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	Lettres De Cachet - LoveToKnow 1911
		Considered solely as French documents, lettres de cachet may be defined as letters signed by the king of France, countersigned by one of his ministers, and closed with the royal seal (cachet).
		The lettre de cachet belonged to the class of lettres closes, as opposed to lettres patentes, which contained the expression of the legal and permanent will of the king, and had to be furnished with the seal of state affixed by the chancellor.
		Lettres de cachet were abolished by the Constituent Assembly, but Napoleon reestablished their equivalent by a political measure in the decree of the 9th of March 1801 on the state prisons.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Lettres_De_Cachet (548 words)

	Lettre de cachet
		The best-known lettres de cachet, however, were penal, by which the king sentenced a subject without trial and without an opportunity of defense to imprisonment in a state prison[?] or an ordinary jail, confinement in a convent or a hospital, transportation to the colonies, or expulsion to another part of the realm.
		Lettres de cachet were abolished by the Constituent Assembly, but Napoleon reestablished their equivalent by a political measure in the decree of the gth of March 1801 on the state prisons.
		See Honore Mirabeau, Les Lettres de cachet et des prisons d'etat (Hamburg, 1782), written in the dungeon at Vincennes[?] into which his father had thrown him by a lettre de cachet, one of the ablest and most eloquent of his works, which had an immense circulation and was translated into English in 1788.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/le/Lettre_de_cachet.html (807 words)

	Lettre de cachet - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In French history, lettres de cachet were letters signed by the king of France, countersigned by one of his ministers, and closed with the royal seal, or cachet.
		In this respect, the lettres de cachet were a prominent symbol of the abuses of the ancien régime monarchy, and as such were suppressed during the French Revolution.
		Lettres de cachet were abolished after the French Revolution by the Constituent Assembly, but Napoleon reestablished their penal equivalent by a political measure in the decree of the 8th of March 1801 on the state prisons.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lettre_de_cachet (1058 words)

	Honoré Mirabeau
		He at once began love-making, and in spite of his ugliness succeeded in winning the heart of the lady to whom his colonel was attached; this led to such scandal that his father obtained a lettre de cachet, and the young scapegrace was imprisoned in the Ile de Ré.
		As to the marquess, his use of lettres de cachet is perfectly defensible on the theory of lettres de cachet.
		However, in April 1790 he was suddenly recalled by the comte de Mercy-Argenteau, the Austrian ambassador at Paris, and the queen's most trusted political adviser, and from this time to Mirabeau's death he became the medium of almost daily communications between the latter and the queen.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/mi/Mirabeau.html (3358 words)

	Luke Joseph Hooke
		De Prades was suspended by the faculty which publicly censured the syndic, the grand-maître, and Hooke, the three signatories.
		Cardinal de Tencin, visitor of the Sorbonne, in virtue of a lettre de cachet and of his own authority, deprived Hooke of his chair, 3 May, 1752, and forced hun to leave the Sorbonne.
		In 1754 de Prades was pardoned by Benedict XIV, whereupon Hooke appealed to the cardinal and the papal secretary, but obtained only the recall of the lettre de cachet.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/h/hooke,luke_joseph.html (477 words)

	lettre de cachet - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		lettre de cachet, formerly in French law, private, sealed document, issued as a communication from the king.
		Although its actual use was restrained, the issuance to local officials of lettres de cachet with the space for the name left blank inspired great fear.
		Napoleon I briefly renewed use of the lettres de cachet.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-lettrede.html (314 words)

	You Don't Say: Language and Usage: Misplaced elegance (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		A cachet has thus come to mean a seal or stamp on a document and, by extension from the lettre de cachet, a mark of official approval.
		In French cachet has been used to mean a seal (either the positive form in wax or stone or the negative form of the die or signet) since at least 1464 (according to the Littré).
		Originally lettres de cachet were patents or general orders from the king stamped by him and usually countersigned by ministers.
	blogs.baltimoresun.com /about_language/2006/01/misplaced_elega.html (790 words)

