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Topic: Levator ani

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	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal
		The Levator ani arises, in front, from the posterior surface of the superior ramus of the pubis lateral to the symphysis; behind, from the inner surface of the spine of the ischium; and between these two points, from the obturator fascia.
		The Levator ani is supplied by a branch from the fourth sacral nerve and by a branch which is sometimes derived from the perineal, sometimes from the inferior hemorrhoidal division of the pudendal nerve.
		Levator Ani Syndrome (also known as levator syndrome and proctodynia) is episodic rectal pain, caused by spasm of the levator ani muscle.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=levator_ani (503 words)

	Dr. Koop - Levator Syndrome- Health Encyclopedia and Reference
		Levator syndrome consists of pain, pressure, and discomfort in the region of the rectum, sacrum, and coccyx, which appears to be aggravated by sitting.
		Tenderness and muscle spasm affecting the levator ani muscles are the principal symptoms of this disorder.
		A variant of the levator syndrome is proctalgia fugax, a feeling of severe pain in the rectum which generally occurs at night and which will awaken the patient from a sound sleep.
	www.drkoop.com /encyclopedia/93/373/Levator_Syndrome.html (500 words)

	IV. Myology. 6e. The Muscles and Fasciæ of the Pelvis. Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body.
		The irregularity of this line is due to the fact that the origin of the Levator ani, which in lower forms is from the pelvic brim, is in man lower down, on the obturator fascia.
		In the female the anterior fibers of the Levator ani descend upon the side of the vagina.
		The Iliococcygeus arises from the ischial spine and from the posterior part of the tendinous arch of the pelvic fascia, and is attached to the coccyx and anococcygeal raphé; it is usually thin, and may fail entirely, or be largely replaced by fibrous tissue.
	www.bartleby.com /107/119.html (1653 words)

	Proctalgia Fugax and Levator Ani Syndrome - New Treatments, May 2, 2008
		Levator ani syndrome and proctalgia fugax are more common in patients under age 45, and psychological factors.
		Levator Ani Syndrome is caused by chronic tension of the levator muscle.
		Levator ani syndrome is characterized by a vague, indefinite rectal discomfort or pain.
	www.medical-library.org /journals2a/levator_ani.htm (153 words)

	Levator ani - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Levator ani arises, in front, from the posterior surface of the superior ramus of the pubis lateral to the symphysis; behind, from the inner surface of the spine of the ischium; and between these two points, from the obturator fascia.
		In the female the anterior fibers of the Levator ani descend upon the side of the vagina.
		The Levator ani is supplied by a branch from the fourth sacral nerve and by a branch which is sometimes derived from the perineal, sometimes from the inferior hemorrhoidal division of the pudendal nerve.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Levator_ani (547 words)

	eMedicine - Rectocele : Article by Howard A Shaw, MD, FACOG
		The levator ani muscles are attached to the bony pelvis anteriorly and posteriorly; laterally, they are attached to the arcus tendineus musculi levatoris ani, which overlie the obturator internus muscles of the pelvic sidewalls.
		Approximating the levator muscles in the midline increases the length of the levator plate, shortens the longitudinal and transverse diameters of the genital hiatus, and improves the competence of the pelvic valve.
		The vagina in level II is attached to the arcus tendineus fascia of the pelvis and superior fascia of the levator ani.
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic3325.htm (5848 words)

	Prostatitis Muscle Spasm Levator Ani Myofascial Tension
		Levator ani syndrome refers to chronic or recurrent rectal pain or aching, with episodes lasting 20 minutes or longer in the absence of organic disease that could account for the pain.
		The physical examination of patients with levator ani syndrome and proctalgia fugax usually is unremarkable.
		Grant noted that in patients with levator ani syndrome, their levator muscle may be felt as a firm band beneath the examining finger as it is passed from a lateral to an anterior position within the rectum.
	www.chronicprostatitis.com /spasm.html (1481 words)

	Levator Syndrome: Anorectal Disorders: Merck Manual Professional
		Introduction· Anal Fissure· Anorectal Abscess· Anorectal Fistula· Fecal Incontinence· Hemorrhoids·Levator Syndrome· Pilonidal Disease· Proctitis· Pruritus Ani· Rectal Prolapse and Procidentia
		Proctalgia fugax (fleeting pain in the rectum) and coccydynia (pain in the coccygeal region) are variants of levator syndrome.
		Physical examination is often normal, although tenderness or tightness of the levator muscle, usually on the left, may be present.
	www.merck.com /mmpe/sec02/ch020/ch020g.html (257 words)

	Glazer/Romanzi/Polaneczky
		The levator ani, or pelvic floor muscles form the floor of the bony pelvic and surrounds the urethra, vagina and anal canal providing support for all these lower abdominal organs and interdigitating with fibers of the external urethral and external anal sphincters.
		The posterior of the levator ani, the iliococcygeus muscle, anchors above the tendinous arch of the levator ani muscle and to the spine of the ischium and below attaches to the anococcygeal body and to the last two segments of the coccyx.
		The levator ani interdigitates with the external urethral and anal sphincters for continence.
	www.vulvodynia.com /dia_vv_ab6.htm (0 words)

