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Topic: Lethal white syndrome

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	Horse-N-Around Farm - Lethal White Syndrome, Overo Lethal White Syndrome, and Overo Lethal White Syndrome Update (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Lethal white syndrome is a condition of foals born with a deadly genetic defect - one that is linked with the white pattern so coveted by breeders.
		Solid-colored (without any white) horses appear to not carry the mutation, which is directly related to white coat pattern, so one can drastically reduce the odds of conceiving a lethal white and still have a 50% chance of obtaining an overo foal by breeding an overo to a solid.
		Lethal white foals have two copies of the defective allele (two alleles make up a gene, one from each parent), while their healthy carrier parents have one, and non-carrier horses have none.
	www.horsenaroundfarm.com /Article6.htm (2035 words)

	Aicardi syndrome: Encyclopedia of Genetic Disorders
		Aicardi syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that causes defects of the eyes and brain.
		The sclera is the tough white outer coat of the eyeball; it is unaffected in individuals with Aicardi syndrome.
		Aicardi syndrome may also be complicated by brain tumors, benign tumors of the scalp (lipomas) and cancer of the blood vessels (angiosarcoma).
	health.enotes.com /genetic-disorders-encyclopedia/aicardi-syndrome (1107 words)

	Lethal White Syndrome - PetPlace.com
		The lethal white syndrome, intestinal aganglionosis, is an autosomal recessive defect seen in foals from two overo paint parents.
		Lethal white foals are characterized by an unpigmented (white) hair coat and light blue eyes (irises), and show intestinal colic in the first few days of life.
		The white hair coat and the parentage are fairly strong indicators that you may be dealing with a lethal white foal.
	www.petplace.com /horses/lethal-white-syndrome/page1.aspx (829 words)

	Lethals White Gene (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Lethal White Syndrome is a heartbreaking birth defect, like dozens of other defects but there is no conclusive proof that it afflicts 25% of our overo horses.
		Lethal "white" foals have blue or washed out grayish eyes (not like true albinos who have pink eyes) and generally have no skin pigmentation at all, although in many cases, some foals have a touch of dark coloration here and there on the body.
		There are true white foals born on occasion, so we are all reluctant to euthanize a foal until it's in distress, which can take several hours to arise, after they eat and eat and the food goes nowhere.
	www.stallingspainthorses.com /lethal-white1.htm (1352 words)

	Cowboy Heaven
		Lethal whites can occur from any cross involving two overos or two horses that have overo in their backgrounds.
		The most characteristic trait of lethal white syndrome is a lack of gut activity, so a lethal white foal will probably fail to pass its meconium and will also begin to show signs of colic.
		But if she carries the lethal trait, and the stallion she is crossed with also carries it, she has a one-in-four chance of producing a lethal white foal every time she is bred to him.
	www.cowboyheaven.com /breeds/breed30e.htm (436 words)

	APHA.Com - Lethal Whites
		Lethal White: a foal of overo lineage, born all white or mostly white.
		In her article, Bowling proposed that the three classes of horses that resulted from overo-to-overo matings (overo, solid and lethal white) fit a model of overo as a dominant gene with lethal effects in the homozygous state.
		Lethal whites may be the price we pay for breeding for color, but it may be that it is only carried in some horses with overo color.
	www.apha.com /breed/lethalwhites01.html (3861 words)

	Horses for sale, horse health news, trail riding and horse chat.
		When two white patterned horses carrying the gene (heterozygous carriers) are bred, there is a 25% chance that the foal will be conceived with a copy of the mutation from each parent, making him homozygous for the condition.
		Lethal white foals are usually produced when an overo mare is bred to an overo stallion, but can also occur with crosses with tobiano and others with overo ancestry.
		Studies show that frame overos, highly white calico overos, and frame blend overos have the highest incidence of producing lethal white foals.
	www.horsecity.com /stories/020904/hea_lethalwhite_ML.shtml (1118 words)

