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	Lexical analysis - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		When the lexical analyzer lands on the dead state, it is done; it goes back to the last accepting state, and thus has the type and length of the longest valid lexeme.
		However, since the lexical analyzer is the subsystem that must examine every single character of the input, it can be a compute-intensive step whose performance is critical, such as when used in a compiler.
		Lexical and Grammatical Variation in a Corpus: A Computer-Assisted Study of Discourse on the Environment (Duisburger Arbeiten Zur Sprach- Und Kulturwissenschaft, Bd.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /lexical_analysis.htm (784 words)

	Lexical chains and conceptual blending
		A lexicalized concept is a concept (idea) which has been expressed as a word in the vocabulary of a given language.
		Lexical chain analysis (LCA) arises from the semantic connections between words which are typically derived from large lexical databases such as WordNet.
		Lexical chains capture the cohesive portions of the text and have been shown to mirror the discourse structure of the text (Morris and Hirst 1991).
	www.arch.usyd.edu.au /~adong/research/book/lexicalchains.xml (680 words)

	Lexical analysis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Lexical analysis is the process of taking an input string of characters (such as the source code of a computer program) and producing a sequence of symbols called "lexical tokens", or just "tokens", which may be handled more easily by a parser.
		Though it is possible and sometimes necessary to write a lexer by hand, lexers are often generated by automated tools.
		The Lex programming tool and its compiler is designed to generate code for fast lexical analysers based on a formal description of the lexical syntax.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lexical_analysis (670 words)

	Ulex: A Lexical Analyzer Generator for Unicon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Ulex uses regular expression notation to specify lexical analysis; the lexical structure of many languages can be concisely and precisely stated using this notation..
		The generated lexical analyzer must recognize the words of this language, which will be handled by the parser.
		This way when the lexical analyzer returns the integer code for name or number, the parser knows to look in yylval for the actual name or number that was matched.
	unicon.sourceforge.net /utr/utr2/utr2a.html (1457 words)

	Lexical Approach to L2 Teaching
		It is based on the idea that an important part of language acquisition is the ability to comprehend and produce lexical phrases as unanalyzed wholes, or "chunks," and that these chunks become the raw data by which learners perceive patterns of language traditionally thought of as grammar (Lewis, 1993, p.
		Lexical approach advocates argue that language consists of meaningful chunks that, when combined, produce continuous coherent text, and only a minority of spoken sentences are entirely novel creations.
		For example, Cowie (1988) argues that the existence of lexical units in a language such as English serves the needs of both native English speakers and English language learners, who are as predisposed to store and reuse them as they are to generate them from scratch.
	www.cal.org /resources/digest/0102lexical.html (1587 words)

	Vol 36 No 3, July - September 1998 Page 22
		Because lexical phrases are context-bound and high in frequency, they can be easily acquired as wholes because of the recurrent association of form-context-function without the need to know their internal constituents.
		Lexical phrases offer a balance because they allow teachers to foster both accessibility and analyzability and thus contribute to the development of the learner’s grammatical and pragmatic competence.
		If indeed lexical phrases are an ideal unit for teaching, and given that our aim is to develop grammatical and pragmatic competence in learners, the question arises as to which phrases are the most effective for teaching.
	exchanges.state.gov /forum/vols/vol36/no3/p22.htm (2413 words)

	Lexical analysis: the Lex library
		For example a lexical grammar for Eiffel will specify that Identifier is the token type whose specimens are sequences of one or more characters, of which the first must be a letter (lower-case or upper-case) and any subsequent one is a letter, a digit (0 to 9) or an underscore.
		A lexical analyzer is an object equipped with operations that enable it to read a text according to a known lexical grammar and to identify the text's successive tokens.
		An instance of LEXICAL is a lexical analyzer for a certain lexical grammar.
	docs.eiffel.com /eiffelstudio/libraries/lex/content (4603 words)

	Lexical Rules (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Lexical rules provide a mechanism for expressing redundancies in the lexicon, such as the kinds of inflectional morphology used for word classes, derivational morphology as found with suffixes and prefixes, as well as zero-derivations as found with detransitivization, nominalization of some varieties and so on.
		The lexical rule system of ALE is productive in that it allows lexical rules to apply sequentially to their own output or the output of other lexical rules.
		In effect, the above lexical rule produces a new lexical entry which is like the original entry, except for the fact that one of the elements on the subcat list of the input is removed from the subcat list and added to the inherited value in the output.
	odur.let.rug.nl /~vannoord/doc/ale/guide/node32.html (1482 words)

