encarta
		At the end of the century Charlemagne devastated the territory of the Avars and established a series of military outposts of the empire in the country between the Enns and Rába rivers to serve as buffer territories against further encroachment from the east.
		Division of the Habsburg dynasty into Spanish and Austrian branches was completed when Charles abdicated in 1556 as King of Spain in favour of his son Philip II and, in 1558, as Holy Roman Emperor in favour of his brother Ferdinand.
		The Habsburgs were defeated in battle, and the Peace of Westphalia (1648) weakened their control over the Holy Roman Empire by reducing it to a loose union of independent states.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761575697_8/Austria.html (1587 words)

	Virtual Vienna Net: Austria's History
		Austria emerged from the Second World War and the sufferings associated with it as a state that feels secure in its existence and which plays a decisive role in Europe.
		In 976, Leopold von Babenberg, a descendant of a noble Bavarian family, was invested with the area between the rivers Enns and Traisen.
		Austria's emergence as a major power was mainly due to the brilliant military leader Prince Eugene of Savoy, who served under three emperors (Leopold I, Josef I and Karl VI) and proved to be not only an outstanding military commander but also a fine statesman.
	www.virtualvienna.net /austria/about/austria_history.html (1778 words)

	History of Austria: history of austria hungary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The Habsburgs' hereditary territories, however, were soon separated from this enormous empire when, in 1520, Emperor Charles V left them to the rule of his brother, Ferdinand.
		Austria's performance in the war was distinctly unimpressive, and the expense involved led to further resistance.
		The Emperor's daughter, Marie Louise, was married to Napoleon, and Austria contributed an army to Napoleon's invasion of Russia in 1812.
	advantacell.com /wiki/History_of_Austria (4374 words)

	Leopold IV, Duke of Austria - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Duke Leopold IV of Austria, Duke of Further Austria (born 1371; died June 3, 1411 in Vienna) was an Austrian Habsburg Duke of the Leopoldinian Line.
		Leopold was left with responsibility of the Further Austrian territories, together with the position of head of the family.
		Leopold is buried in the Ducal Crypt in the Stephansdom in Vienna.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Leopold_IV_of_Austria_(Habsburg) (324 words)

	Generaloberst Erzherzog Leopold Salvator von Habsburg-Toskana (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Anyway, Archduke Leopold Salvator was married in Frohsdorf on 24 October 1889 to the Infanta Blanca of Spain (1868-1949), and had five sons and five daughters from this marriage: Maria (1891-1974), Maria Immakulata (1892-1971), Margaretha Raineria (1894-1986), Rainer (1895-1930), Maria Antonia (1899-1977), Anton (1901-1987), Assunta (1902-1993), Franz Josef (1905-1975), and Karl (1909-1953).
		Leopold Salvator was the Inspector General of the Artillery for the k.u.k.
		Leopold Salvator continued to have regal contacts with his wife's royal Spanish relatives until the revolution ousted them from power in 1928. Archduke Leopold Salvator died on 4 September 1931 in Vienna.
	www.geocities.com /veldes1/leopoldsalvator.html (471 words)

	Austria - Printer-friendly - MSN Encarta
		Joseph’s brother and successor, Leopold II, revoked most of the reforms and was forced to recognize Hungary as a separate unit of the Habsburg lands.
		Austria became a leading power in both the German Confederation, which replaced the Holy Roman Empire, and the Holy Alliance of European rulers.
		Austria’s government collapsed in September 2002 after Haider mounted a revolt within the Freedom Party that forced the resignation of Freedom Party leader and Austrian vice chancellor Susanne Riess-Passer.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761575697___41/Austria.html (7068 words)

	History of Austria
		The dukedom in the House of Agilolfing was primarily heriditary.
		An important characteristic of the Habsburgs' approach to their possessions was the concept of collective inheritence, as opposed to the principle of primogeniture, wherein the eldest son inherits the total holdings upon the death of the predecessor.
		Charles was the son of Philip I, king of Castile, and Joanna the Mad; maternal grandson of Ferdinand V of Castile and Isabella I; paternal grandson of the Habsburg Holy Roman emperor Maximilian I; and great-grandson of Charles the Bold, duke of Burgundy.
	www.geocities.com /historyofaustria/history.html (20221 words)

	Austria-Hungary Encyclopedia Article @ Hostilities.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The dual monarchy was the successor to the Austrian Empire (1804–1867) on the same territory, originating in the compromise between the ruling Habsburg dynasty and the Hungarians.
		The Habsburg dynasty ruled as Emperors of Austria over the western and northern half of the country and as Kings of Hungary over the Kingdom of Hungary which enjoyed some degree of self-government and representation in joint affairs (principally foreign relations and defence).
		In Austria and Hungary, separate republics were declared at the end of the war in November.
	www.hostilities.org /encyclopedia/Austria-Hungary (4064 words)

