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Topic: Leverett Glacier

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Ross Ice Shelf

	Services provided by Earth Sciences and Geography : Keele University
		Outlet glaciers often appear similar to ordinary valley glaciers, but differ in that they are fed by ice from a nearby ice cap or ice sheet.
		The majority of glacial landforms are produced at the glacier bed (the subglacial zone), where processes of erosion, transport and deposition are at their most active.
		Glacial till is associated with direct deposition from a glacier (in the absence of meltwater) and is characterised by a broad range of particle sizes (hence the old term boulder clay) and lithologies, and a lack of sorting.
	www.esci.keele.ac.uk /services/education/glaciers/gallery.htm (1069 words)

	Pennsylvania Geological Survey: Open-File Reports–Picture Rocks Report Text
		Leverett (1934) revised the ages of glaciation in Pennsylvania, noting that Lewis' (1884) terminal moraine marked the edge of the Wisconsinan aged advance (last advance) of the glacier and that there was a discontinuous belt of Illinoian age and older deposits south of Lewis' border.
		Crowl's terminus is near Leverett's in the southwest draining valleys and Denny and Lyford's (1963) in both the valleys and intervening hilltops.
		The trend of the glacial limits and glacial striations of the older glaciations is similar to that of the late Wisconsinan glacier (Braun, 1994).
	www.dcnr.state.pa.us /topogeo/openfile/prmaptext.aspx (3729 words)

	Description of the Chicago District - Pleistocene
		During the glacial stages the conditions of glaciation so prevailed that the ice advanced far southward, driving the plants and animals before it, destroying and burying in drift those which could not move, and introduced a fauna and flora of the higher latitudes.
		Leverett has estimated that the average thickness of the drift in that part of Illinois covered by deposits of Wisconsin age is 143 to 165 feet.
		Leverett is inclined to correlate with it the till ridge known as Blue Island and the bowlder train which is traceable northward from the north end of this latter ridge in a belt about a mile wide.
	ebeltz.net /folio/cfol-3.html (7363 words)

	Pennsylvania Geological Survey: Open-File Reports – Sonestown Report Text
		Crowl's terminus is near to Leverett's in the south draining valleys and Denny and Lyford's (1963) in both the valleys and intervening hilltops.
		Lewis' explanations of the scarcity of glacial deposits are essentially correct except that the mountains to the north would tend to cause ice stagnation in their lee as the glacier thinned during recession rather than blocking the flow of basal ice.
		This study agrees with Leverett (1934, p.15) that the till at Lungerville is Illinoian in age but further notes that the material is not so deeply oxidized as Illinoian material in the heads of hollows another mile to the south.
	www.dcnr.state.pa.us /topogeo/openfile/sonesmaptext.aspx (4177 words)

	Description of the Chicago District - Glacial Retreat
		It seems probable that the earlier stages of this marginal glacial lake were contemporaneous with the deposition of the mild ridges of the lake-border morainic system, since it is probable that these till ridges mark stages of halt, or of halt and readvance, of the ice front in its retreat from the Valparaiso moraine.
		Leverett suggests that it may appropriately embrace both the points of discharge from the lake to the Desplaines, the one entering at Summit and the one at Sag Bridge.
		The method of formation of a cliff and wave-cut terrace is [shown on figure 8 and] as follows: D A is a land surface sloping gently to a lake the level of which is D'A, A being the original position of the shore.
	ebeltz.net /folio/cfol-4.html (9784 words)

	Association for Women in Science (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Leverett called the Alexandria moraine the Altamont moraine and he attributed its origin to the Des Moines lobe of the Keewatin ice sheet as it advanced from the southwest, overriding older deposits of the Superior lobe of the Patrician ice sheet.
		Leverett did not address the origin of the Blue Mounds, but he cited the uniqueness of the sand and gravel deposits in the context of the surrounding till of the Alexandria moraine.
		To determine the glacial source of the sediment, point counts were conducted on the 1- to 2-mm fraction of the rhythmites and underlying massive sand.
	www.serve.com /awis/v_magmounds.html (2953 words)