	ACM Computing Surveys: Lexical Semantics and Automatic Hypertext Construction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Lexical semantics is the study of word meanings and the relationships between them.
		That is, the pattern of topics and subtopics in a document is similar to the pattern of occurrences of different elements of the lexical chains in that document.
		Their lexical chainer keeps all possible interpretations until all the words to be chained have been considered.
	www.cs.brown.edu /memex/ACMCSHT/48/48.html (2163 words)

	Pustejovsky and Boguraev: A Core Lexical Engine: The Contextual Determination of Word Sense
		The initial thrust of the project was on both the theoretical foundations for the lexical representation language used in the project, known as Generative Lexicon (GL) Theory (Pustejovsky, 1991,1995), as well as on development of the acquisition tools for data mining over corpora.
		The most advanced device for imposing structure on lexical information is that of inheritance, both at the object (lexical items) and meta (lexical concepts) levels of lexicon.
		In particular, we demonstrate how lexical ambiguity resolution---now an integral part of the same procedure that creates the semantic interpretation of a sentence itself---becomes a process not of selecting from a pre-determined set of senses, but of highlighting certain lexical properties brought forth by, and relevant to, the current context.
	cslu.cse.ogi.edu /nsf/isgw97/reports/pustejovsky.html (1098 words)

	Lexical Analysis - Table of Contents (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Comments are character sequences to be ignored, while basic symbols are character sequences that correspond to terminal symbols of the grammar defining the phrase structure of the input (see Context-Free Grammars and Parsing of Syntactic Analysis).
		Since certain lexical structures are common to many languages, Eli provides a library of definitions that can be invoked simply be giving their names.
		Complex lexical analysis problems may require modification of the behavior of the generated module; Chapter 6 discusses the possibilities.
	eli-project.sourceforge.net /elionline4.4/lex_toc.html (403 words)

	Designing The Lexical Analyzer
		When I first went to design the lexical analyzer, the main goal I had in mind was to make it as simple as possible.
		I decided to separate the lexical analyzer from the grammatical parser in order to more easily leverage its functionality as a tool that is able to disassemble and 'understand' the text that makes up the C# code file.
		Most functional lexical analyzers are just made up of a set of functions, trying to discover what the next character is. Most object oriented lexical analyzers are the same as the functional ones, just wrapped in a class.
	weblogs.asp.net /okloeten/articles/181974.aspx (978 words)

	Issue PROCLAIM-LEXICAL
		That is, variables declared LEXICAL would be looked up first in the lexical environment (L) and then in the global environment (G) if not found in the lexical.
		Define that a lexical binding of a variable creates a new binding in the lexical environment (L), leaving the global environment (G) and the dynamic environment (D) unaffected.
		However, since arguments over syntax are likely to have plenty of issues of their own, we've separated this proposal for primitive functionality from issues of syntax which can be dealt with separately once this is passed.
	www.nhplace.com /kent/CL/Issues/proclaim-lexical.html (1589 words)

	Lexical semantics - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Lexical semantics is a field in Computer science and Linguistics which deals mainly with word meaning.
		As tools Lexical relations like synonymy, antonymy (opposites), hyponymy and hypernymy are used in this field.
		Cornelia Maria Verspoor, Contextually-Dependent Lexical Semantics, on-line PhD thesis
	open-encyclopedia.com /Lexical_semantics (134 words)

	Amazon.com: Books: Lexical Semantics (Cambridge Textbooks in Linguistics) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Among the topics covered in depth are idiomaticity, lexical ambiguity, synonymy, hierarchical relations such as hyponymy and meronymy, and various types of oppositeness.
		Before embarking on a study of lexical semantics, even one which is avowedly descriptive rather than theoretical in orientation, it is necessary to make explicit certain basic assumptions concerning meaning, and to establish, as far as possible, a consistent method of studying it.
		The approach he describes is one he calls a "contextual" approach--"the semantic properties of a lexical item are fully reflected in appropriate aspects of the relations it contracts with actual and potential contexts".
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0521276438?v=glance (1153 words)

	Breadth and depth of lexical acquisition with hands-on concordancing
		Breadth and depth of lexical acquisition with hands-on concordancing.
		In this paper, the author describes how students, in effect, become concordancers, using concordance and database software to create their own dictionaries of words to be learned.
		Learner corpora can be devised that limit the number of low frequency items on offer, and interfaces can be designed that presuppose less linguistic knowledge and curiosity on the part of the learner.
	www.er.uqam.ca /nobel/r21270/cv/Breadth.htm (3270 words)

