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Topic: Lesser Crested Tern

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	Sandwich Tern - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		The Sandwich Tern (Sterna sandvicensis) is a seabird of the tern family Sternidae.
		Unlike some of the smaller white terns, it is not very aggressive toward potential predators, relying on the sheer density of the nests (often only 20-30cm apart) and nesting close to other more aggressive species such as Arctic Terns and Black-headed Gulls to avoid predation.
		Chinese Crested Tern is the most similar to Sandwich, but has a reversal of the bill colour, yellow with a fl tip; it does not overlap in range with Sandwich Tern so confusion is unlikely.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Sandwich_Tern (459 words)

	Chinese Crested Tern - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Chinese Crested Tern (Sterna bernsteini) is a seabird of the tern family Sternidae, closely related to Sandwich Tern S.
		From Lesser Crested Tern, which it overlaps in wintering distribution, it can be told by the white rump and paler grey mantle, as well as the fl tip to the bill.
		The larger Greater Crested Tern is also similar, differing in the stouter, all-yellow bill and darker grey mantle and rump, as well as in size.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chinese_Crested_Tern (294 words)

	Farne Islands - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A longer-staying unusual visitor was "Elsie" the Lesser Crested Tern, who visited the Farnes every summer from 1984 to 1997; during that period, she (paired with a male Sandwich Tern) raised several hybrid chicks, and attracted several thousand birders keen to see this species in Britain.
		Lesser Crested Terns normally nest on islands off the coast of Libya and migrate to West Africa for the winter; it is thought that "Elsie" took a wrong turn at the Straits of Gibraltar on spring migration.
		An Arctic Tern from the Farnes, ringed as a chick not yet old enough to fly in summer 1982, reached Melbourne, Australia in October 1982, a sea journey of over 22,000 km (14,000 miles) in just three months from fledging.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Farne_Islands (1093 words)

	Birds in Backyards - Crested Tern (Sterna bergii) Fact sheet
		The Crested Tern is the second largest of the terns found in Australia and one of the most commonly seen species.
		The Crested Tern feeds mainly on small surface fish that are between 5 cm to 8 cm long.
		Crested Terns form large, noisy colonies on offshore islands, often with other terns or gulls.
	www.birdsinbackyards.net /finder/display.cfm?id=96 (351 words)

	Greater Crested Tern -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Greater Crested Tern, or Swift Tern, Sterna bergii, is a (A bird that frequents coastal waters and the open ocean: gulls; pelicans; gannets; cormorants; albatrosses; petrels; etc.) seabird of the (Small slender gull having narrow wings and a forked tail) tern family Sternidae.
		The Greater Crested Tern breeds in dense colonies on coasts and islands.
		Sexes are similar; the summer adult has a fl cap with a long crest, a narrow white forehead band, fl legs and a long sharp cold yellow bill.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/G/Gr/Greater_Crested_Tern.htm (529 words)

	Royal Tern - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Royal Tern (Sterna maxima) is a seabird of the tern family Sternidae.
		This is a large tern, second only to Caspian Tern but is unlikely to be confused with that carrot-billed giant, which has extensive dark underwing patches.
		The appearance of apparent Elegant Terns in European waters means that records of Royal and Elegant Terns will need to be re-evaluated, since the latter species was thought an improbable migrant to the area.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Royal_Tern (319 words)

	Lesser Crested Tern (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Lesser Crested Tern, Sterna bengalensis, is a seabird of the tern family Sternidae.
		This is a large-medium tern, but it is the smallest of the yellow-billed crested terns.
		Crested Tern in the Indian and Pacific Oceans is darker and has a more robust cold yellow bill.
	www.ukpedia.com /l/lesser-crested-tern.html (384 words)

	Cairns OnLine Environment Guide - Birds of the Wet Tropics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Terns are slim, streamlined birds which wheel and swoop, picking food from the surface of the sea while flying.
		Tern nests vary from a simple scrape in the sand to clumps of vegetation lined with bits of coral, shells and coralline algal remains.
		Nesting is similar to the crested tern though this species is notable for its determination to sit tight on eggs in the face of hungry gulls.
	www.dec.ctu.edu.vn /cdrom/cd6/projects/cairns_environ_guide/birds.htm (3259 words)

	Tern
		Arctic Tern (Sterna paradisaea) at nest on the
		Terns in the genus Sterna have deeply forked tails, those in Chlidonias and Larosterna shallowly forked tails, while the noddies (genera Anous, Procelsterna, Gygis) have unusual 'notched wedge' shaped tails, the longest tail feathers being the middle-outer, not the central nor the outermost
		Terns are generally long-lived birds, with several species now known to live in excess of 25-30 years.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/t/te/tern.html (451 words)