	History of Austria - Cassiopedia, The True Encyclopedia
		Although the Treaty of Versailles and the Treaty of St. Germain had explicitly forbidden the unification of Austria and Germany, Nazi Germany was striving to annex Austria during the late 1930s, which was fiercely resisted by the Austrian Schuschnigg dictatorship.
		Upon the termination of allied occupation, Austria was proclaimed a neutral country, and "everlasting" neutrality was incorporated into the Constitution on October 26, 1955.
		Austria joined the European Union in 1995 (Video of the signing in 1994), and Austria was set on the track towards joining the Eurozone, when it was established in 1999.
	www.cassiopedia.org /wiki/index.php?title=History_of_Austria (6210 words)

	Kingdoms of Germany - Austria
		However, reignal numbering for the Habsburgs in Austria itself was often different to that of the imperial title, due to the differing origins of the two bodies.
		HRE Leopold I. Austria permanently absorbs the County of Tyrol.
		The heir to the throne, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, is assassinated by Serb nationalists.
	www.kessler-web.co.uk /History/KingListsEurope/GermanyAustria.htm (548 words)

	boys clothing: European royalty Austria
		Austria was left with control of the German Confederation but suffered upheaval during the 1848 revolutions and eventual defeat in the 1866 Austro-Prussian War.
		Prussia's defat of Austria led to the formation of the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary in 1867 under Emperor Franz Josef and exclusion from the new German Empire unified by Bismarck.
		Austria's embrace of fascism meant that German troops met little opposition to the Anchluss in 1938 and incorporated Austria into the Third Reich.
	histclo.com /royal/ost/royal-aus.htm (3556 words)

	Austria-Hungary Encyclopedia Article @ GetitFreeHere.com (Get It Free Here) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Representatives of haulier associations from Austria, Hungary, Italy and Slovenia called on Friday, 1 December on the governments of the four countries to...
		Habsburg Empire, had built a substantial core of railways in the west originating from Vienna by 1841.
		Vorarlberg, the westernmost province of Austria, voted by a large majority to join Switzerland; however both the Swiss and the Allies disregarded this result.
	www.getitfreehere.com /encyclopedia/Austria-Hungary (3482 words)

	Istria on the Internet - Heraldy - Austria-Hungary
		The unity of the monarchy was expressed in the common head of the state, who bore the title Emperor of Austria and Apostolic King of Hungary, and in the common administration of a series of affairs, which affected both halves of the Dual Monarchy.
		The eagle was the Imperial Eagle as the Dukes of Austria, from the Habsburg dynasty, were Kings (and Emperors) of the Holy Roman Empire at the time.
		It was acquired by the Habsburg dynasty in 1746.
	www.istrianet.org /istria/heraldry/austria-hungary (4057 words)

	RULERS OF AUSTRIA (ÖSTERREICH)
		RULERS OF Babenberg Margraves of Ostmark, Dukes of Austria from 1156
		Habsburg Dukes of Austria, Archdukes of Austria from 1453
		Son of Albrecht IV of Habsburg; abdicated, died 1291
	www-personal.umich.edu /~imladjov/AustrianRulers.htm (1001 words)

	Leopold IV of Austria - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		There were two rulers known as Leopold IV of Austria:
		Margrave Leopold IV from the Babenberg dynasty (ruled 1136-1141)
		Duke Leopold IV from the Habsburg dynasty (ruled 1386-1411).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Leopold_IV_of_Austria (100 words)

	Central Europe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Very early in his reign Hungary was invaded by the central wing of the Mongol Horde under Batu Khan; half the nation was put to the torch, while Béla was reduced to fighting running skirmishes and counting himself lucky to scamper away each time in the other half of the Kingdom.
		They long served Austria and the Empire and were raised to the status of Princes of the Holy Roman Empire in 1608.
		To Switzerland thereafter (Bellinzona district to 1798, Canton of Lugano 1798-1803, Canton of Ticino from 1803.)
	www.hostkingdom.net /centeuro.html (1696 words)

	The “Habsburg Jaw”
		f the many attributes identified with the Habsburg dynasty it is the hereditary over-grown jaw (mandibular prognathism) that captures the most attention.It is clearly visible in many of the increasing natural portraits of the family from the Renaissance and after, and also is seen on coinage of the period.
		Certainly the very high degree of intermarriage between the various branches of the Habsburgs greatly contributed to the prevalence of the problem (The Spanish king Carlos II is pictured at the left).
		The likely conclusion for the Habsburgs is that the gene is still present but weak and recessive.
	www.antiquesatoz.com /habsburg/habsburg-jaw.htm (640 words)

	Austria-Hungary - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Jászi, Oszkár The Dissolution of the Habsburg Monarchy, Chicago : University of Chicago Press, 1966.
		Macartney, Carlile Aylmer The Habsburg Empire, 1790–1918, New York, Macmillan 1969.
		Sked Alan The Decline And Fall of the Habsburg Empire, 1815–1918, London : Longman, 1989.
	www.a013.com /wiki/Austria-Hungary (4191 words)

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