	LETTRES DE CACHET - Online Information article about LETTRES DE CACHET
		The best-known lettres de cachet, however, were those which may be called penal, by which the king sentenced a subject without trial and without an opportunity of See also:
		The lettre de cachet belonged to the class of lettres closes, as opposed to lettres patentes, which contained the expression of the legal and permanent will of the king, and had to be furnished with the seal of state affixed by the See also:
		household, addressed a circular to the intendants and the lieutenant of police with a view to preventing the crying abuses connected with the issue of lettres de cachet.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /LEO_LOB/LETTRES_DE_CACHET.html (1428 words)

	Voltaire an outline biography
		This work favourably commented upon the relative ease with which educated commoners in England might take up occupations and professions, it also strongly suggested that there was a degree of press freedom, of equality of taxation, and of respect shown to the individual, and to the law, in England that should be emulated elsewhere.
		His Lettres anglaises ou philosophiques effectively constituted a covert attack upon the political and ecclesiastical institutions of France and thus brought him into conflict with the authorities.
		A copy of the Dictionnaire philosophique was actually burned at the same time as the unfortunate young Chevalier de la Barre, who had neglected to take of his hat, and kneel, during the passing of a religious procession.
	www.age-of-the-sage.org /philosophy/voltaire.html (1937 words)

	Placets et lettres de cachet - justice.cloppy.net
		Une lettre de cachet peut Ãªtre expÃ©diÃ©e du mouvement du roi.
		90% des lettres de cachet Ã©taient demandÃ©es par les familles en vue de l'emprisonnement des marginaux et dÃ©viants, donc des fous.
		De caractÃ¨re inquisitoire et secrÃ¨te, elle aboutit Ã une comparution de l'accusÃ© devant une juridiction siÃ©geant gÃ©nÃ©ralement Ã huis clos sans l'assistance d'un avocat.
	justice.cloppy.net /blog/?postid=54 (1489 words)

	The Marquis de Sade: Timeline (1772-1790)
		December 8, Sade is arrested in Savoy by means of a lettre de cachet arranged by his mother-in-law, Mme de Montreuil.
		January 6, Mme de Montreuil arranges a police raid on La Coste to arrest her son-in-law by means of a lettre de cachet, but he flees in time and goes into deeper hiding.
		April 2, Sade is released from Charenton after the National Assembly votes to abolish lettres de cachet: "I am free at last." However, his wife sues for separation and Sade is required to repay her dowry (which he never does).
	neilschaeffer.com /sade/timeline/1772-1790.htm (840 words)

	Voltaire
		To avoid a problem, the powerful Rohan family had a lettre de cachet issued and Voltaire was arrested and taken to the Bastille.
		When an arrest was desired, and no law had been violated, a person of influence could obtain a secret warrant called a lettre de cachet that was countersigned by the secretary of state and stamped with the royal seal.
		The person named in the lettre de cachet was ordered to go to a certain prison or into exile, either abroad or in a certain town within France.
	www.visitvoltaire.com /voltaire_bio.htm (1614 words)

	CHAPTER XXVI
		At the news of the dismissal and banishment of M. de Choiseul, a general hue and cry was raised against me and my friends: one might have supposed, by the clamours it occasioned, that the ex-minister had been the atlas of the monarchy; and that, deprived of his succour, the state must fall into ruins.
		There were the princes de Soubise and de Conde, the duc de la Vauguyon, the comtes de Broglie, de Maillebois, and de Castries, the marquis de Monteynard and many others, equally anxious for a tempting slice of the ministry, and who would have made but one mouthful of the finest and best.
		Certainly M. de Soubise must have lost his reason, when he supposed that the successor of M. de Choiseul would be himself, the most insignificant prince of France; he only could suppose that he was equal to such an elevation.
	www.globusz.com /ebooks/Barry/00000036.htm (2891 words)

	Chapter Lettre de Cachet <i>to</i> Libel of L by Brewer's Phrase & Fable (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Chapter Lettre de Cachet to Libel of L by Brewer's Phrase and Fable
		An arbitrary warrant of imprisonment; a letter folded and sealed with the king's cachet or little seal.
		Lettre de Jerusalem A letter written to extort money.
	www.bibliomania.com /2/3/255/1177/23250/1.html (613 words)

