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Topic: Letter to Grand Duchess Christina

Related Topics

Christina, Grand Duchess of Tuscany

Galileo Galilei

Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems

Galileo

Two New Sciences

Sidereus Nuncius

Heliocentric model

Geocentric model

Bible

Galilaei (lunar crater)

Inertia

Inquisition

Revelation

Aelle

Telescope

	Letter to Grand Duchess Christina - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Letter to The Grand Duchess Christina by Galileo Galilei was an essay on the relation between the revelations of the Bible and the new discoveries then being made in science.
		Christina, daughter of Charles II of Lorraine and granddaughter of Catherine de Medici, was the widow of Ferdinando I de Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany 1587-1609, who had appointed Galileo to the professorship of mathematics at the University of Pisa in 1588.
		The monk took on the role of theologian in response, and convinced everyone there except the Duchess (who he thought was arguing mainly to hear his answers) and Boscaglia (who said nothing during this dialogue).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Letter_to_Grand_Duchess_Christina (335 words)

	Letter
		Letter of Credence A Letter of Credence is a formal letter sent by one head of state to another formally accrediting a n...
		Letter of marque A letter of marque and reprisal was an official warrant or commission from a national government author...
		Letter of the two sorries The letter of the two sorries was the letter delivered by the 2001.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /topics/letter.html (1370 words)

	International Catholic University: 29.8
		Galileo was chief mathematician and philosopher in the Medici court in Florence and in the letter to the Grand Duchess, penned after Bellarmino sent his letter in April 1615, we find Galileo's response to the arguments advanced by his opponents.
		The Letter to the Grand Duchess is richly laced with quotations from the Church Fathers, principally Augustine, all left in Latin: passages which lend authority to his arguments.
		In the passage in the 1615 Letter to the Grand Duchess which we have been examining, and elsewhere in the letter, we find an additional argument, an argument not found in his earlier letters on the subject.
	home.comcast.net /~icuweb/c02908.htm (3536 words)

	Online edition of Sunday Observer - Features (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		One morning in 1613, at the breakfast table with Grand Duchess Christina, one of Galileo's students - Benedetto Castelli, who was also present, asked him to comment on the conflict between the Church and the heliocentric doctrine.
		The reply was the famous 'Letter to Grand Duchess Christina' which circulated widely in manuscript form at the time.
		After inspecting Galileo's letter and his statement, the Inquisition declared that (1) the immobility of the Sun at the centre of the universe was absurd in philosophy and formally heretical, and that (2) the mobility of Earth was absurd in philosophy and at least erroneous in theology.
	www.sundayobserver.lk /2005/03/13/fea27.html (906 words)

	Learn more about Galileo Galilei in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In 1616, the Inquisition warned Galileo not to hold or defend the hypothesis asserted in Copernicus's On the Revolutions, though it has been debated whether he was admonished not to "teach in any way" the heliocentric theory.
		When Galileo was tried in 1633, the Inquisition was proceeding on the premise that he had been ordered not to teach it at all, based on a paper in the records from 1616; but Galileo produced a letter from Cardinal Bellarmine that showed only the "hold or defend" order.
		After two weeks in quarantine, Galileo was detained at the comfortable residence of the Tuscan ambassador, as a favor to the influential Grand Duke Ferdinand II de' Medici.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /g/ga/galileo_galilei.html (2930 words)

	Galileo
		Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina of Tuscany
		In his Letter to the Grand Duchess, Galileo explores the relationship between science and religion as he defends the heliocentric theory and the autonomy of scientific inquiry.
		The Letter was published (in the Italian vernacular) in 1615, a time when there was still debate within the Church about the heliocentric theory, with some clergy (primarily Jesuits) defending the open exchange of ideas and defending Galileo in particular.
	history.hanover.edu /courses/excerpts/111gal2.html (1767 words)

	Modern History Sourcebook: Galileo: Letter to Grand Duchess (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Galileo Galilei to the Grand Duchess Christina of Tuscany, 1615
		He did not ignore the Bible, but he knew very well that if` his doctrine were proved, then it could not contradict the Scriptures when they were rightly understood and thus at the end of his letter of` dedication.
		This is wiser counsel than to condemn either side in the absence of such certainty, thus depriving oneself of continued authority and ability to choose by determining things which are now undetermined and open and still lodged in the will of supreme authority.
	www.gpc.edu /~proseman/1112-HonReadings/Galileo-Letter.htm (2637 words)

	Lecture 8 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Grand Duchess Christina of Lorraine (1565-1637) was the granddaughter of Catherine de' Medici.
		In December 1613, Castelli, the newly appointed chair of mathematics at the University of Pisa, was invited to breakfast with the Tuscan court.
		Then Her Most Serene Ladyship [Cosimo's mother, the Grand Duchess Dowager Christina] inquired about their position and began saying to herself that they had better be real and not deceoptions of the instrument.
	eee.uci.edu /clients/bjbecker/ExploringtheCosmos/lecture8.html (1737 words)