	Genetics of Overo
		White foals fail to pass food through their digestive tract due to a lack of nerve cells in the intestinal tract (aganglionosis), a lethal defect.
		Though definitions vary, sabino horses generally have four white socks, a white belly and face, white on the insides of the stifles, and either the edges of the markings or the whole body will have a lot of roan coloring.
		Foals that do not live, including lethal whites, will not be registered and horses that are perceived to have minimal economic value may not be registered.
	www.vgl.ucdavis.edu /~lvmillon/overo.htm (1314 words)

	Overo Lethal White Foal Syndrome (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Overo lethal white syndrome is an autosomally inherited disease associated with horse breeds that register white coat patterns.
		The syndrome is associated with a single amino acid substitution at residue 118 on the endothelin-B receptor gene and occurs in white foals born to American paint horses of overo lineage, specifically the frame overo subtype.
		Overo lethal white syndrome also occurs in miniature horses, half-Arabian horses, Thoroughbreds, and so-called cropout quarter horse foals that are born with too much white to be accepted into the breed’s registry.
	www.vetgen.com /overo_LWF_syndrome.html (386 words)

	American Paint Horse - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Paint horses are characterized by a certain percentage of white hair over unpigmented skin combined with some other color.
		Each Paint Horse has a particular combination of white and any color of the equine spectrum: fl, bay, brown, chestnut, dun, grullo, sorrel, palomino, buckskin, gray or roan.
		One medical issue associated with the breed is the genetic disease, lethal white syndrome.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/American_Paint_Horse (353 words)

	Horse Tests - Coat Color
		White spotting patterns on the base coat color are produced by the Dominant White (one big spot), Appaloosa, Tobiano and Overo genes or as mixed white and colored hair patterns produced by the Grey (progressive whitening with age) and Roan genes.
		Among those, the gene responsible for the frame-overo pattern is associated with a lethal disease of newborn foals called overo lethal white foal syndrome.
		While breeding evidence shows that some overos are heterozygous for a gene that is lethal in the homozygous condition, it has not been easy to identify which horses have the overo gene that is associated with the lethal white foal syndrome.
	www.vgl.ucdavis.edu /horse/lethalwo.htm (1781 words)

	Equiworld - Equestrian Information - horses and ponies on the internet
		This is an all-white horse, white from birth, with pink skin and brown, hazel, or blue eyes.
		The lethal white that has been discussed extensively on the net is a situation that occurs in paints, particularly in Overo paints.
		The Dominant White gene is a lethal white.
	www.equiworld.net /uk/horsecare/reproduction/colour07.htm (1215 words)

	HORSES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Neither has the splashed white pattern, which is characterized by a large amount of white on a horse’s face, white leg markings and solid bodies with sometimes a small white spot on the belly.
		These foals are genetically different from overo lethal white foals because they are homozygous white, unlike overo lethal white foals, which are the result of breeding an overo to an overo.
		Lethal white foals have non-functioning colons, so they are unable to pass waste.
	www.ppqhorses.com /horsesstallionsPaintJournal.htm (2733 words)

	LWO - Lethal White Overo Testing
		Since frame overo is a desirable quality and requires one frame overo copy, proper mating must be done to avoid possible loss due to lethal white overo while still achieving a high probability for the frame overo pattern.
		The letter "O" symbolizes the DNA mutation of the lethal white foal syndrome (LWFS) overo gene and "n" for the normal, non-overo allele.
		Therefore, the lethal white foals or Homozygous positive for the mutation are characterized as
	www.animalgenetics.us /LWO.htm (583 words)

