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Topic: Leslie Orgel

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	Orgel, Leslie E. - Early Ideas in the History of Quantum Chemistry.
		Orgel's work in the Chemical Evolution Laboratory is in nucleotide chemistry and is mainly concerned with non-enzymatic polymerization reactions that depend on the formation of double-helical complexes between a preformed polynucleotide template and one or more complementary mononucleotide or polynucleotide substrates.
		Orgel is the recipient of the Harrison Prize, the Evans Award (Ohio State University), and the U.C. Urey Medal (International Society for the Study of the Origin of Life).
		Orgel is a fellow of the Royal Society and a member of the National Academy of Sciences.
	www.quantum-chemistry-history.com /Orgel1.htm (0 words)

	Salk Institute
		Leslie Orgel, professor, studies evolution and how life began on Earth more than 4 billion years ago.
		During its studies, Orgel’s lab came across an economical way to make cytosine arabinoside, a compound that is one of today’s most commonly used anti-cancer agents.
		Orgel currently is searching for the precursor to RNA, the molecule that handles much of the information processing of cells and is believed to have been the first molecule to self-replicate and invent protein synthesis, essential to life.
	www.salk.edu /faculty/faculty/details.php?id=39 (116 words)

	Orgel, Leslie E. (1927-)
		Orgel, Leslie E. London-born senior fellow and research professor at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies, San Diego, whose research has focused on the chemical evolution of life.
		Orgel, together with Carl Woese and Francis Crick, was among the original group of scientists in the 1960s to suggest that RNA rather than DNA acted as the first replicative molecule, and continues to explore possible modes of protobiological evolution within the "RNA world" scenario today.
		Orgel was a member of the Viking molecular analysis team and, in 1998, chaired the Task Group on Sample Return from Small Solar System Bodies, a committee convened to make recommendations for protocols to avoid back-contamination.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/O/Orgel.html (241 words)

	RNA researcher Leslie Orgel to lecture (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Orgel is a senior fellow and research professor at The Salk Institute for Biological Studies in San Diego -- a position he has held since 1964.
		Orgel's research explores the functions and properties of RNA (ribonucleic acid), specifically addressing this issue: The primitive Earth, formed about 4.6 billion years ago, was a very inhospitable place, yet within a billion years, micro-organisms similar to modern algae were thriving.
		Orgel has been honored with a Guggenheim Fellowship (1971) and the H.C. Urey Medal from the International Society for the Study of the Origin of Life (1993).
	record.wustl.edu /archive/1996/02-29-96/5672.html (284 words)

	Orgel's rule
		According to the evolutionary biologist[?] Leslie Orgel[?], "Evolution is cleverer than you are".
		This is known as Orgel's Second Rule, and is intended as a rejoinder to the argument by lack of imagination.
		The same principle has been applied to software developed by evolution by group collaboration, as opposed to software built to a pre-ordained design that was created without reference to previous implementation.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/or/Orgel's_rule.html (64 words)

	IS THERE LIFE ELSEWHERE, AND DID IT COME HERE? - New York Times
		It was natural for me to ask Leslie Orgel, one of the leading researchers on the organic chemical steps that led to the origin of life on Earth, to attend, along with his colleague Francis Crick.
		Orgel, that sections of DNA are devoted to perpetuating their own existence rather than that of the organism they inhabit and control.
		Orgel's own laboratory shows that there are plausible means for the spontaneous formation of short chains of nucleotides to synthesize molecular systems that know how, under the right conditions, to make identical copies of themselves.
	query.nytimes.com /gst/fullpage.html?res=9500E6DE1738F93AA15752C1A967948260&sec=&pagewanted=all (1979 words)

	Component of volcanic gas may have played a significant role in the origins of life on Earth
		In the latest issue of the journal Science, Leman, Ghadiri, and Orgel suggest that the missing link is a chemical component of volcanic gas known as carbonyl sulfide.
		Orgel, who is a long-time investigator in the field, has done pioneering research on the prebiotic chemistry of nucleotides.
		The article, "Carbonyl Sulfide—Mediated Prebiotic Formation of Peptides" by Luke Leman, Leslie Orgel, and M. Reza Ghadiri, appears in the October 8, 2004 issue of the journal Science.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2004-10/sri-cov100704.php (944 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Leslie Orgel
		Leslie Eleazer Orgel (born Jan 12 1927 in London) is a chemist.
		During the 1970s, Orgel suggested reconsidering the Panspermia hypothesis, according to which the earliest forms of life on earth did not originate here, but arrived from outer space with meteorites.
		For NASA, Orgel co-developed the analysis instrumentation, that the Viking space robots took to the planet Mars.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Leslie_Orgel (0 words)