	The Galileo Project \| Science \| Benedetto Castelli
		It was this occasion that prompted Galileo to write a long letter to Castelli on the subject of science and religion, which was later expanded into the Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina.
		Both versions of the letter circulated in manuscript, and the Letter to the Grand Duchess was printed in Strasbourg in 1636.
		Castelli moved to Rome in 1626 to become a consultant to the Pope on the management of rivers in the Papal States (a perennial problem) and professor of mathematics at the university of Rome.
	galileo.rice.edu /sci/castelli.html (359 words)

	Events leading to the first trial
		Benedetto Castelli, a Benedictine monk, professor of physics at Pisa, and a disciple of Galileo, had breakfast with the Grand Duke and Duchess of Tuscany, who were Galileo's patrons.
		The Grand Duchess, a pious and devout lady, was concerned about these objections, and Castelli answered as best he could.
		Although he wrote this essay in order to defend himself against allegations of heresy, the effect of publishing it was to irritate the Church authorities, who up to this point had not been inclined to get involved in the matter.
	www.dsm.fordham.edu /~moniot/galileo_from_a_different_angle/node4.html (521 words)

	Galileo Biography
		One morning in 1613, at breakfast, Cosimo de' Medici and his mother, the Grand Duchess Christina began discussing the truth of Jupiter's satellites.
		As a result of inspecting Galileo's letter, in February 1616, it was agreed by the Inquisition that 1) the immobility of the Sun at the centre of the universe was absurd in philosophy and formally heretical, and that 2) the mobility of Earth was absurd in philosophy and at least erroneous in theology.
		In defence, Galileo secured from Bellarmino a letter stating that this was not the case but that he had had been notified of the Papal decision to censor Copernicus' De Revolutionibus because a heliostatic claim was contrary to the literal meaning of Scripture.
	www.hps.cam.ac.uk /starry/galileo.html (1096 words)

	[No title]
		however, it could be explained on Tycho Brahe's theory which put all the planets except the Earth in orbits around the sun B. defended an unabashedly humanist theory of knowledge in an open _Letter to Grand Duchess Christina_ (1615), a member of the Medici family 1.
		so we first use reason and the senses to interpret the Book of Nature and then use those results to interpret the _Bible_ C. In 1615, Cardinal Bellarmine wrote a letter to Galileo's friend Foscarini in which he said that it would be "prudent" for Foscarini and Galileo to say 1.
		defended a theory of knowledge like that in the letter to Grand Duchess Christina 2.
	www.iit.edu /~schmaus/Origins_of_Modern_Philosophy/lectures/science/astro.txt (1021 words)

	Amazon.ca: Books: Discoveries and Opinions of Galileo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		His Letters on Sunspots are a retort to another astronomer's theories on the nature of the phenomenon.
		In the Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina, Galileo puts up a staunch defense to the church in his adopting the Copernican heliocentric model of the universe.
		the letter was written in 1615 and is titled "Concerning the Use of Biblical Quotations in Matters of Science".
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/0385092393 (986 words)

	Journal 9-Galileo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Some weeks ago, as Your Serene Highness well knows, I discovered in Galileo's "Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina" many things that had not been known to me before that time.
		Personal attacks were of the utmost importance to the impact of the "Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina" for two reasons.
		When, logical holes were brought to light there was a strong appeal to "enlightened people." This "strategy" would have to be modified to make the holes in logic more important than the issues of hypocrisy to make the letter address a modern office.
	personal.centenary.edu /~ladams/journal9.html (503 words)

	Encyclopedia: Letter to Grand Duchess Christina (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		People who viewed "Letter to Grand Duchess Christina" also viewed:
		Other descriptions of Letter to Grand Duchess Christina
		Click for other authoritative sources for this topic (summarised at Factbites.com).
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Letter-to-Grand-Duchess-Christina (363 words)

	Galileo's The Starry Messenger - ISLS - Autumn 2001 - Chabot College - Discussion led by Scott Hildreth
		Discuss whether this approach is appropriate given the nature of the proof he collected, and given the intended audience of his book and letters.
		Evaluate Galileo's Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina, in terms of its success in defending his beliefs, and in terms of the phrasing and arguments used given the nature and position of its intended recipient, the Grand Duchess.
		Using either The Starry Messenger or The Letters on Sunspots, illustrate and discuss the key pieces of the scientific method as practiced by Galileo.
	online.chabotcollege.edu /shildreth/isls/2001program/galileo.html (452 words)

	Galileo Galilei --Great Minds Great Thinkers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Inquisition warned Galileo not to hold or defend the hypothesis asserted in Copernicus's On the Revolutions, though it has been debated whether he was admonished not to "teach in any way" the heliocentric theory.
		1633, the Inquisition was proceeding on the premise that he had been ordered not to teach it at all, based on a paper in the records from 1616; but Galileo produced a letter from Cardinal Bellarmine that showed only the "hold or defend" order.
		Tuscan ambassador, as a favor to the influential Grand Duke
	www.edinformatics.com /great_thinkers/galileo.htm (3084 words)

