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Topic: Lepcha language

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	Lepcha - LoveToKnow 1911
		A peace-loving people, the Lepchas have been repeatedly conquered by surrounding hill-tribes, and their ancient patriarchal customs are dying out.
		The total number of speakers of Lepcha, or Rong, in all India in 1g01, was only 19,291.
		Their rich and beautiful language has been preserved from extinction by the efforts of General Mainwaring and others; but their literature was almost entirely destroyed by the Tibetans, and their traditions are being rapidly forgotten.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Lepcha (137 words)

	THE LEPCHAS, THE BHUTIAS AND THE NEPALESE
		The Lepchas speak the language lepcha, although this language is not very well developed but is rich in vocabulary related to the flora and fauna of Sikkim.
		The polyandry marriages are permitted amongst the Lepchas.
		The language spoken by the bhutias is sikkimese.
	nbtourism.tripod.com /lepchas.htm (482 words)

	Himalayan Travel Trade Journal:Sikkim Feature
		The population of Sikkim is 540,000, mainly consisting of Nepalese, Lepchas and Bhutias.
		The Lepchas are the earliest settlers of Sikkim.
		The Lepcha language is one of the 11 official languages recognized by the Sikkim government, and is taught up to the high school level.
	www.httj.com.np /august/sikkim_feature.htm (2134 words)

	Feature
		Regarding their origin, the anthropologists and historians are still debating whether the Lepchas belong to one of the Naga tribes or are associated with the Jimdars and Mech in their eastward migration from Nepal.
		The Lepchas themselves are convinced that their home has always been the legendary kingdom of Mayel in the vicinity of Mt. Kangchendzonga.
		The Lepcha language is one of the eleven official languages recognized by the Sikkim government and is taught up to the high school level.
	pib.nic.in /feature/feyr2003/fdec2003/f051220031.html (961 words)

	Phrasebase - Lepcha Language Facts And Information
		'Lepcha' is the name of both people and language.
		Language of instruction in some schools in Sikkim.
		This is just for fun, base your vote on factors such as ease of learning, ease of pronouncing, the sounds and tones, how appealing it sounds, how effective and convenient it is to communicate in and express what is on your mind.
	www.phrasebase.com /languages/index.php?cat=219 (188 words)

	:: Government Hospital Namchi :: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The Lepchas also call themselves as Rongkup (Children of Rong) followed Bongthing and worshipped the spirits of mountains, forests and rivers that is to say nature in general.
		The Lepchas are mongoloid in appearance with oblique eyes small in stature and fair in complexion who are amiable, cheerful, hospitable, shy, good humoured, sociable, indolent, docile and peace loving.
		The language of Lepchas is recognised by the Government of Sikkim and is taught up to Graduate level.
	www.govthospitalnamchi.net /namchi/people.html (1266 words)

	Lepcha (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The Lepcha are the aboriginal inhabitants of the Kingdom of Sikkim, which was annexed by India in 1975.
		Their language is unmistakably a member of the Tibeto-Burman language family, but its exact position within the family has always presented a dilemma to comparative linguists.
		It is her object to write the first, comprehensive modern description of the Lepcha language.
	iias.leidenuniv.nl /host/himalaya/individ/lepcha.html (181 words)

	Lepcha language Information
		Lepcha (ISO/DIS 639-3: lep) is a language spoken by the Lepcha community in Sikkim in India, and parts of Nepal and Bhutan.
		The Lepcha script (also known as "róng") is a syllabic script which has a lot of special marks and requires ligatures.
		Lepcha is considered to be one of the aboriginal languages of the area in which it is spoken.
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Lepcha_language (81 words)

