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Topic: Les Six

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Erik Satie

Germaine Tailleferre

Francis Poulenc

Jean Marais

Darius Milhaud

Arthur Honegger

Jean Cocteau

Le Havre

Music of France

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	Les Six - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Les Six is a name, inspired by The Five, given in 1920 by critic Henri Collet to a group of six composers working in Montparnasse whose music is often seen as a reaction against Wagnerism and Impressionism.
		After World War I, Jean Cocteau and Les Six began to frequent Le Boeuf sur le Toit (The Ox on the Roof), which was named after a work by Milhaud.
		Les Mariés de la Tour Eiffel (1921) – collaboration project by Milhaud - Auric - Tailleferre - Honneger - Poulenc, on a scenario by Cocteau.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Les_Six (861 words)

	Les Six (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Les Six is a name given by critic Henri Collet to a group of six composers working in Montparnasse in the 1920s whose music was primarily a reaction against Wagnerism and Impressionism.
		It was this concert that gave Erik Satie the idea of assembling a group of composers around himself to be known as the "Nouveaux Jeunes", forerunners of Les Six.
		The artists of "Les Six" collectively championed the avant-garde and surrealism in music and the arts.
	www.encyclopedia-1.com /l/le/les_six.html (433 words)

	Sleeve Notes - L'Album des Six
		'Les cinq russes, les six français, et Erik Satie': so it was that in January 1920 Henri Collet, in a spirit of one-upmanship (and possibly short of an idea for his column in the arts journal, Comoedia), mooted the idea of 'Les Six'.
		In so far as 'Les Six' had a unified aesthetic, it stood for French neoclassicism and, by implication, an anarchic rejection of all that was deemed to come from the over-ripe, Germanic romanticism of Wagner.
		Although 'Les Six' existed formally only across 1920/21, its members somewhat unusually collaborated in two ventures: the wonderfully surreal divertissement of Les Mariés de la Tour Eiffel of 1921 (though Durey, feigning illness, had already declined to be involved with this) and the miniature Album des Six, for piano (1920).
	www.hyperion-records.co.uk /notes/67204.html (1777 words)

	Germaine Tailleferre - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It was in the Montparnasse atelier of one of her painter friends where the initial idea for Les Six began.
		Les Six did not ever cease to exist, they simply took their own individual paths that they had annonced from the beginning.
		The legacy of Les Six is present even today in their surviving children, spouses and associates.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Germaine_Tailleferre (1887 words)

	Backstage Pass: Faculty Recital by Michel Debost and Monique Duphil to Showcase Works
		Les Six was comprised of Taillefaire, a woman of simple, poetic style; Honegger, who wrote the famous "Danse de la Chevre;" Auric of the Paris Opera; Durey who later moved to the south of France; Poulenc and Milhaud, both friends of mine."
		Initiated in 1920, Les Six was dedicated to recasting the arts of Paris in a new spirit of simplicity and structure which paralleled the work of Picasso and Braque, the music of Satie, and the poems of Cocteau and Apollinaire.
		The six young composers were assembled, somewhat serendipitously, when the well-known French critic Henri Collet published an article in the Comoedia (1920) entitled "Five Russians and Six Frenchmen." Not knowing that this particular phrase would generate such worldwide attention, the young journalist suddenly became the arbiter of a new era.
	www.oberlin.edu /con/bkstage/200002/lessix.html (642 words)

	Six, Les
		Le ministre allemand des Finances, Hans Eichel Les six principaux instituts de conjoncture en Allemagne prévoient une repr.
		Les ruines fumantes d'une des deux tours du WTC Les Américains commémoreront lundi, avec une émotion particulière, les six.
		Les deux spectres de lumière représentant les tours jumelles Six mois après, l'Amérique a commémoré lundi avec émotion les.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/ent/A0921691.html (302 words)

	XXth Century -- ''Les Six'', Satie, and Cocteau
		Even before Les Six were launched in January 1920 by Cocteau and music critic Henri Collet, Satie had heralded the new trend with compositions like the ballet Parade in 1917.
		The group was officially named Les Six on January 16, 1920, although it had begun to come together in 1918.
		Shortly afterward, in 1923, he remarked, "Les Six are Auric, Milhaud and Poulenc." In the same year the composer of Parade inspired another movement called the Arcueil School.
	www.scena.org /lsm/sm6-1/coq-en.html (1170 words)

	Six, Les. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		They were united by their adverse reactions to the extravagant impressionism of French composers such as Claude Debussy and Maurice Ravel and the overwrought romanticism of Germans such as Richard Wagner and Richard Strauss.
		Inspired by the cool, abstract, and relatively unadorned compositions of Erik Satie and by the works of Jean Cocteau, their literary prophet and spokesman, Les Six attempted to write in a more simplified, sophisticated, and often jazzily rhythmic fashion.
		Les Six consisted of Arthur Honegger, Darius Milhaud, Francis Poulenc, Georges Auric (1899–1983), Louis Durey (1888–1979), and Germaine Tailleferre (1892–1983), the group’s only woman.
	www.bartleby.com /65/si/SixLes.html (185 words)

