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	Letters patent - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Letters patent are a type of legal instrument in the form of an open letter issued by a monarch or government granting an office, a right, monopoly, title, or status to someone or some entity such as a corporation.
		Letters patent can be used for the granting of city status, coats of arms, for the creation of corporations, or by a monarch to create an office.
		Letters patent of Governor and Commander in Chief of Newfoundland, 1876
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Letters_patent (325 words)

	Letters Patent - LoveToKnow 1911
		Letters patent (litterae patentes) are letters addressed by the sovereign "to all to whom these presents shall come," reciting the grant of some dignity, office, monopoly, franchise or other privilege to the patentee.
		They are not sealed up, but are left open (hence the term "patent"), and are recorded in the Patent Rolls in the Record Office, or in the case of very recent grants, in the Chancery Enrolment Office, so that all subjects of the realm may read and be bound by their contents.
		Letters patent are used to put into commission various powers inherent in the crown - legislative powers, as when the sovereign entrusts to others the duty of opening parliament or assenting to bills; judicial powers, e.g.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Letters_Patent (957 words)

	Patent - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Patents can generally only be enforced through civil lawsuits (for example, for a US patent, by an action for patent infringement in a United States federal court), although some territories (such as France and Austria) have criminal penalties for wanton infringement.
		An important limitation on the ability of a patent owner to successfully assert his or her patent in civil litigation is the accused infringer's right to challenge the validity of that patent.
		Patent licensing agreements are effectively contracts in which the patent owner (the licensor) agrees not to sue the licensee for infringement of the licensor's patent rights.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Patent (2937 words)

	Letters Patent (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Letters patent could be issued by direct authority of the offices of the chancery, but many were issued in response to petitions from private citizens or institutions.
		By the later middle ages, the procedure for generating letters patent could involve several steps, including a petition from the grantee, a letter from the office of the signet, a warrant from the office of the privy seal, letters patent under the great seal and an entry on the Patent Rolls.
		Letters patent from the abbots of Beaubec and Valioires to the archbishop of Rheims and the bishop of Amiens (Archives de l'Aube, 3 H 120).
	medievalwriting.50megs.com /word/patent.htm (782 words)

	Patent
		A patent is a set of exclusive rights granted by a government to an inventor or applicant for a limited amount of time (normally 20 years from the filing date).
		The term "patent" originates from the term to patent which means to lay open (to public inspection) and the term letters patent, which originally denoted royal decrees granting exclusive rights to certain individuals or businesses.
		Generally, the patent laws make it difficult for patent examiners to employ hindsight reasoning in rejecting a claim as obvious, by requiring some teaching that would motivate a person of ordinary skill in the art to modify the technology found in the prior to arrive at the claimed invention.
	www.knowledgefun.com /book/p/pa/patent.html (3005 words)

	Laws of Fiji - ITC Services Online
		Every person desirous of obtaining letters patent under this Act shall file in the office of the Administrator-General a petition in the prescribed form signed by him or his agent or attorney setting forth the residence of the inventor and the title of the invention.
		Letters patent may be annulled by the Attorney- General if the same be proved to be prejudicial to the public interests or if the special conditions on which the same have been granted are not observed.
		No letters patent shall include several distinct and separate inventions but where one invention is applicable to the improvement of several manufactures or where several inventions are applicable to the improvement of one and the same manufacture the whole may be included in the same letters patent.
	www.itc.gov.fj /lawnet/fiji_act/patent.html (2159 words)

	O'Reilly v. Morse
		His patent, it appears, was sealed on the 4th of July, 1838, but his specification was not filed until January 4, 1839; and when these two English patents are brought into competition with that of Morse, they must take date from the time of filing their respective specifications.
		His patent is not for the invention of a new alphabet; but for a combination of powers composed of tangible and intangible elements, described in his specification, by means of which marks or signs may be impressed upon paper at a distance, which can there be read and understood.
		Now the patent law requires an inventor, as a condition precedent to obtaining a patent, to deliver a written description of his invention or discovery, and to particularly specify what he claims to be his own invention or discovery.
	www.law.pitt.edu /madison/patent/supplement/oreilly_v_morse.html (7581 words)

	Patent (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Per the word's original definition one of patent legislation is to induce the to disclose knowledge for the advancement of in exchange for a limited period of Therefore a patent is a monopoly right.
		Generally the patent laws make it difficult patent examiners to employ hindsight reasoning in a claim as obvious by requiring some that would motivate a person of ordinary in the art to modify the technology in the prior to arrive at the invention.
		While a patent grants an exclusive right the invention claimed many national laws provide special rules on granting compulsory licence to third parties when the invention is not into to practice within a specified amount time or is put into practice in manner that is deemed to be insufficient the needs of the Country.
	www.freeglossary.com /Patent (3072 words)