	Lethal White Snydrome??? - Pets Hub
		And ALL babies that are Lethal Whites will die because they can not pass anything that they take in pass their intestons(I can't spell).
		Actually a Lethal White foal will be all white, have pink skin, blue eyes, and they can have a limited amount of fl on them.
		The foal though was born Lethal White and had to be put down the same afternoon.
	www.petshub.com /forums/showthread.php?t=6482 (1216 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		A missense mutation in the endothelin-B receptor gene is associated with Lethal White Foal Syndrome: an equine version of Hirschsprung Disease.
		Lethal White Foal Syndrome is a disease associated with horse breeds that register white coat spotting patterns.
		In three unrelated lethal white foals, the EDNRB gene contained a 2-bp nucleotide change leading to a missense mutation (I118K) in the first transmembrane domain of the receptor, a highly conserved region of this protein among different species.
	mcb.berkeley.edu /labs/rine/Publications/1998Papers/MetallinosBowlingRineAbstract.htm (334 words)

	Lethal Albino Mutations
		Lindqvist, J. Lethal white foal syndrome in a horse.
		Results from the analysis of mice homozygous for lethal albino deletions suggested the existence of a locus involved in the regulation of gene expression in the liver.
		The disease seems to be invariably lethal without bone marrow transplantation; the mean age at the time of death was 5 years.
	whitedobes.doberinfo.com /albinolethal.html (521 words)

	Health Guide: Megacolon
		Genetic aganglionic megacolon in rats is a congenital condition similar to Hirschsprung’s disease (in humans), lethal white foal syndrome (in horses), piebald related megacolon (in mice), and some types of Waardenburg syndrome (in humans).
		The defects in the neural crest-derived melanocytes, which cause white spotting, and the defects in the peripheral neurons, which result in the lack of ganglia in the digestive tract, occur on the same migration path.
		Lethal white foal syndrome in horses occurs in the overo types (white or mostly white) and causes death from megacolon within a few hours or days of birth.
	www.ratguide.com /health/digestive/megacolon.php (1376 words)

	Creme gene - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A horse with the creme gene does not carry lethal white syndrome.
		Albino, whether in the form of Lethal White Syndrome or dominant white, is a lethal condition in horses, there are no true albinos in the horse world.
		Some experts debate whether there is a separate "white" (W) gene, but if it exists, it is also not a dilute gene, and if homozygous, is a lethal gene and the foal will not live.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Creme_gene (861 words)

	HORSES OF A DIFFERENT COLOR (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Overo white horses are also susceptible to Overo Lethal White Syndrome (OLWS), a condition that occurs in newborn Overo foals that is always fatal.
		Also known as the "lethal white gene", OLWS can be emotionally injurious and often financially devastating for small breeders, according to Dr. Elizabeth Santschi who researches the defective gene at the University of Minnesota.
		Shadow Mountain Stallions' white and exotic horses are bred for the sabino gene and are not therefore susceptible to Overo Lethal White Syndrome.
	www.shadowmountainstables.com /horses_of_a_different_color.htm (1402 words)

	Lethal White Syndrome in Foals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Lethal white foals are usually produced when an overo mare is crossed with an overo stallion.
		These two types of paints are genetically unrelated, so the lethal white syndrome is a genetic disease linked only to the overo.
		The encouraging news is that the gene that causes lethal white syndrome has been found.
	www.vet.purdue.edu /horses/LethalWhiteSyndromeFoals.html (308 words)

	LWO Info (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The difference is that the LWO Syndrome is caused by the homozyogous result of a pattern gene and the double dilute is caused by the homozygous result of a dilution gene.
		Research has identified the gene that produces the lethal white overo and a DNA-based diagnostic test is now available to identify breeding horses at risk The gene appears to be associated with "frame overos", but is also present in some tobiano, toveros, and even some solid-colored (breeding stock Paint) offspring from overo matings.
		Studies have indicated that the lethal white overo is due to offspring carring two copies of the LWO gene, one gene passed from each parent.
	www.cross5ranch.com /cross5ranch/lwo_info.htm (619 words)