	Lepchas and their Tradition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		In Meiti, one of the ethnic languages of manipur, it is Khurum-jari !
		Lepcha tradition says that a bull was decapitated and a solemn oath was sworn over the blood that the Lepchas and the Tibetan would never fight but live as blood brothers an peace and harmony and if any of the two do not keep this sacred covenant, curse will befall upon him and his descendants.
		The Lepchas believed that Thikoongtek and Nyikongngal, the High Priest and the High Priestess of the Lepchas who solemnized the sacred covenant at Kabi Laong Tsaok are said to be still living in the Yahom Valley which lies under the slopes of Kongchen Choo(Mt.Kongchen), meaning the crooked shaped mountain.
	sikkim.nic.in /north/html/lepcha.htm (1843 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The language for which the script was originally invented is a ``mono-syllabic'' type language.
		The language known as Tai Lu is in use in northern Thailand and in Yunnan province of China.
		The Ugaritic language is Semitic, variously regarded by scholars as being a distinct language related to Akkadian and Canaanite, or a Canaanite dialect.
	www.unicode.org /Public/TEXT/UTR-3.TXT (12590 words)

	The Sino-Tibetan Language Family
		The Tibeto-Burman part of the name refers to 389 languages spoken from the Tibetan plateau in the north to the Malay peninsula in the south, and from northern Pakistan in the west ti northeastern Vietnam in the east.
		The ancestral Proto-Sino-Tibetan language* is thought to have originated somewhere in the Himalayan plateau, the source of the great rivers of East and Southeast Asia, including the Yellow, Yangtze, Mekong, Brahmaputra, and Irrawaddy.
		With the exception of Karen languages, all Tibeto-Burman languages are agglutinative languages that use postpositions to mark grammatical relationships.
	www.nvtc.gov /lotw/months/may/SinoTibetanLanguageFamily.htm (847 words)

	Partnership between UNESCO, Discovery Communications, Inc. and UN Works Programme: UNESCO Culture Sector
		The Lepcha language is spoken in Sikkim and Darjeeling district in West Bengal of India.
		The Naso (Teribe) language is spoken in the northwestern area of Panama, on the bank of the River Teribe, in the Kingdom of Naso.
		The Bunuba language is spoken in Western Australia, from the township of Fitzroy Crossing in the Kimberley region, north along the Fitzroy River to Jijidju (Diamond Gorge) and to Miluwindi (King Leopold Ranges) and Napier Range in the west.
	portal.unesco.org /culture/en/ev.php-URL_ID=8285&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html (2980 words)

	Heleen Plaisier (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Lepcha is a Tibeto-Burman language spoken in Sikkim, Darjeeling and in an enclave in south-western Bhutan.
		Fourth, the Lepcha copulas and the verb-final auxiliary <-ma> will be tentatively related to cognate etyma in other Tibeto-Burman languages.
		Plaisier then commenced her field investigations of the Lepcha language in Darjeeling and Sikkim under the auspices of the Himalayan Languages Project of Leiden University, where she is currently writing a Lepcha grammar with lexicon and texts as a doctoral dissertation.
	iias.leidenuniv.nl /host/himalaya/hls/pla.html (259 words)

	Tibeto-Burmese Branch of the Sino-Tibetan Language Family
		number of highly differentiated languages spoken from the Tibetan plateau in the north to the Malay peninsula in the south, and from northern Pakistan in the west to northeastern Vietnam in the east.
		The existence of the Tibeto-Burmese language group was proposed in the 1850's when it was noticed that words in written Tibetan were similar to their counterparts in written Burmese.
		Ethnologue lists 389 separate Tibeto-Burmese languages, but Matisoff estimates that the number of separate languages may actually be closer to 250 with the other languages being variants of the same language.
	www.nvtc.gov /lotw/months/may/TibetoBurmeseBranch.htm (699 words)

	The Lepchas
		The Lepchas also call themselves as Rongkup (Children of Rong) followed Bongthing and worshipped the spirits of mountains, forests and rivers that is to say nature in general.
		The Lepchas are mongoloid in appearance with oblique eyes small in stature and fair in complexion who are amiable, cheerful, hospitable, shy, good humoured, sociable, indolent, docile and peace loving.
		The language of Lepchas is recognised by the Government of Sikkim and is taught up to Graduate level.
	sikkimipr.org /GENERAL/PEOPLE/PEOPLE.HTM (1344 words)

	sikkim info - People and Culture of Sikkim
		Their language (also known as Rong) is highly developed and one of the few tribes to reconize the value of education and, even today, boast of some highly educated individuals.
		The language, according to philologists, falls under the Tibeto-Burman group of languages spoken by tribes inhabiting the sub-Himalayan region of the Tibeto-Burman curve of the Himalayas.
		One of the major festivals of Lepcha is Namsoong or popularly called as Lossong which marks the beginning of the New year.It is the farmers New Year for this is usually the time when the farmers rejoice and celebrate their harvest.
	www.sikkiminfo.net /lepcha.htm (1213 words)