	[No title]
		Suspicion that a so called 'meneur des loups' (the persistent legend of a man who runs with and trains wild wolves) might have been responsible for the killings was widespread and represents one, but only one, of the more acceptable explanations.
		The official was disciplined by the dreaded, 'lettre de cachet' from Versailles, under which he could have vanished into the Bastille forever --yet more evidence of the pressure originating from the King.
		Denneval was in turn replaced by Antoine de Beauterne, head of the royal hunt, who is alleged to have cheated by shooting a large wolf, the 'Loup de Chazes', released near him after it had been caught in a leg trap (its leg was later found to be broken).
	labete.7hunters.net /labetereturns.htm (5416 words)

	Illustrious People
		Comte de (count of) Mirabeau, Honoré-Gabriel Riqueti, French politician and orator, one of the greatest figures in the National Assembly that governed France during the early phases of the French Revolution.
		Reconciled with his father, he married a rich Provençal heiress, Émilie de Marignane, in 1772, but his heavy spending and further misconduct led his father to have him imprisoned under another lettre de cachet in order to put him out of reach of his creditors.
		Having obtained permission to visit the town of Pontarlier, he there met his "Sophie"--who, in fact, was the marquise de Monnier, Marie-Thérèse-Richard de Ruffey, the young wife of a very old man. He eventually escaped to Switzerland, where Sophie joined him; the couple then made their way to Holland, where Mirabeau was arrested in 1777.
	gallery.euroweb.hu /database/glossary/illustr2/mirabeau.html (1943 words)

	Lettre de cachet biography .ms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		They contained orders directly from the king, often to enforce arbitrary actions and judgements that could not be appealed.
		The best-known lettres de cachet, however, were penal, by which a subject was sentenced without trial and without an opportunity of defense to imprisonment in a state prison or an ordinary jail, confinement in a convent or a hospital, transportation to the colonies, or expulsion to another part of the realm.
		Lettres de cachet were abolished after the French Revolution by the Constituent Assembly, but Napoleon reestablished their equivalent by a political measure in the decree of the 8th of March 1801 on the state prisons.
	www.biography.ms /Lettre_de_cachet.html (856 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for lettre
		It was begun c.1369 by Hugh Aubriot, provost of the merchants [mayor] of Paris under King Charles V. Arbitrary and secret imprisonment by lettre de
		Fénelon, François de Salignac de la Mothe, 1651-1715, French theologian and writer, a leader of the quietism heresy, archbishop of Cambrai.
		The parlement consisted of a number of separate chambers: the central pleading chamber, called the Grand-Chambre; the Chambre des Requêtes (to deal with petitions) and the Chambre des Enquêtes (to handle inquests); the Chambre de
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=lettre (550 words)

	Lettre de cachet - Wikipédia
		Dans un sens général, il s’agit d’une sorte de lettre close (par oppositions aux lettres patentes, c’est-à-dire ouvertes), scellée par le sceau du secret.
		La lettre de cachet devient un ordre privatif de liberté, requérant l’emprisonnement, l’élargissement ou l’éloignement d'une personne.
		De 1741 à 1775, près de 20 000 lettres sont ainsi expédiées.
	fr.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lettre_de_cachet (668 words)

	A Letter from Prison by The Marquis de Sade
		This illuminating letter was written shortly after Sade was imprisoned on a lettre de cachet (basically an agreement whereby a wealthy patron agreed to pay prison expenses to keep an individual imprisoned).
		Upon his return, he was seized and would spend the next thirteen years imprisoned: first at the royal chateau at Vincennes, then at the Bastille, where some allege him to have been the provocateur that led the masses to sack said prison.
		Unfortunately for Sade, he was moved to the Charenton insane asylum two weeks prior to the famous storming, which resulted in the loss of his manuscripts and probably kept him from an improbable elevation to Revolutionary Hero status.
	www.absinthe-literary-review.com /archives/marquis_de_sade.htm (1160 words)