	Huron River Net
		The Huron River and its watershed are a result of the retreat of the last glacier (Wisconsin of the Pleistocene Epoch).
		The river was formed by the melt water of the Saginaw and Huron-Erie lobes of the ice sheet.
		As the glacier went through several advances and retreats, the direction of flow andthe outlet changed numerous times (Russell and Leverett 1915).
	huronriver.pinckneymich.net /detailhistory.html (1162 words)

	THE ICING ON THE CAKE — GLACIOLOGY IN EUROPE AND AMERICA: FRANK LEVERETT’S YEAR ABROAD WITH PENCK, BRUCKNER, AND ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Although Leverett’s contributions to American glaciology are widely known, it is less widely recognized that he spent the year of 1908 in Europe studying glacial geomorphology and stratigraphy in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Czechoslovakia, Holland, along the Baltic and in the British Isles.
		Leverett writes about the lectures he attended in Berlin and field trips throughout the countryside.
		Leverett even notes his impressions about the lands and people he was encountering.
	gsa.confex.com /gsa/2004AM/finalprogram/abstract_76374.htm (393 words)

	Millers Creek, Ann Arbor, Michigan - Michigan and Ann Arbor
		The surface geology that determines the shape of the Millers watershed was predominantly formed during the last major deglaciation of the Great Lakes, between 16,000 and 10,000 years ago.
		According to Russell and Leverett (1915), the ancestral Huron River came into being during the build up of the Ft. Wayne moraine, but successively occupied a larger portion of its basin as the ice retreated to the east.
		When the glaciers advance stalled and the ice began to melt and retreat, the materials deposited at the glacier’s melting front built up a ridge, known as an end moraine, marking the furthest extent of the ice advance.
	www.aamillerscreek.org /geological.htm (1153 words)

	Antarctic Explorers: Richard E. Byrd
		As the plane ascended the Liv Glacier, empty tin containers of gasoline and 300 pounds of food were dumped out in order to reduce weight.
		At the foot of the glacier they flew along the front of the Queen Maud Mountains to the base of Amundsen Glacier.
		However, a smaller glacier on the north side of the mountain was accessible and subsequently allowed them to ascend.
	oae_99.tripod.com /text%20files/byrd.htm (5289 words)

	Earth Observatory Feature: Out of the Crevasse Field Page 2
		By deferring the trip across the mountains until later in the journey, the traverse team could reduce the amount of fuel (and therefore, the weight) the vehicles had to carry up the mountains, and keep them running smoothly for a longer period.
		Bindschadler was one of the researchers the Antarctic Traverse planners had consulted for the best possible route, and he liked the Leverett Glacier.
		A small glacier not carrying much ice, it was less likely to hold many crevasses.
	earthobservatory.nasa.gov /Study/Crevasse/crevasse2.html (703 words)

	Antarctica: Operation Deep Freeze I: 1955-56
		In the meantime the GLACIER was dispatched on an oceanographic mission from which she returned January 4th.
		From Atka Bay the GLACIER cruised along the barrier to the vicinity of Maudheim, conducting radar mapping of the periphery of the ice shelf.
		With the departure of the GLACIER from the Antarctic the operational phase of DEEP FREEZE I was concluded.
	www.history.navy.mil /ac/exploration/deepfreeze/ctf.htm (10425 words)

	Xavier Cortada Art in Antarctica
		Each piece in the series was titled after randomly selected names of glaciers and mountains on the continent that inspired their creation.
		Each piece in the series was titled after randomly selected names of glaciers, mountains, coasts, bays and seas of the continent that inspired their creation.
		At the location of the Geographic South Pole 2007 marker, I planted a mangrove seedling from Miami's Biscayne Bay, 25°46'N 80°12'W. Embedded in the moving glacier, the "seedling" will begin sliding downhill (9.9 meters every year) in the direction of the Weddell Sea, 1,400 km away.
	artantarctica.blogspot.com (935 words)