	List of Publications on Language Data (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		However, the language list of the 1971 census which provides the frame of reference for the present study, was found to be more suitable, for it was the latest as far as language statistics was concerned but more importantly it defined ‘language” in terms of broad demo- and geolinguistic units.
		Excluding foreign languages and a few others of doubtful linguistic status, a total number of 96 languages were surveyed, of which 50 were found to be written and the rest unwritten.
		Language in education is an obvious corollary to language expansion.
	www.censusindia.net /cendat/language/publications.html (1766 words)

	Peaceful Societies
		Lepchas will, on unusual occasions, punish their children severely if they commit serious infractions of their rules such as stealing, ruining someone's property, lying, quarreling, or acting in an insulting manner.
		Lepchas believe that quarreling is the result of the evil actions of three spirits, or devils: Soo-moong (enmity of speech), Ge-moong (enmity of thought), and Thor-moong (enmity of action).
		Lepchas are very generous with one another: whenever Geoffrey Gorer, an anthropologist, gave one person, adult or child, a gift that could be divided, such as a pack of cigarettes, the recipient would carefully divide the contents with everyone else present.
	www.peacefulsocieties.org /Society/Lepchas.html (810 words)

	Mother’s loved ones \| Hard News
		The Lepcha are the aboriginal inhabitants of Sikkim wedged between the kingdoms of Nepal and Bhutan but they have become a minority in their own tribal homelands.
		To understand the true significance of the Lepchas’ nature worship, one has to know the divinity of the “Long Chok” or the upright stones that the Lepchas use in every act of venerating, worshipping, and invoking the gods, in appeasing the devils and demons, and in sanctifying worldly acts.
		Life of the Lepchas is based on tradition, which has its taproot in localised knowledge, which is zealously guarded and kept alive because it is embodied in the ritualistic life cycle of the Lepchas.
	www.hardnewsmedia.com /portal/2006/07/523 (1263 words)

	Tradewings Travel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The customs and rituals of Sikkim are as diverse as the ethnic groups that inhabit the land; The Lepchas - essentially children of the forests, the Bhutias and the Nepalese.
		The Lepchas speak the language lepcha, although this language is not very well developed but is rich in vocabulary related to the flora & fauna of Sikkim.
		The Nepali language is spoken and understood all over the state.
	www.tradewingstravel.com /sikkim/sikkimculture.jsp (873 words)

	www.kalimpong.info » 2006 » April
		Kalimpong, April 11: Shanta Bahadur Chettri (35), an accused in the murder of C.K. Pradhan, was arrested from Barbot yesterday by officers of the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI).
		Lepcha, a retired Central Intelligence Department employee, is an acclaimed Lepcha scholar and was given the Bhasha Samman Award 2002 by Sahitya Akademi.
		It was released by D.P. Pattanayek (former director of Central Institute of Indian Languages, Mysore) on March 26 at Asiatic Society, Calcutta, during a three-day national seminar on languages and literature of the Northeast.
	www.kalimpong.info /2006/04 (665 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The Etruscan and Oscan languages are unrelated, Oscan being an Italic language similar to Latin and Etruscan being imperfectly known and of uncertain linguistic affiliation.
		The language known as Tai Lu is in use in northern Thailand and in Yunnan province of China.
		The Ugaritic language is Semitic, variously regarded by scholars as being a distinct language related to Akkadian and Canaanite, or a Canaanite dialect.
	sunsite.lanet.lv /ftp/mirror/unicode/TEXT/UTR-3.TXT (12590 words)