	ITMA - News and events
		In the 14th and 15th Centuries, they granted patent rights for such processes to be brought into the country and to be taught to their subjects.
		It was not long before letters patent were being granted in respect of all sorts of commodities from salt to playing cards.
		By the end of the Elizabethan era, the patent system as it them was had fallen into disrepute, and matters came to a head in the matter of Darby's Patent which was a patent granted in respect of the right to manufacture and sell playing cards.
	www.itma.org.uk /news-events/4c-patent.htm (483 words)

	Heraldic Media Limited - Letters Patent
		Armorial bearings are granted by means of Letters Patent as are titles of nobility, offices held from the Crown, etc. The opposite of Letters Patent are Letters Close, which are of a personal nature and are closed with a seal.
		The text of Letters Patent is generally executed in copper plate or foundation hand by a skilled calligrapher, with the initial letters "TO" being illuminated, ie drawn larger than the rest of the text and embellished with various ornaments.
		The Kings of Arms are authorised in their patents of appointment to grant, with the consent in writing of the Earl Marshal, arms and crests by Letters Patent to "eminent men".
	www.heraldicmedia.com /site/info/letters.html (2642 words)

	The UK Patent Office - Patents - Origins (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The origins of patents for invention are obscure and no one country can claim to have been the first in the field with a patent system.
		The earliest known English patent for invention was granted by Henry VI to Flemish-born John of Utynam in 1449.
		The patent gave John a 20-year monopoly for a method of making stained glass, required for the windows of Eton College, that had not been previously known in England.
	www.patent.gov.uk /patent/whatis/fivehundred/origins.htm (132 words)

	TRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGY: Patent and Designs Act (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		When a patent is granted, the “Letters Patent” are delivered to the patentee, who is the person entered on the Register of Patents as the proprietor or grantee.
		What the “Letters Patent” confer is the right to exclude others from the commercial exploitation of a particular invention.
		If the request for a patent is accepted, “Letters Patent” are granted to the applicant or joint-applicants and sealed with the seal of the Registrar of Patents upon payment of the prescribed fees.
	www.nipc-nigeria.org /patents.htm (380 words)

	Patent to John Cabot: Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage
		Pleas it your highnesse, of your moste noble and habundaunt grace, to graunte to John Kabotto, Venician, your gracious letters patentes in due fourme to be made accordyng to the tenour hereafter ensuyng, and he shal contynually praye to God for the preservacion of your moste noble and roiall astate longe to endure.
		Please it your highness, of your most noble and abundant grace, to grant to John Cabot, Venetian, your gracious letters patent in due form to be made according to the wording hereafter ensuing, and he shall continually pray to God for the preservation of your most noble and royal estate to long endure.
		Without any further order from us, they are to assist and aid the said John, his deputy and all our said subjects sailing with him according to the wording of our letters patent, regardless of any statute, act or ordinance to the contrary which has been or will be made in the future.
	www.heritage.nf.ca /exploration/cabotpatent.html (290 words)

	John Melius - 11/08/2005 / Letters / Patent Reform / Help Us Save Our Patent System - Professional Inventors Alliance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Patents are an incentive system for encouraging public invention and creative expression to maximize society’s access to these new inventions and creative works.
		Patents are an integral part of the “American Dream” for both the patentee and the public at large.
		Bringing “harmony” to patent law by limiting the rights of our citizens to the lack of rights found in other countries is counterproductive to our economic well being now and in the future.
	www.piausa.org /patent_reform/letters/john_melius_11_08_2005 (538 words)

	Letters: Patent Problems - Security - Network Computing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Patent filers get to write the laws held in their legal claims, and patent clerks get to enact those laws by approving the patents.
		Patent legal claims are not written in a straightforward manner, so you can't just read a patent and know if you're infringing on a claim.
		As a victim of a patent lawsuit, you must spend tens of thousands of dollars just to get a judge to tell you what the patent office granted when it awarded the patent.
	www.networkcomputing.com /showitem.jhtml?docid=1703letters (614 words)

	Patent Publication Services
		A request for correction to a published patent is initiated by completion and submission of USPTO form 1050 to the Office of Certificate of Corrections.
		Patent grants and soft copies (if requested) are mailed to the address of USPTO record (as documented by applicant's original submission of mailing address, subsequent filing of request for change of address, or request for change of address as noted on Form 85b).
		If it is determined that address is/was correct in USPTO system at the time patent grant was mailed, submission of a Request for Duplicate Letters Patent must be made to the Office of Petitions.
	www.uspto.gov /web/patents/pubs/pubsservices.htm (1138 words)

	Corporations Canada - 3a. Application for Supplementary Letters Patent: Not-for-profit (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Such Supplementary Letters Patent are not desired for any improper purpose and are deemed necessary and expedient in the interest of your applicant.
		The statements in the annexed application are true in substance and in fact and the proposed change to the Letters Patent is bona fide and is considered to be in the best interest of the corporation.
		A by-law to amend the provisions of the Letters Patent and to authorize application for the issuance of Supplementary Letters Patent to confirm the same.
	strategis.ic.gc.ca /epic/internet/incd-dgc.nsf/en/cs00008e.html (1845 words)