	Montshire Museum: Dispatches From the Ice (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		They are about 100 miles out of town and moving at the lightning pace of 50 miles a day across the permanent sea ice shelf heading toward the Leverett glacier, another 400 or so miles away.
		For those of you who are not familiar with the term crevasse, a crevasse is a large crack in the surface of glacial ice.
		It is caused as a glacier flows across uneven ground and the ice is put under tension and is torn apart.
	www.montshire.org /antarctica_weblog (4057 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Perla and K. Everts 228-235 The lobe structure in ice accreted on an aluminium conductor in the presence of a DC electric field Luan C. Phan, Jean-Louis Laforte and Du D. Nguyen 236-240 Snow and slush on floating lake ice Hans Röthlisberger 241-245 An evaluation of shock waves in unsaturated wet snow A.
		Brugnot 298 Abstract Numerical modelling of glacier response to a perturbation in thickness Keith Echelmeyer 298 Abstract Measuring snow water equivalent by cosmic radiation W.
		Denoth and A. Fogler 322 Abstract Heat balance of a maritime glacier in Gongga mountains, and a discussion of imbalance Han Yuan-jie 323 Abstract Photographic studies on snowfall intensity in connection with visibility in a snowfall H.
	www.geo.unizh.ch /~fpaul/aglac.txt (4568 words)

	Antarctic
		An engineering assessment of tractor pulling power, as well as an evaluation of the structural integrity and flexibility of ski undercarriages is also part of the seasonal plan.
		Three swings, each successfully completing three round trips from McMurdo Station to South Pole and return during one austral summer season, would be equivalent to 84 Hercules LC-130 flights to the Pole, and would allow larger objects to be carried than could be fitted into an LC-130.
		In the U.S. the NSF has filed a public "Notice of Intent" to proceed with the submission of a Comprehensive Environmental Evaluation (CEE) for the Development and Implementation of Overland Traverse Capabilities in Antarctica.
	www.antarctic.org.nz /pages/journal/articles/art34.php (961 words)

	Master's Theses in Geology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Erosional Surfaces and glacial geology along the southwest flank of the Crazy Mountains, Montana, 151 pp.
		Glaciation of the Boulder river area, southcentral Montana, 109 pp.
		Late Pleistocene glacier dynamics of southwestern Montana and adjacent Idaho and paleoclimatic implications, 160 pp.
	www.montana.edu /~wwwes/programs/geologytheses.htm (2255 words)

	Geological Sciences at Arizona State University : Edmund Stump (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Stump, E., P.H. Lowry, G.M. Heintz-Stocker and P.V. Colbert, 1978, Geological investigations in the Leverett Glacier Area: Antarctic Jour.
		Stump, E., M.F. Sheridan, S.G. Borg, P.H. Lowry and P.V. Colbert, 1979, Geological Investigations in the Scott Glacier and Byrd Glacier areas: Antarctic Jour.
		Stump, E., and Fitzgerald, P. G., 1997, Geology and regional significance of the Cox Peaks roof pendant, central Scott Glacier area, Antarctica, in, Ricci, C. A., ed., The Antarctic Region: Geological Evolution and Processes: Siena, Terra Antarctica Publication, p.
	geology.asu.edu /people/faculty/stump (1940 words)

	Got \| Apex? Forums - US building highway to the South Pole
		Construction of the ice road involves clearing the route of snow, bulldozing rough ice and filling in crevasses.
		Oh and I'm glad I'm not the schmuck who is responsible for shoveling the snow off that puppy.
		It's technically not a road of the "fl asphalt" nature, but rather they are just clearing ice structures and filling in the crevices that exist along the way.
	www.gotapex.com /forums/printthread.php?t=56364 (761 words)

	Satellite images help find safe routes to South Pole
		The routes start at the McMurdo Station, the main entryway to Antarctica - some 850 miles from the South Pole - and head towards the Leverett Glacier in the Transantarctic mountains.
		Overland travel across the stretch of the ice shelf between McMurdo and the glacier is fraught with dangers because of deep crevasses that lie hidden under snow.
		Past this corridor, beyond the ice shelf to the South Pole, lies a decidedly safer terrain.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2002-02/osu-sih022002.php (600 words)

	Dispatches From Afar: November 2004
		I was supposed to work with this group for a week before switching out with another from our dept, but one of us had to fill in unexpectedly elsewhere and it made sense to keep me in the field the second week.
		Erin Pettit (Univ. of WA) is the Primary Investigator on a project involving placing ablation stakes and tilt sensors on the sides, and seismometers on and near the glacier, all to measure calving and strain.
		The Taylor was chosen because it most mimics tidewater glaciers by ending in a lake (the West Lobe of Lake Bonney) and for other reasons as well.
	susansadventures.blogspot.com /2004_11_01_susansadventures_archive.html (3425 words)