	MPR: How "Les Six" became the most recognizable brand in French music
		It would be another two years—April 5, 1919—before all six of The Six would appear on the same concert program, again in the homely digs of the Lyre et Palette.
		His review bore the headline "Les Cinq Russes, les Six Français et Satie." The inclusion of Satie was a nice bit of knowing respect, like citing Muddy Waters when you mention the Stones.
		Immediately, they were known as the collective "Les Six." Never mind that they were all distinct artists, highly diverse in their tastes and interests and influences.
	news.minnesota.publicradio.org /features/2005/05/28_morelockb_lessix (858 words)

	Les Six
		Les Six is a name given by critic Henri Collet to a group of six composers working in
		Despite the elements the six composers had in common, there differences were far greater, and by the 1920s each was pursuing solo careers on their own.
		Louis Durey joined Les Six by accident, it seems, little aware that the artistic group he was joining were in fact creating a music association based on little more than friendship.
	www-scf.usc.edu /~sniles/les_six.htm (636 words)

	The Six Systems of Indian Philosophy
		The six systems of Hindu philosophy are concerned with intellectual analysis and sharpening of 'reason' necessary to comprehend the true nature of self, God, and universe.
		There are certain common features to these six systems of thought; first and foremost is that they accept the authority of the Vedas, the feature that distinguishes them from philosophical schools of Buddhism and Jainism.
		All the six schools believe in the 'Law of Karma', rebirth, and attainment of Moksha/Liberation as the highest goal of human struggle.
	www.geocities.com /neovedanta/a80.html (1070 words)

	Les Six -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Les Six were Darius Milhaud, Francis Poulenc, Arthur Honegger, Georges Auric, Louis Durey, and Germaine Tailleferre.
		Baudelaire's poetic masterpiece, the 1861 edition of Les Fleurs du mal, consists of 126 poems arranged in six sections of varying length.
		The French poet, novelist, critic, and journalist Théophile Gautier exerted a strong influence in the period of changing sensibilities in French literature—from the early Romantic period to the aestheticism and naturalism of the end of the 19th century.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9068041 (745 words)

	Explanations
		Milhaud, Darius (1892-1974), French composer and member of Les Six, born in Aix-en-Provence, and educated at the Paris Conservatoire.
		Among the best known of his more than 400 compositions are the ballets Le boeuf sur le toit (1920) and La création du monde (1923), the opera Christophe Colomb (1930), and the orchestral piece Suite provençale (1937).
		Six, Les (French, “The Six”), group of six French composers who were termed Les Six after a critical article compared their work with that of the Russian group of composers known as The Five.
	members.aol.com /Owainc/explanations.html (1226 words)

	Cocteau, Satie & Les Six on CD from LTM (Salon)
		The focus of this CD is the relationship between Les Six and their principal sponsors, Jean Cocteau and Erik Satie.
		In 1918 Cocteau produced his mischievous pamphlet Le Coq et l'arlequin (Cockerel and Harlequin), which would come to be regarded as a quasi-manifesto for the new musical grouping, gradually swelled to six by the addition of Germaine Tailleferre, Darius Milhaud and Frances Poulenc.
		While Les Six were to some extent pranksters, the sole links were their presence in the city at approximately the same time, and the fact that Auric briefly sat on a 'congress' organised by Andre Breton in 1922.
	www.ltmpub.freeserve.co.uk /lessixbio.html (1992 words)

	Les Six (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Les Nouveaux Jeunes would be changed but it would end up with Darius Milhaud, Francis Poulenc, Arthur Honegger, Louis Durey, Germaine Tailleferre, and George Auric.
		Arthur Honegger was one of Les Six's founders.
		Germaine Talleferre was the only woman in Les Six and maybe because of that she is one of the most recorded.
	www.stclement.pvt.k12.il.us /music/lessix.html (290 words)

	Jean Cocteau, Erik Satie and Les Six - VARIOUS ARTISTS - - Salon / LTM - -
		LES SIX and the avant garde of Paris music in 1917 are excitingly outside my experience, and LTM (Albeit on specialist imprint Salon) are so consistently the source of musical delights that I knew I was in for an education if not a treat.
		Francis Poulenc (One of LES SIX) denounced their one important collaborative work as "shit" and pretty well everybody fell out with everybody else.
		The first six pieces (One short and pithy work from each composer of LES SIX) take up the first section.
	www.whisperinandhollerin.com /reviews/review.asp?id=2254 (699 words)

	Springtime in Paris: Erik Satie & Les Six, from Minnesota Public Radio Music
		The cultural rebelliousness lit by Cocteau and driven by Satie spawned the next batch of eccentrics from which Les Six, a new musical avant-garde led by Satie and consisting of Darius Milhaud, Francis Poulenc, Arthur Honegger, Louis Durey, Germaine Tailleferre, and Georges Auric, was born.
		Les Six: Brief biographies of the group, along with notable quotes, images, and links.
		Ballet, Literature and Film: Discover how Satie and Les Six both influenced and were influenced by these other forms of creative expression.
	music.minnesota.publicradio.org /features/0003_satie (477 words)