	Galileo: life - part IV - trial and Letter to the Grand Duchess
		Galileo: life - part IV - trial and Letter to the Grand Duchess
		Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina (1613; 1615; 1636)
		Nothing was said about the condemnation of 1616, which set off the chain of events leading to the trial
	puffin.creighton.edu /eselk/Galileo-for-church-history/Galileo-lfe-part4_trial-letter.htm (770 words)

	PHILOSOPHY: consciousness, inner peace,justice,meaning of life,destiny,morality,politics,power,religion,truth (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		He believed the Copernican* theory in which the earth revolved around the sun, was more consistent with astronomical evidence.
		Benedetto Castelli, Galileo's student, who was present, asked Galileo to comment on the central point of that conversation, the conflict between the Bible and the heliocentric doctrine.
		As a result of inspecting Galileo's letter, in February 1616, it was agreed by the Inquisition that 1) the immobility of the Sun at the centre of the universe was absurd in philosophy and formally heretical, and that 2) the mobility of Earth was absurd in philosophy and erroneous in theology.
	www.primechoice.com /philosophy/shelp/philbody.htm (1598 words)

	[No title]
		Valentine Daniel Contemporary Civilization Due: 11/29/04 Third Written Exercise Question Number 9: Galileo, in his “Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina” (a) advocates the bringing of science into line with the Bible, (b) advocates the bringing of the Bible into line with science, (c) Neither.
		His “Letter to Madame Christina of Lorraine, Grand Duchess of Tuscany, Concerning the Use of Biblical Quotations In Matters of Science” does serve to advocate the bringing of the Bible into line with science (when the two conflict), but it does so with two major caveats.
		At the beginning of his letter, Galileo is defending himself against his many religious detractors.
	www.columbia.edu /~ear2102/essay3.doc (2126 words)

	Discoveries and Opinions of Galileo (1610 Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Discoveries and Opinions of Galileo consists of four works by Galileo Galilei: The Starry Messenger, Letters on Sunspots, Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina, and The Assayer.
		All students of science are familiar with the events which led to the confrontation between Galileo and the Church and of the outcome which impacted so negatively on the relationship between science and religion.
		This book includes Galileo's letter to Christina of Lorraine, Grand Duchess of Tuscany....
	www.sixstroke.com /cgi-bin/cbooks/ca.pl?asinsearch=0385092393 (344 words)

	WORLD CULTURES 120
		March 17 Galileo, “The Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina”
		March 19 Galileo, “The Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina”
		When it comes to “show and tell” time, however, it invariably turns out that virtually all faculty members assign nearly the same grade, usually within a plus or minus, to the same paper and almost always within a whole letter grade.
	faculty.evansville.edu /pt4/WC120.htm (4798 words)

	Galileo and the Inquisition
		Four years later a Dominican friar, Niccolo Lorini, who had earlier criticized Galileo's view in private conversations, files a written complaint with the Inquisition against Galileo's Copernican views.
		Galileo subsequently writes a long letter defending his views to Monsignor Piero Dini, a well connected official in the Vatican, he then writes his Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina arguing for freedom of inquiry and travels to Rome to defend his ideas
		In 1616 a committee of consultants declares to the Inquisition that the propositions that the Sun is the center of the universe and that the Earth has an annual motion are absurd in philosophy, at least erroneous in theology, and formally a heresy.
	phyun5.ucr.edu /~wudka/Physics7/Notes_www/node52.html (567 words)

	EUH 2001 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Scientific Revolution: Galileo's Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina.
		Galileo, "Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina" (xc) University Copy Center.
		Three absences will result in a one-half letter grade penalty.
	www.clas.ufl.edu /users/smcknigh/syllabus_EUH_2001.htm (202 words)

	[No title]
		Bellarmine (one of the most important Catholic churchmen of the early seventeenth century) acknowledges that a scientific proof of the Copernican system would require a reinterpretation of Scripture--but note that he does not rule out the possibility, but simply says that he does not believe that such scientific proof has yet been offered.
		I have gladly read the letter in Italian and the essay in Latin that Your Reverence has sent me, and I thank you for both, confessing that they are filled with ingenuity and learning.
		But since you ask for my opinion, I shall give it to you briefly, as you have little time for reading and I for writing.
	academic.wsc.edu /socialsci/taber_d/Sci-Rev-BELLARMINE.doc (301 words)

	WIST - A Collection of Quotations :: G
		Why, this would be as if an absolute despot, being neither a physician nor an architect but knowing himself free to command, should undertake to administer medicines and erect buildings according to his whim-at grave peril of his poor patients' lives, and the speedy collapse of his edifices.
		But I believe nobody will deny that it is often very abstruse, and may say things which are quite different from what its bare words signify.
		I do not feel obliged to believe that the same God who has endowed us with sense, reason, and intellect has intended us to forgo their use.
	wist.hill-kleerup.org /authors/g.html (5337 words)

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