	KSUCVM - VMTH - Equine
		The frame, calico, and breeding-stock white overo coat patterns are most commonly associated with the presence of the mutated gene that encodes for the protein receptor of concern (endothelin receptor B).
		Occasionally white colored foals are breeding-stock white and have normal function of the gastrointestinal tract, although this is not very common.
		As previously stated, some horses are heterozygotes and do not express the classic phenotype of heavy white pattern (calico, splash white or frame) or, on the other hand, some horses have a lot of white such as a frame overo, yet are not heterozygotes.
	www.vet.ksu.edu /depts/VMTH/equine/medicine/overo.htm (802 words)

	Paint Horse pictures
		Lethal White Syndrome is perhaps the most common and dangerous disorder in Paint horses.
		Affected foals are born either completely white or mostly white and show the signs of colic within a few hours after their birth.
		She concluded that the incidence of lethal foals was higher in overo-to-overo breedings.
	www.paint-horses.org /paint-horses-pictures.htm (369 words)

	Nutrition - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Eijkman observed that chickens fed the native diet of white rice developed the symptoms of beriberi, but remained healthy when fed unprocessed brown rice with the outer bran intact.
		For example, hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance are strongly linked to chronic inflammation, which in turn is strongly linked to a variety of adverse developments such as arterial microinjuries and clot formation (i.e.
		Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance (the so-called metabolic syndrome) are characterized by a combination of abdominal obesity, elevated blood sugar, elevated blood pressure, elevated blood triglycerides, and reduced HDL cholesterol.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nutrition (6135 words)

	Millers Miniature Horse Articles
		Well according to the research that has been done by Ann T Bowling all the frame overo horses in her study were heterozygous for the mutation that is associated with the white lethal foal syndrome, explaining why lethal white foals are produced predominantly by frame overos.
		The data collected and studied supported the facts that the Lethal White Foal syndrome was caused by homozygosity for a mutation in the EDNRB gene of horses, and that the overos heterozygous for the mutation display the frame overo phenotype.
		"Ginger" by the Miller's stallion DNA'd for white lethal.
	www.millersequine.com /edu/article/LWO.shtml (1489 words)

	Lethal Whites - The White Aussies Project, at Lethal Whites .Com
		There is an actual lethal gene found in certain types of Paint horses that results in a white foal with blue eyes.
		While carrying more white than is the "norm" for their lines, they usually have markings of some sort, and can have brown eyes (unlike the foals).
		Solid fl males (like Bandit on our pattern white page) fall victim to this most often, even though their color is acceptable.
	www.lethalwhites.com /lethalwhite.html (807 words)

	Lethal White Syndrome - Horse Health - View Single Post
		First of all Lethal White Syndrome is carried in the Overo Gene, not the Tobiano Gene.
		A Lethal White is thought to be a 100% color producer for Overos (which does not exist) but the condition is always fatal, and always carried by Overos.
		Again, a double dilute inherited a dilute gene from the sire and a dilute gene from the dam (dilute is a solid color trait, overo is a paint color trait..not related).
	www.horsegroomingsupplies.com /horse-forums/11883-post4.html (168 words)

	White Thoroughbred Sire Moved to Lexington - bloodhorse.com
		Arctic White is also the living symbol of the White Horse Award, presented by the Race Track Chaplaincy of America each year at the Breeder's Cup.
		The sabino white Thoroughbred, unlike overo paints, is not susceptible to Overo Lethal White Syndrome and is not albino.
		Arctic White's mares and foals are currently under study by researchers at the University of Kentucky.
	news.bloodhorse.com /viewstory.asp?id=30257 (418 words)

	APHA.Com - Lethal Whites
		Occasionally, solid white or nearly solid white foals are born to Paint Horses of overo lineage.
		We expected OLWS foals to have two lethal alleles (L), their parents to have one normal (N) and one lethal allele, and solid-colored horses of other breeds to have two copies of the normal allele.
		The discovery of the lethal allele in Pintos is important in limiting the spread of this mutation, because many Pinto breeders are unfamiliar with OLWS and the gene is now making its way into other breeds that are crossing onto Paints for color production.
	www.apha.com /breed/lethalwhites03.html (1416 words)

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