	The Ultimate Greater Crested Tern - American History Information Guide and Reference
		The Greater Crested Tern, or Swift Tern, Sterna bergii, is a seabird of the tern family Sternidae.
		Nesting behaviour is very similar to that of Sandwich Terns, with predator avoidance by mutual protection in large colonies.
		This species has to be distinguished from the closely related Lesser Crested Tern, which is smaller, orange-billed and usually has paler upperparts.
	www.historymania.com /american_history/Greater_Crested_Tern (384 words)

	Tern: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com - All about Tern (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The terns are seabirds in the family Sternidae, previously considered a subfamily Sterninae of the gull family Laridae.
		Many terns breeding in temperate zones are long-distance migrants, and the Arctic Tern probably sees more daylight than any other creature, since it migrates from its northern breeding grounds to Antarctic waters.
		They are in general medium to large birds, typically with grey or white plumage, often with fl markings on the head.
	www.encyclopedian.com /te/Tern.html (181 words)

	Crested Tern
		Crested Terns form small to large flocks, often with other species, along coastal areas throughout Australia and Tasmania.
		The Crested Tern feeds mainly on small surface fish that are between 5 to 8 cm long.
		Sighting prey from the air, the Crested Tern plunges downwards into the water and grabs the fish behind the head.
	www.amonline.net.au /factsheets/crested_tern.htm (314 words)

	Encyclopedia: Matsu Islands
		Binomial name Sterna bernsteini Schlegel, 1863 The Chinese Crested Tern (Sterna bernsteini) is a seabird of the tern family Sternidae, closely related to Sandwich Tern and Lesser Crested Tern.
		Genera Sterna (Gelochelidon) (Hydroprogne) (Thalasseus) Chlidonias Phaetusa Anous Procelsterna Gygis Larosterna Terns are seabirds in the family Sternidae, previously considered a subfamily Sterninae of the gull family Laridae.
		In 2000, four pairs of the critically endangered Chinese Crested Tern, previously thought to be extinct, were discovered nesting on the Matsu Islands, giving them global conservation importance.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Matsu-Islands (3504 words)

	Lesser Crested Tern -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Lesser Crested Tern (Sterna bengalensis or sometimes Thalasseus bengalensis) is a (A bird that frequents coastal waters and the open ocean: gulls; pelicans; gannets; cormorants; albatrosses; petrels; etc.) seabird of the (Small slender gull having narrow wings and a forked tail) tern family Sternidae.
		The Australian birds are probably sedentary, but other populations are (Click link for more info and facts about migratory) migratory, wintering south to (A republic at the southernmost part of Africa; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1910; first European settlers were Dutch (known as Boers)) South Africa.
		There are two other orange-billed terns within the range of this species, (Click link for more info and facts about Royal Tern) Royal Tern and (Click link for more info and facts about Greater Crested Tern) Greater Crested Tern.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/l/le/lesser_crested_tern.htm (494 words)

	AVES articolo Sterna ruppell
		As well as frequent summering Lesser Crested Terns, a few wintering ones are occasionally observed on the Mediterranean coasts of Morocco and Libya.
		The flight action resembles that of a small tern, and the dark edges of the first four or five outer primaries are evident.
		Status of Lesser Crested Tern Sterna bengalensis in the Western Mediterranean and in Europe.
	www.aves.it /artstben.htm (874 words)

	Elegant Tern - InfoSearchPoint.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Elegant Tern, Sterna elegans, is a seabird of the tern family Sternidae.
		This is a largish tern, with a long orange bill, pale grey upperparts and white underparts.
		Elegant could be confused with Royal Tern, but the latter species is larger and thicker-billed and shows less white on the forehead in winter.
	www.infosearchpoint.com /display/Elegant_Tern (262 words)

	Sandgrouse - Breeding Swift Tern in Egypt
		The terns occupied a narrow flat strip of higher sandy ground, c.
		Approximately half of the Lesser Crested Tern clutches had hatched, and several hundred young birds, all less than a week old, were gathered together, just north of the tar beach.
		The nearest known colonies of Swift Tern are in the Arabian Gulf and the southern Red Sea, but they have long been suspected of breeding at the mouth of the Gulf of Suez and on the islands off Hurghada, although Jennings et al.
	www.osme.org /sand201/crestern.html (709 words)

	Lesser Crested Tern - Definition, explanation
		The Lesser Crested Tern (Sterna bengalensis or sometimes Thalasseus bengalensis) is a seabird of the tern family Sternidae.
		It breeds in subtropical coastal parts of the world mainly from the Red Sea across the Indian Ocean to the western Pacific, and Australia, with a significant population on the southern coast of the Mediterranean on islands off the Libyan coast.
		This is a medium-large tern, very similar in size and general appearance to its three very close relatives Sandwich Tern, Elegant Tern and Chinese Crested Tern.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/l/le/lesser_crested_tern.php (511 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Elegant Tern
		Unlike some of the smaller white terns, it is not very aggressive toward potential predators, relying on the sheer density of the nests (often only 20-30cm apart) and nesting close to other more aggressive species such as Heermann's Gulls to avoid predation.
		This is a medium-large tern, with a long, slender orange bill, pale grey upperparts and white underparts.
		This bird could be confused with the Royal Tern, but the latter species is larger and thicker-billed and shows more white on the forehead in winter.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Elegant_Tern (529 words)