	Tibeto-Burman languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The subfamily includes approximately 350 languages; Burmese has the most speakers (approximately 32 million).
		Approximately six million Tibetans speak one of several related languages.
		Following is a partial listing of Tibeto-Burman languages.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tibeto-Burman_languages (58 words)

	Encyclopedia of Cultures in Tibet and the Himalayas
		Their rich diversity and interpenetration defies any cut and dry model, and it is impossible in particular to present simple regional areas that correlate directly to specific cultural groups.
		The Lepcha are an ethnic group of eastern Nepal and Sikkim in India who speak a Tibeto-Burman language of the same name.
		According to the 2001 census of Nepal, 2,826 people speak Lepcha as a mother tongue and there are 3,660 ethnic Lepcha registered in Nepal.
	www.thdl.org /xml/show.php?xml=/collections/cultgeo/cultures/index.xml&l=4 (2711 words)

	Lepcha (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The Lepcha (also called the Rong) are the aboriginal inhabitants of Sikkum, India.
		Traditionally, the Lepcha are hunters and gatherers, but now show signs of farming and cattle breeding.
		The Lepcha still retain their beliefs of spirits and shaman, who communicate with the gods, cure disease, and watch over the ceremonies of birth, marriage, and death.
	www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/cultural/oldworld/middle_east/lepcha.html (140 words)

	THEORY OF LINGUISTIC DERIVATION: CONTINUING STUDY
		Menomini is the only language I have observed, to date, in which there is one voiced fricative allophone of one phoneme that does not occur in all instances of the phoneme sequence in which it does occur.
		The Menomini language was classified as a language in which voiced fricative phones were rare because it is the only language known to the author in which a voiced fricative allophone occurs, but does not occur in every instance of the the phonetic sequence in which it does occur.
		The language of the three groups includes voiced fricative allophones, and the numerically largest group, the Yavapai, was, according to my evaluation, based on the observations of the three tribes by anthropologists, the most violent.
	www.tc.umn.edu /~reed0180/page4.html (10972 words)

	GUMPHA LEASE OF LIFE Date – 21/01/2005
		The Kurseong Tribal Lepcha association has decided that they would build a monastery and study centre in the outskirts of the town to alive their tradition, their culture and their language.
		Our culture, tradition and language are fading away because we can not properly perform our rituals or ceremonies due to unavailability of place.
		Lepcha said, “The process to build a gumpha for the Lepcha community was under our discursion and for we tried to seek help from other sources but were turned around.
	www.east-himalaya.com /news/2005/jan/21010501n.htm (204 words)

	Forum - Nieuwsbrief Faculteit der Letteren - Universiteit Leiden
		The endangered Lepcha language is spoken in Sikkim and Darjeeling district in West Bengal of India, in the Ilam disctrict of Nepal and in a small enclave in south-western Bhutan, altogether by upwards of 50,000 people.
		Lepcha is unmistakably a member of the Tibeto-Burman language group, but its exact position within the language group is still an open question.
		The described collection of manuscripts written in the Lepcha language is by far the largest collection of its kind in the world.
	www.let.leidenuniv.nl /forum/04_3/bibliotheek/1a.htm (318 words)

	Indologica
		The Lepcha language has been shrouded in a veil of tantalising mystique ever since Colonel George Mainwaring in the 1870s disseminated the myth that Lepcha was the most perfect of tongues and represented the primordial language of men and fairies.
		She published a descriptive catalogue of the extensive collection of old Lepcha manuscripts at Leiden in 2003 and is currently working on a critical edition of an unpublished late nineteenth-century Lepcha dictionary.
		Their language is Rabha, a member of the Tibeto-Burman language family.
	indologica.blogg.de /index.php?tag=27&monat=2&jahr=2007 (366 words)

	States India - Sikkim, Tourism in Sikkim, Travel Sikkim, Tours Sikkim, Holidays Sikkim
		The Lepchas and the Bhutias who came from the regions of Tibet settled in Sikkim.
		They are the Lepchas, the Bhutia, the Nepali and the plainsmen.
		The oldest inhabitants are the Rongs or Lepchas who migrated via Assam to this mountain state.
	www.indiatraveltrendz.com /sikkim.htm (868 words)

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