	Patent, Intellectual Property Attorney, Marc D. Machtinger
		It is believed that numerous women before and after the grant of this patent were involved in inventive activities, and likely filed patent applications in the names of their husbands.
		Between 1790 (when the first Patent Laws were enacted) and 1836, there were about 10,000 (9,957 is the most accurate count known) patents granted, starting with the very first one issued to Samuel Hopkins on July 31, 1790 for a method of producing pot ash and pearl ash (fertilizers).
		For this reason, as well as the fact that on the order of 600-800 patents are withdrawn from issue each year and their patent numbers not used, the latest U.S. patent number does not accurately reflect the number of patents which have been granted.
	www.patentstation.com /mdm/p142.htm (1026 words)

	The drafting of the letters patent of 1937
		It was settled that the Letters Patent shd be gazetted on 28th May and arrangements were made for the B.B.C. to be given (for that evening) and the Press to be given (for the following day) a note and inst.
		The Home Secretary said that Sir Harry Boyd had drawn his attention to the terms of the Letters Patent of 1864, the preamble of which appeared to confirm the view that the style and title of Royal Highness is limited to persons in the line of succession to the Crown.
		In all circumstances it may be deemed opportune politically to advise the Crown to issue letters patent conferring on the Duke of Windsor the style and title of H.R.H. and, within the intention of the Act of Abdication, restricting the style and title to him exclusively.
	www.heraldica.org /topics/britain/drafting_lp1937.htm (7711 words)

	GFPID Letters Patent
		The government has yet to update this document and it is our understanding that our Letters Patent are under review by higher authorities.
		The Trustees holding office immediately prior to the issue of these Letters Patent shall continue to hold office for the remainder of the terms for which they were elected.
		The Trustees of the Improvement District may exercise the powers given to a council, in respect of a municipality, be sections 699 and 700 of the Municipal Act.
	members.shaw.ca /GFPID/GFPID_Letters_Patent.html (709 words)

	Letters Patent Info, Knox Patents: Kulaga Law Office, Patent Attorney
		When the Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) issues a patent, the PTO sends a Letters Patent to the owner of the patent.
		Although the Letters Patent are impressive to receive, the Letters Patent does not identify on its face any information about the patent.
		Knox Patents is not affiliated with any of these companies and offers this information as a service to patent owners.
	www.knoxpatents.com /LettersPatent.html (193 words)

	All About Forms-Free legal forms. Bankruptcy Corporations Divorce Real Estate
		Inventors have invented certain new improvements relating to __ (Subject Matter of Invention), which is described in the attached application for a letters patent.
		I, _____ (Name of Inventor), declare that letters patent No. I have made a diligent search for the letters patent everywhere it would probably be found, if it existed, and I have not been able to find it.
		IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE As the applicant of the attached reissue application covering the letters patent for the improvement in ____ (Specify Subject of Invention) which was granted to ____ (Name), now deceased, on ____ (Date), I hereby offer to surrender that letters patent.
	www.allaboutforms.com /index.cfm?index=forms122a&topic=110&form_topic=Patents&CFID=187785&CFTOKEN=39280814 (1005 words)

	Cabinet Manual - Letters Patent Amending
		WHEREAS by certain Letters Patent under the Seal of New Zealand bearing date the 28th day of October 1983, We did constitute the Office of Governor-General and Commander-In-Chief in and over Our Realm of New Zealand:
		The said Letters Patent bearing date the 28th day of October 1983 are hereby amended by revoking clause VIII, and substituting the following clause:
		IN WITNESS WHEREOF We have caused these Our Letters to be made Patent, and for the greater testimony and validity thereof We have caused the Seal of New Zealand to be affixed to these presents, which We have signed with Our Regal Hand.
	www.dpmc.govt.nz /cabinet/manual/letters_patent_amending.html (428 words)

	Documenting Democracy
		The Letters Patent used the enabling provisions of the South Australia Act 1834 to establish the Province of South Australia and precisely define its boundaries.
		Detail of the wax seal attached to the Letters Patent establishing the Province of South Australia 19 February 1836 (UK).
		Letters Patent under the Great Seal of the United Kingdom erecting and establishing the Province of South Australia and fixing the boundaries thereof, 19 February 1836
	www.foundingdocs.gov.au /item.asp?dID=2 (216 words)

	IEEE-SA Patent Database
		Some Letters of Assurance received prior to 1993 have also been included in this report, but others may not have been entered into electronic form and may be available only in archived IEEE files.
		Note to all readers: The IEEE is not responsible for identifying patents or patent applications for which a license may be required to implement an IEEE standard or for conducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of those patents that are brought to its attention.
		If you believe we have inadvertently omitted specific patent information, if you wish to report an error or a change in the status of some information, or if you want more information about Letters of Assurance relating to a specific IEEE Standard, contact the PatCom Administrator.
	standards.ieee.org /db/patents (509 words)

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