	Tern -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Terns are (A bird that frequents coastal waters and the open ocean: gulls; pelicans; gannets; cormorants; albatrosses; petrels; etc.) seabirds in the family Sternidae, previously considered a subfamily Sterninae of the (Mostly white aquatic bird having long pointed wings and short legs) gull family (Gull family: gulls and terns) Laridae.
		They are less closely related to the (Any of many long-legged birds that wade in water in search of food) waders, (Black-and-white short-necked web-footed diving bird of northern seas) auks and (Gull-like seabird that flies along the surface of the water with an elongated lower mandible immersed to skim out food) skimmers.
		Many terns breeding in temperate zones are long-distance (Traveler who moves from one region or country to another) migrants, and the (Click link for more info and facts about Arctic Tern) Arctic Tern probably sees more daylight than any other creature, since it migrates from its northern breeding grounds to Antarctic waters.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/t/te/tern.htm (1084 words)

	Bird News Israel Late July 2003
		At least 3 Lesser Crested and 2 Arctic Terns were still present along with several Cory's and one Sooty Shearwater.
		All of these tern images were taken on 29th July.
		Barak Granit has pointed out that the flock of Bridled Terns seen by Daniel Gelbart on 26th July was actually not the largest seen in Israel as we stated.
	www.birdingisrael.com /birdNews/recentSightings/summer2003/July/late_july.htm (276 words)

	Sterna bengalensis
		Lesser Crested Terns look much like Sandwich Terns but have orange, not fl bills.
		To be sure that you have a genuine Lesser Crested Tern and not a Sandwich Tern with a funny-coloured bill, you should confirm that the grey on the upperparts is darker than on Sandwich Terns and extends onto the rump and uppertail where a Sandwich Tern would be white.
		Apart from 'Elsie' on the Farne Islands (England), individuals might also be seen in Sandwich Tern colonies at the Ebro Delta and Albufuera de Valencia (Spain), the Evros delta (Greece), the Camargue (France) and the Po Delta (Italy).
	www.birdguides.com /html/vidlib/species/Sterna_bengalensis.htm (303 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Unlike some of the smaller white terns, it is not very aggressive toward potential predators, relying on the sheer density of the nests (often only 20-30cm apart) and nesting close to other more aggressive species such as Arctic Terns and Black-headed Gulls to avoid predation.
		This is a medium-large tern, 37-43cm long with an 85-97cm wingspan, which is unlikely to be confused within most of its range, although the South American race could be confused with the Elegant Tern.
		Chinese Crested Tern is the most similar to Sandwich, but has a reversal of the bill colour, yellow with a fl tip; it does not overlap in range with Sandwich Tern so confusion is unlikely.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Sandwich_Tern (575 words)

	Lesser crested-tern (Sterna bengalensis) on Chek Jawa, Pulau Ubin, Singapore
		Terns are migratory birds that visit Singapore during the northern winter.
		The Lesser crested-tern is sometimes seen on Chek Jawa resting on the northern arm of the sand bar, but not as often as the Great crested-tern.
		The Lesser crested-tern is slightly smaller with a yellowish-orange bill and paler grey upper parts.
	www.wildsingapore.com /chekjawa/text/s241.htm (207 words)

	kerrytern
		The amount of dark feathering around the eye and particularly the dark smudge in front are pro-Elegant Tern features as is the rather long shaggy crest.
		This composite series of flight shots shows less contrast between the mantle and rump and the dark secondary bar is not visible.
		At least one of the birds in the UK was identified as an Elegant while the jury is still out on others.
	www.irishbirding.com /kerrytern.html (423 words)

	Musselburgh - Royal Tern 1999
		There was a small roost of terns, gulls and waders on the rocks at the north end of Thorntonloch beach as my son and I walked down from the concrete walkway at Torness Power Station (Lothian).
		At rest and in flight, the outermost primaries were seen to be worn and dark grey in colour contrasting with the inner primaries which were fresh and a paler, mid-grey with narrow white fringes.
		I identified the bird as a Royal Tern, as opposed to a Lesser Crested, Elegant or Caspian Tern, on the basis of its size, bill shape/size, mantle colour and rump colour.
	www.andrewsi.freeserve.co.uk /royal_tern.htm (1066 words)

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