	MR-Based Three-Dimensional Modeling of the Normal Pelvic Floor in Women: Quantification of Muscle Mass -- Fielding et ...
		of the levator ani was 46.6 ml, the average width of the levator
		A widened levator hiatus that correlates with the
		Magnetic resonance imaging of the levator ani with anatomic correlation.
	www.ajronline.org /cgi/content/full/174/3/657 (2398 words)

	Effects of castration and androgen treatment on androgen-receptor levels in rat skeletal muscles -- Antonio et al. 87 ...
		Western blot of the levator ani (A), bulbocavernosus (B), and plantaris muscles.
		In the rat, the bulbocavernosus and levator ani muscles, which play a major role in copulation and/or ejaculation (4),
		Venable, J. Morphology of the cells of normal, testosterone-deprived and testosterone-stimulated levator ani muscles.
	jap.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/87/6/2016 (2564 words)

	Prostatitis -- Levator Ani Syndrome
		The effects of biofeedback (BF) on pain relief and anorectal physiology in patients with levator ani syndrome (LAS) were prospectively studied.
		Forty-five patients with levator syndrome were treated by high voltage electrogalvanic stimulation of the levator ani by means of an intra-anal probe.
		High voltage electrogalvanic stimulation is the treatment of choice for levator syndrome because it can be standardized, is well tolerated, and is over 90 percent effective.
	www.prostatitis.org /las.html (363 words)

	tendinous arch of levator ani muscle Information from Drugs.com
		Stedman's > tendinous arch of levator ani muscle
		a thickened portion of the obturator fascia on the medial aspect of the obturator internus (muscle) that extends in an arching line from the pubis posteriorly to the ischial spine and gives origin to part of the levator ani muscle.
		Synonym(s): arcus tendineus musculi levatoris ani TA, arcus tendineus of obturator fascia, arcus tendineus of pelvic diaphragm
	www.drugs.com /dict/tendinous_arch_of_levator_ani_muscle.html (199 words)

	Forceps linked to levator ani problems - Vacuum Also Implicated OB/GYN News - Find Articles
		The reviewers found levator ani abnormalities in 32 (20%) of the 160 primiparous women but in none of the nulliparous women, according to Dr. Kearney of the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
		The second stage of labor averaged an hour longer in women who developed levator ani defects, according to Dr. Kearney Although fetal head circumference and birth weight tended to be greater in women with levator ani injuries, compared with those with normal levator ani muscles, these differences were not significant.
		The patterns of levator ani morphology were based on the width of the iliococcygeus muscle and the iliococcygeal angle, which measured the angle of "take-off" of the ileococcygeus in comparison with an imaginary line drawn between the ischial spines on either side.
	findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0CYD/is_1_38/ai_96891941 (0 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Abnormal expression of p27kip1 protein in levator ani muscle of aging women with pelvic ...
		This suggests that an alteration to the levator ani supportive function may significantly contribute to the pathogenesis of PFD [3], which affect 5% of younger and nearly 50% of elderly women [2].
		The urethra is supported by the action of the levator ani muscles through their connection to the endopelvic fascia of the anterior vaginal wall [7], and the muscles of the levator ani contract during a cough to assist continence [8].
		Since progesterone and androgen receptors are also expressed in the levator ani muscle, and long-term estrogen replacement therapy appears to suppress their expression [26], both the levator ani fascia and muscle might be affected by continuous estrogen replacement.
	www.biomedcentral.com /1472-6890/1/4 (6522 words)

	Chapter 37: The pelvic diaphragm and fascia
		The pubococcygeus, the main part of the levator, runs backward from the body of the pubis toward the coccyx and may be damaged during parturition.
		The coccygeus, situated behind the levator ani and frequently tendinous as much as muscular, extends from the ischial spine to the lateral margin of the sacrum and coccyx.
		The levatores ani, which have been described as a dilator as well as a sphincter, probably serve for the "fixation and prevention of prolapse of the pelvic viscera passing through the levator hiatus" (S. Ayoub, J. Anat., 128:571, 1979).
	www.dartmouth.edu /~humananatomy/part_6/chapter_37.html (641 words)

	Lax Perineum
		Most of the weight of the pelvic viscera is supported by the levator ani, whereas the pelvic ligaments stabilize these structures in position, much as a ship's weight is supported by the water and the moorings simply keep the ship from straying from the dock.
		Because the levator ani is attached at the perineal body, strengthening of the perineal body by perineorrhaphy tightens the levator plate, improving the overall degree of pelvic relaxation.
		In a similar fashion, the posterior vaginal wall in the mid vagina is supported centrally and laterally by the rectovaginal fascia, which is attached to the fascia of the levator ani musculature.
	www.indiandoctors.com /OBGYN/Urogyne/Urogyne_01.htm (1904 words)