	Lettre de Cachet (i.e. arrest warrant) signed "Louis" (secretarial signature for Louis XVI), to the administrators of ...
		In spite of the order to detain him in Paris, it is stated at the end that he was brought from Paris to Brienne on 19 August by the Sieur Sancerre, Inspector of Police.
		The term lettre de cachet, literally a sealed letter, was originally used for any letter containing a direct order signed by or in the name of the King of France.
		However it came to mean particularly a letter by which the Crown could command the arrest and imprisonment of a subject without trial and without any opportunity to submit a defence.
	www.maggs.com /title/AU4258.asp (379 words)

	Letter de Cachet Synopsis
		A lettre de Cachet is a 17th century term applied to a "private, sealed document, issued as a communication from the king.
		The Marechal de Viry, whom he was originally intended to marry, no longer lived; but eventually he is married to Julie D'Humierie-the mother of Gustave-whom he admitted he never loved.
		Armina became insane with the news of the death of her children and is admitted to a public hospital where she eventually dies.
	www.unl.edu /Corvey/html/Projects/CorveyNovels/Gore/LetterSynopsis.htm (2958 words)

	The President and the Marquis: Habeas corpus vs. lettres de cachet :: from www.uruknet.info :: news from occupied Iraq ...
		The President and the Marquis: Habeas corpus vs. lettres de cachet :: from www.uruknet.info :: news from occupied Iraq - it
		Lettres de cachet were letters bearing the imprint of the King of France, under the royal seal or "cachet", which removed the individuals named therein from the regular judicial system and placed them under the personal arrest of the King.
		Lettres de cachet could be petitioned for and many an enemy or rival was dispensed, sometimes permanently, in this way.
	www.uruknet.info /?p=m27637 (2413 words)

	AllRefer.com - lettre de cachet (French History) - Encyclopedia
		AllRefer.com - lettre de cachet (French History) - Encyclopedia
		lettre de cachet[le´tru du kAshA´] Pronunciation Key, formerly in French law, private, sealed document, issued as a communication from the king.
		More articles from AllRefer Reference on lettre de cachet
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/L/lettrede.html (234 words)

	Columns: The United States is starting to look more like Bush's kingdom
		In 17th century France the king could arbitrarily order someone's imprisonment in the Bastille by issuing a lettre de cachet.
		The executive authorization didn't have to designate a term of imprisonment and there was no appeal.
		Who needs to bother with due process when lettres de cachet are available and the populace is more than willing to go along?
	www.sptimes.com /2002/11/10/news_pf/Columns/The_United_States_is_.shtml (793 words)

	World Prout Assembly: Lettre de cachet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		They await the political and civic energies of individuals who engage the arenas of power, multiply their numbers and emblazon in deeds and institutions the immortal principle that "Here the People Rule." - Ralph Nader
		Today the Patriot Act gives the government the power to use "National Security Letters" to spy on American citizens.
		Last Updated December 14, 2005 02:06 PM Disclaimer: The views expressed in this article are the sole responsibility of the author and
	www.worldproutassembly.org /archives/2005/12/lettre_de_cache.html (1440 words)

	The Edward M. Gilbert Collection - Part II France and Colonies
		Lettre récupérée et remise dans le circuit postal en Mars 1926 avec mention manuscrite au verso (Photo)
		Air #3, 1928 "Ile de France" 10Fr on Berthelot 90c Red, cesed with 50c Sower, tied to post card by Octagonal "New York au Havre" August 23 datestamp, 6-line first flight cachet stamped alongside, August 23 Paris Gare du Nord receiving mark on picture side, very rare and Very Fine (Scott #C3, 146).
		War Stamps #11914 Valenciennes Provisional 10c Vermilion block of 4 on cover to Cambrai with double-oval cachet and 18 Oc 1914 datestamp, large blue cachet alongside, vertical file fold affects nothing on this rare and Very Fine cover.1914, 10c vermillon en bloc de 4 oblitéré sur lettre de Valenciennes pour Cambrai Octobre 1914 (Photo)
	www.hrharmer.com /sales/2951/HTML/2951_11.html (2656 words)

	Infoplease Search: lettre de motivation
		(Encyclopedia) lettre de cachet, formerly in French law, private, sealed document, issued as a communication from...
		of Phrase and Fable) Jean de Lettre (Mr.
		An arbitrary warrant of imprisonment; a letter folded and sealed with...
	www.infoplease.com /search?query=lettre+de+motivation (181 words)

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