	Leslie Orgel
		Leslie Eleazer Orgel (born Jan 12, 1927 in London) is; a chemist.
		During the 1970s, Orgel suggested reconsidering the Panspermia hypothesis, according to which the earliest forms of life on earth did not originate here, but arrived from outer space with meteorites.
		In his book The Origins of Life, Orgel coined the concept of specified complexity, to describe the criterion by which living organisms are distinguished from non-living matter.
	leslie-orgel.zdnet.co.za /zdnet/Leslie_Orgel (969 words)

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	muziekinstrumenten.tweedehands.net /orgels (0 words)

	The Origin of Life
		Leslie Orgel discusses the scientific controversy between the geneticists (gene-first) versus metabolists (metabolism-first) in origin-of-life research.
		Leslie Orgel is one of the leading figures in origin-of-life research since many years, and he is one of several researchers who independently from each other proposed in the 1960s the RNA world as a precursor of the current DNA/protein world.
		Orgel reviews a lot of impressive chemistry yielding building blocks for life (with a considerable amount of the experiments over the last few decades having come from his own lab, published in leading journals), but he concludes that even just prebiotic synthesis of nucleotides is "unlikely" (nucleotides are the monomer precursors of oligonucleotides and polynucleotides).
	www.talkorigins.org /faqs/abioprob/originoflife.html (7900 words)

	Register of Leslie Orgel Papers - MSS 0176
		Papers of Leslie Orgel, chemist, molecular biologist and Senior Fellow and Research Professor at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies, where he directs the Chemical Evolution Laboratory.
		Orgel's research interests include nucleic acid chemistry, molecular evolution, prebiotic chemistry, and problems related to the origin of life.
		The Leslie Orgel Papers document research in nucleic acid chemistry and molecular evolution conducted between 1964 and 1991 at the Chemical Evolution Laboratory of the Salk Institute for Biological Studies.
	orpheus.ucsd.edu /speccoll/testing/html/mss0176a.html (4451 words)

	The Panda's Thumb: CSI, the original series...
		Orgel's book is an introductory discussion to the state of Origins of Life research and ideas at the date of writing.
		Orgel discusses the need we have to use "loaded" words that suggest intention, but that these are abbreviations of non-loaded terms, a point noted by Dawkins later on.
		Orgel ends by discussing - suprise, surprise - William Paley, and arguing that "the operation of natural selection, a completely random process, leads to the evolution of organisms that do seem to have been designed" (p196).
	www.pandasthumb.org /archives/2004/03/csi_the_origina.html (1481 words)

	The Scientist : Volcano gas, amino acids make peptides (Site not responding. Last check: )
		But, according to Leslie Orgel, of the Salk Institute for Biological Studies, another author of the paper, the reagents used up to now had been much less efficient than carbonyl sulfide at making peptides.
		To Orgel, however, the temperature was not what was relevant in his experiments.
		Orgel said that the researchers were not claiming to have found a solution for the problem of the origin of life.
	www.the-scientist.com /article/display/22442 (635 words)

	Quote: Leslie Orgel
		As evolutionist Leslie Orgel writes: "Modern cell membranes include channels and pumps which specifically control the influx and efflux of nutrients, waste products, metal ions and so on.
		The implication is that Orgel has stated a huge problem, for which he does not have a solution.
		Orgel could have mentioned that if you pour certain lipids into water, they self-assemble into hollow spheres about the size of a cell.
	www.don-lindsay-archive.org /creation/quote_orgel.html (0 words)

	Orgel
		Kozlov, Igor A.; Orgel, Leslie E (in press) "Oligomerization of deoxyguanosine 5’phosphoro-2-methylimidazolide on a polycytidylate template" Origins Life Evol.
		Gao, K.; Orgel, L.E. (2000) ‘A convenient synthesis of a novel nucleoside analogue: 4-(a -diformyl-methyl)-1-(b -D-ribofuranosyl)-2-pyrimidinone.’ Nucleosides and Nucleotides, 19: 935-940.
		Orgel, L.E. (2001) ‘The origin of biological information.’ Proceedings of the 11th Annual CSEOL Symposium, April 7, 2000, Publication XXX, 2001.
	exobio.ucsd.edu /orgel.htm (0 words)

	Leslie orgel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Start the Leslie orgel article or add a request for it.
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	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/leslie_orgel (123 words)

	Is Water on Mars a Nail in God's Coffin?
		Leslie Orgel is one of the most respected of the origin of life scientists who are searching for a way that life could have started without God.
		Orgel is pointing out that unless there is a way that nature can produce a pure enough form of the building blocks of protein, and of RNA, to be useful, it is hard to see how either one could go on to form a cell.
		By showing the difficulty of producing something as simple as useful amino acids in a way that might happen in nature, Orgel spotlights the problem of producing functional RNA which is almost infinitely more difficult.
	www.chick.com /bc/2004/mars.asp (0 words)

	Notes on Leslie Orgel
		Leslie Orgel and wife Alice live in La Jolla.
		It is widely reported that Orgel has written that life on earth came from space aliens.
		Orgel's contributions have been recognized throughout his career.
	www.spongobongo.com /em/nm/eme9921.htm (0 words)