	AUGS: Reduced Levator Ani Contractility, Widened Genital Hiatus Predict Recurrent Stress Urinary Incontinence, Pelvic ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The attending physicians assessed levator contraction strength by a digital examination during a voluntary maximal pelvic floor contraction and scored the strength based upon the Oxford 0-5 Classification Scale of muscle strength.
		Patients with a normal levator contraction had had an average of 2.2 children, compared to an average of 3.8 children among those with weakened function (P <.025), although there was no relationship between parity and hiatus size.
		Any question regarding a medical diagnosis, treatment, referral, drug availability or pricing should be directed to either a licensed physician or to the product's manufacturer.
	www.pslgroup.com /dg/244a3a.htm (615 words)

	AUGS: MRI-Based 3D Color Mapping Technique for the Quantification of Levator Muscle Thickness in Patients With Stress ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The levator ani muscle appears to be an important clinical marker for pelvic muscle health.
		Specifically, the average maximal thickness of the right anterior quadrant of the levator was 10.26 mm in the asymptomatic group, 7.53 mm in the USI group, and 6.07 mm in the prolapse group.
		Furthermore, the number of gaps within the left anterior region of the levator was higher in the USI and prolapse groups than in the asymptomatic group.
	www.pslgroup.com /DG/239fba.htm (492 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The levator ani being a principal muscle of the pelvic floor and sharing in the functional activity of the urinary bladder, vagina, rectum and internal reproductive organs (prostate, seminal vesicles, vasal ampulla) may undergo functional disorders that might lead to deranged (fecal and urinary) evacuation and sexual disorder.
		The levator hiatus being plugged by the viscera which are firmly fixed to the levator plate by the hiatal ligament, is immune against increased intraabdominal pressure.
		This is essentially attributable to: (a) atrophy and vertically oblique position of the levator plate leading to its inadequate contraction and, thus, to the failure of the anal canal and vesical neck to open, and (b) leak of the high intraabdominal pressure through the widened levator hiatus to the anal canal and urethra, obstructing them12,13.
	www.pelvicpain.org /resources/pudendi.doc (2976 words)

	Severely overactive rectal sensations
		Any still activity I participate in which extends beyond 10 to 15 minutes is extremely uncomfortable and emotionally draining as I am constantly trying to fight the possibility of passing gas.
		Proctalgia fugax (fleeting pain in the rectum) and coccydynia (pain in the coccygeal region) are variants of the levator syndrome, which occurs in both males and females.
		Physical examination is often normal, although tenderness or tightness of the levator muscle, usually on the left, may be found.
	www.medhelp.org /forums/FamilyPractice/messages/41.html (1262 words)

	Hemorrhoid.net - Levator Syndrome
		The ischiococcygeal syndrome, proctalgia fugax, and coccydynia, are variants of the levator syndrome.
		Often levator syndrome is triggered by a physical malady, like a direct injury to the coccyx, low back pain, anal fissures, abscesses, gas distention of the lower bowel, or prostate disorders.
		Tenderness or tightness of the levator muscle, usually on the left, may be found.
	www.hemorrhoid.net /levator.php (317 words)

	Levator Ani Syndrome: A Real Pain in the Butt!
		Levator ani syndrome, on the other hand, tends to be more constant pain.
		Levator ani syndrome is one cause of chronic pelvic pain.
		In order for most cases of levator ani syndrome to be resolved, trigger point therapy or internal massage on the levator ani/rectal muscles can bring great relief.
	www.healthandfitnessadvices.com /articles/health/levator-ani-syndrome-a-real-pain-in-the-butt.html (367 words)

	Practical MR Imaging of Female Pelvic Floor Weakness -- Fielding 22 (2): 295 -- RadioGraphics
		descent of the levator hiatus and is drawn as a perpendicular
		On the strain image, the H and M lines are elongated and the levator plate is almost vertical (arrowheads), indicating loss of anterior and posterior support.
		The intact, left aspect of the levator ani muscle was in spasm and responded well to biofeedback therapy.
	radiographics.rsnajnls.org /cgi/content/full/22/2/295 (4315 words)

	Levator Ani Syndrome (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Levator Ani Syndrome - 3 December 2004, 12:41:41 PM
		Anything expressed by this member are a matter of personal/professional opinion and not necessarily that of HP or any other parties.
		Coccygodynia is not the same it is distinctly different, as the you say that manipulating the coccyx doesn't aggravate, then the problem is not with the sacro-cooygeal joint.
	www.healthypages.net /forum/tm.asp?m=134952 (727 words)

	levator ani - OneLook Dictionary Search
		We found 3 dictionaries with English definitions that include the word levator ani:
		Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "levator ani" is defined.
		Phrases that include levator ani: tendinous arch of levator ani muscle, levator ani - iliococcygeus
	www.onelook.com /?w=levator+ani&ls=a (98 words)

	Levator Ani Syndrome - New Treatments, May 2, 2007
		Levator ani syndrome refers to chronic or recurrent rectal pain or aching, with episodes lasting 20 minutes or longer in the absence of organic disease that could account for the pain levator ani syndrome, anal pain, rectal pain, proctalgia fugax, proctalgea.
		The levator ani consists of pain in the pelvis.
		One-half to two-thirds of levator ani syndrome sufferers improve.
	www.ccspublishing.com /journals5a/levator_ani_syndrome.htm (0 words)

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