	Facts about topic: (Les Six) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		One of the most successful of the collaborative projects, which was also the last one Satie was involved in, the Relâche (additional info and facts about Relâche) /Entr'acte (additional info and facts about Entr'acte) production, had only a limited Groupe des Six input.
		Parade (A ceremonial procession including people marching) – Satie, and some noise-making instruments added by Cocteau (no direct relation with Les Six: composed and premiered before the first ideas about the Nouveaux Jeunes emerged, by people that would never formally be members of the Groupe des Six: Satie, Cocteau, Picasso, Ballets Russes)
		Gnossiennes – Satie (as 19th century compositions no relation with Les Six: the Nouveaux Jeunes were initiated by Satie because Ravel's original Jeunes had no interest in Satie's post-Schola compositions, which puts these 19th century compositions completely out of the picture for the Groupe des Six)
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/l/le/les_six.htm (793 words)

	Wikinfo \| Les Six
		Les Six is a name given by the Paris, France critic Henri Collet to a group of six composers working in Montparnasse in the 1920s whose music was primarily a reaction against Wagnerism and Impressionism.
		The bar was named after a work by Darius Mihaud and on its opening night the pianist Jean Wiéner played tunes by George Gershwin and Vincent Youmans while Cocteau and Milhaud played percussion.
		Images, some of which are used under the doctrine of Fair use or used with permission, may not be available.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Les_Six (355 words)

	CD Baby: MARIA LAGIOS, SOPRANO ELIZABETH BUCCHERI, PIANO: Songs of Les Six
		A collection of Les Six mélodies reflecting the French aestetic in the early 1920's espousing clarity in melody, texture and form as well as poignancy, charm and wit in the poetry.
		Arthur Honegger, born in Le Havre of Swiss parents, was the symphonist of the group.
		He is best remembered for two early works: Le bouef sur le toit, a superbly constructed orchestral rondo originally conceived as a ballet score; and La création du monde, one of the earliest and most successful attempts to blend jazz with a classical idiom.
	www.cdbaby.com /cd/lagios?cdbaby=cc575c434e15a6eceacdff1bf74d51fc (1163 words)

	Arthur Honegger was a composer born in Le Havre on March 10, 1892
		Along with being a noted lecturer, conductor, and accompanist, he was also a member of Les Six which was a group of composers who were against Romantic music.
		These six composer’s (Honegger, Auric, Durey, Milhaud, Poulenc, and Taille Ferre) formation was a direct result of an essay by Henri Callet.
		Les Six stayed together only a few years until the group broke up and each composer went his own separate way.
	www.easternx.com /honegger.htm (835 words)

	Springtime in Paris: Les Six
		She was a student of Darius Milhaud, and was one of the latecomers to Les Six.
		Music of Les Six: This Classical.Net site gives a detailed review of Les Maris de la Tour Eiffel, the closest thing to a collective work performed by Les Six.
		Opera: A Philatelic History: Brief information about the members of Les Six, accompanied by images of postage stamps bearing their portraits.
	music.minnesota.publicradio.org /features/0003_satie/lessix.shtml (790 words)

	Provence Web Six Fours les Plages Home
		A charming Provençal resort, Six Fours les Plages shows you what living is like in the south between the forest and the sea.
		The Collegiate Church of St. Pierre XI near Fort de Six Fours, and the pre-Romanesque chapel Notre Dame de Pepiole (6th c.) are of great historical interest.
		On the top of Cap Sicié (358m.) at Notre Dame du Mai, there is a wonderful panarama of both the inland and the coast from Cassis to Toulon.
	www.provenceweb.fr /e/var/sixfours/sixfours.htm (298 words)

	Classical Net Review - Music by Les Six
		Most of Les Six also wrote music that showed their depths as well as their humor.
		The texts don't look especially promising, but I suspect Milhaud was also inspired by the pictures, for he talks of "the beauty of these great multicoloured metal insects." They inspired Milhaud to his version of pastoralism, to find the kinship of mechanized agribusiness with "the painful plough" and Vergil's Georgics.
		Use of text, images, or any other copyrightable material contained in these pages, without the written permission of the copyright holder, except as specified in the Copyright Notice, is strictly prohibited.
	www.classical.net /music/recs/reviews/m/mpl23788a.html (1085 words)

	BBC - Music / Features - Paris in the 1920s, Music (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		It was to be based on simplicity, clarity and humour and inspired by popular Parisian entertainment - the sounds of the fairs and circuses, musical-hall and cabaret singers, the syncopated dance music coming from America, and notably the sounds of everyday life - sirens, machinery, steamships, typewriters.
		The group of musicians surrounding Cocteau at this time were known as Les Nouveau Jeunes of which Satie was a member during 1918.
		By 1920 the group of six composers had transformed into Les Six and become a prominent force in Parisian musical life.
	www.bbc.co.uk /music/features/paris/music.shtml (717 words)

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