	TSRI - News & Views
		Luke Leman, a member of the Kellogg School of Science and Technology at Scripps Research, is lead author of the October 8, 2004 paper in the journal Science.
		"Anybody who thinks they know the solution to this problem [of the origin of life] is deluded," says Leslie Orgel, "but anybody who thinks this is an insoluble problem is also deluded.
		Sources of carbonyl sulfide include hydrothermal vents, such as this mid-Atlantic ocean ridge fl smoker (top), and volcanic emissions, such as this plume erupting from Mount St. Helens last week (bottom).
	www.scripps.edu /newsandviews/e_20041011/ghadiri.html (0 words)

	Origin of Life on Earth by Leslie E. Orgel
		Growing evidence supports the idea that the emergence of catalytic RNA was a crucial early step.
		The National Aeronautics and Space Administration supports his extensive research on chemistry that may be relevant to the origin of life.
		When the earth formed some 4.6 billion years ago, it was a lifeless, inhospitable place.
	www.geocities.com /CapeCanaveral/Lab/2948/orgel.html (0 words)

	der Gebrauchtmarkt - Hammond.de
		Leslie 322 (kleines Leslie in Holz für XB-2 / XB-5 oder XK-2) Bestzustand
		Leslie 147 mit eingebautem Adapter-Kit zum Direktanschluss an 11-Pol-Orgeln (z.B. Hammond XB-5) technisch generalüberholt (neuer Hochton-Driver, neue Röhren usw.)
		Hammond Aurora 8022 mit Rolldeckel, schöne Perkussion, hochwertiger Sustain, mechanisches Leslie integriert.
	www.hammond.de /orgel-gebrauchtmarkt.html (0 words)

	BioMed Central \| My Life in Science
		Jack and I and Leslie [Orgel] and another crystallographer went to Cambridge by car.
		I went in with Jack and Leslie, into this room that was lined with brick, and there on the side I can remember very clearly was this small model with plates for the bases - the original model with everything screwed together.
		This was the first time I met him and of course he couldn't stop talking.
	www.biomedcentral.com /offers/brenner (0 words)

	Harun Yahya - The Secrets of DNA -
		It is extremely improbable that proteins and nucleic acids, both of which are structurally complex, arose spontaneously in the same place at the same time.
		Leslie Orgel, one of the associates of Stanley Miller and Francis Crick from the University of San Diego California, uses the term "scenario" for the possibility of "the origination of life through the RNA world".
		Orgel described what kind of features this RNA had to have and how impossible this was in her article titled "The Origin of Life" published in American Scientist in October 1994:
	www.harunyahya.com /dna03.php (0 words)

	The RNA World. by Brig Klyce
		In 1973, he and another eminent researcher into the origin of life, Leslie E. Orgel, published a paper advocating the theory of "Directed Panspermia" (6).
		At the Salk Institute for Biological Studies, in 1994, Leslie Orgel observes, "Because synthesizing nucleotides and achieving replication of RNA under plausible prebiotic conditions have proved so challenging, chemists are increasingly considering the possibility that RNA was not the first self replicating molecule..." (9).
		Orgel, Leslie E. "Evolution of the Genetic Apparatus: A Review," p 9-16, Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology, Volume LII: Evolution of Catalytic Function, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1987.
	www.panspermia.org /rnaworld.htm (0 words)

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		Hammond wird aufgefordert, sein Instrument nicht mehr als Orgel zu Bezeichnen und nicht mehr zu behaupten, daß die damit zu erzeugende Anzahl von Klangvariationen „unendlich“ sei.
		Die erste Orgel mit elektronischer Tonerzeugung, die Novachord.
		Seine 16 Grundrhythmusformen können somit auf 64 fortlaufend veränderbare Muster erweitert werden.
	www.hammond.de /geschichte-musik.html (0 words)

	MOLECULAR BIOLOGY: From Magnetic Mines to DNA and Consciousness -- Orgel 313 (5795): 1891 -- Science
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		Articles by Orgel, L. Find Citing Articles in:
		In this latest addition to the "Eminent Lives" series, the author offers nonspecialists a concise account of Crick's life and multi-disciplinary science.
	www.sciencemag.org /cgi/content/short/313/5795/1891 (0 words)

	ORIGIN OF LIFE: Enhanced: A Simpler Nucleic Acid -- Orgel 290 (5495): 1306 -- Science
		Home > Science Magazine > 17 November 2000 > Orgel, pp.
		As Orgel explains in his Perspective, the answer may be simpler nucleic acid polymers perhaps like the RNA analogs called (
		These molecules have threose rather than ribose in their sugar-phosphate backbones and yet retain many of the properties of RNA including the ability to pair up in double helices.
	www.sciencemag.org /cgi/content/summary/290/5495/1306 (0 words)

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