	Stelmo's Glaciers Interviews (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Apart from theorizing, digging pits and failing to drill holes to the bottom of glaciers, there was nothing much else to do but measure thickness badly (using geophysical methods)and flow rate laboriously (using a theodolite followed by weeks with trigonometric tables).
		In this respect, glacier studies are comparatively simple: bears, weather and aircraft are the main sources of resistance.
		Furthermore there is the solitude, the white color of glaciers, the sky and the mightiness of nature which I admire.
	joinme.net /stelmo/interviews.html (6113 words)

	News Archives from Antarctica - Antarctic Connection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		We not only got onto the Leverett Glacier, we went up the darn thing and camped and left tracks on the polar plateau for the first time in the traverse history," said project manager John Wright.
		The goal of the South Pole Proof of Concept Traverse project is to test the feasibility of hauling cargo from McMurdo to Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, in order to take some of the burden off the limited flights.
		The planned route crosses the Ross Ice Shelf, climbs the Leverett Glacier through the Transantarctic Mountains, then continues across the plateau to the pole.
	antarcticconnection.com /antarctic/news/2005-2/051605trailblzr.shtml (654 words)

	Antarctic Ice Paintings 2007
		Xavier Cortada, recipient of a 2006-2007 National Science Foundation Antarctic Artists and Writers fellowship, traveled to Antarctica to implement a series of projects and installations.
		While there, the Miami artist created “ice paintings” using sea ice, glacier and sediment samples provided to him by scientists working in Antarctica.
		The artist titled the works on paper by randomly selecting the names of geographic features from a map of the continent that inspired their creation.
	www.cortada.com /antarctica/icepaintings (269 words)

	Leverett Glacier (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Discovered in December 1929 by the Byrd AE geological party under Laurence Gould, and named by him for Frank Leverett, eminent geologist at the University of Michigan and authority on glacial geology of the central United States.
		This page was last modified 23:00, 10 May 2005.
		The article about Leverett Glacier contains information related to Leverett Glacier.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Leverett_Glacier (73 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Science/Nature \| Highway to the South Pole (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Or rather, east from McMurdo Sound then traverse the Ross Ice Shelf, ascend the Leverett Glacier and turn due south for the Pole.
		The pathfinding engineers reported that the first 48 km (30 miles) were relatively easy but then they had to cross an ice-shear zone.
		Next Antarctic spring, a larger convoy of tractors and trailers will set out for the Leverett Glacier, the chosen route through the Transantarctic Mountains.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/science/nature/2822125.stm (595 words)

	Photo Gallery - Replacement Window - Boston, Massachusetts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Glacier Windows crew has been installing residential and commercial windows and doors since 1988.
		Glacier has an extensive history in commercial window and door replacement (buildings with > 500 to 1,000 windows and doors), but we also specialize in residential windows and doors.
		Your browser does not support inline frames or is currently configured not to display inline frames.
	www.glacierwindows.com /gallery.html (113 words)

	Montshire Museum: Dispatches From the Ice [3] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In discussing the traverse, I have to say that this year it was a success although it did not come close to reaching the proposed goals.
		The greatest shortcoming was that we fell far short of our goal of reaching the top of the Leverett glacier, traversing only about 400 miles from McMurdo.
		While there have been several traverses and many air landings on the Ross Ice Shelf, no one has taken the route we chose, and especially no one with such an extensive and heavy traverse train.
	www.montshire.net /antarctica_weblog/part3.html (1393 words)

	American road-building crew heading towards the South Pole
		The Star said a line of tractors and towed supplies left McMurdo station on Tuesday pulling enough gear to get seven men two-thirds of the way to the South Pole.
		They are to head through the highly crevassed area called the shear zone, across the Ross Ice Shelf and to the Leverett Glacier, the chosen route through the Transantarctic Mountains.
		The challenge this year is to reach the Leverett Glacier and progress as far as possible up the glacier towards the polar plateau.
	quickstart.clari.net /qs_se/webnews/wed/cn/Qantarctica-road.R-W8_DNO.html (287 words)

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