	Lexical Rules in Constraint-based Grammars - Edward, Ann (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Abstract: Lexical rules have been used to cover a very diverse range of phenomena in constraintbased grammars.
		Examination of the full range of rules proposed shows that Carpenter's (1991) postulated upper bound on the length of list-valued attributes such as subcat in the lexicon cannot be maintained, leading to unrestricted generative capacity in constraint-based formalisms utilizing HPSG-style lexical rules.
		The Acquisition of Grammar in an Evolving Population of Language..
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /22594.html (1137 words)

	ISO/IEC JTC1/SC18/WG8 - A.2 Lexical Type Definition Requirements (LTDR)
		A "lexical type" is a pattern of characters to which a character string can conform.
		A lexical type declaration associates a name with a lexical model, defining a named lexical type.
		Lexical types defined in accordance with these requirements are used in conjunction with the HyTime lexical model notation (HyLex; see
	www.y12.doe.gov /sgml/wg8/docs/n1920/html/clause-A.2.html (210 words)

	Kavaliauskiene - Using the Lexical Approach for the Acquisition of ESP Vocabulary (I-TESL-J)
		Lexical items can be, in theory, learned de-contextualised, but it does not ensure mastery of the item.
		There is another relevant and quite important point to teaching ESP through lexical items is the students' ability to find an equivalent in L1 to match a lexical phrase in L2.
		ESP lexical phrases may be treated similarly as other chunks -- as ready-made, or prefabricated language units which, once they are learnt, are easily retrievable and accessible.
	iteslj.org /Articles/Kavaliauskiene-LA.html (1597 words)

	ipedia.com: Glottochronology Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		It is analogous to the use of C14 dating of organic materials in that a "lexical...
		It is analogous to the use of C14 dating of organic materials in that a "lexical half-life" is estimated and used to extrapolate to the time the two languages being compared diverged.
		The method presumes that the basic vocabulary may be used as a sort of clock, on the assumption that basic vocabulary changes at a more-or-less constant rate through time.
	www.ipedia.com /glottochronology.html (322 words)

	Interlingual Lexical Organisation for Multilingual Lexical Databases in NADIA - Srasset (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Interlingual Lexical Organisation for Multilingual Lexical Databases in NADIA - Srasset (ResearchIndex)
		Interlingual Lexical Organisation for Multilingual Lexical Databases in NADIA (1994)
		Abstract: We propose a lexical organisation for multilingual lexical databases (MLDB).
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /421905.html (384 words)

	D Programming Language - Lexical
		In D, the lexical analysis is independent of the syntax parsing and the semantic analysis.
		The D lexical grammar is designed to be suitable for high speed scanning, it has a minimum of special case rules, there is only one phase of translation, and to make it easy to write a correct scanner for.
		Special token sequences are processed by the lexical analyzer, may appear between any other tokens, and do not affect the syntax parsing.
	www.digitalmars.com /d/lex.html (1635 words)

	Sense extensions as Lexical Rules - Briscoe (ResearchIndex)
		We argue that this concept of a lexical rule is expressive enough to cover both derivational morphological processes and metonymic and metaphoric sense extensions, and that the application of such rules is productive within nely speci ed subsets of the lexicon identi able via the type system.
		For example, the simplified rule that derives a mass noun from a count noun is: 2 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 4 lexical rule 1...
		Briscoe, E. J., and A. Copestake (1991) `Sense extensions as lexical rules', Proceedings of the IJCAI Workshop on Computational Approaches to Non-Literal Language, Sydney, Australia, pp.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /briscoe91sense.html (380 words)

	Lexical Phrases in ESL the ESL Classroom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Second, textbooks, at least for conversation, often omit the good, juicy lexical phrases that carry lots of emotional force and are of interest to English students who want to be a little more hip in expressing themselves.
		For the speaking class, one way to get a whole lot of good lexical phrases in a semi-realistic way for intermediate level and above is to use videos of daytime soap operas.
		If you are hemmed in by a required textbook, you can always give your textbook conversation a treatment and show the students how it might go by adding lexical phrases that might be used in real life.
	bogglesworld.com /askthomas.htm (977 words)

	Attenuated non-lexical vocabulary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Vocables can be attenuated to a point at which it is no longer lexical and not functionalized either.
		These vocables might have had lexical ancestors that are rooted in other languages.
		In fact, we can only give a detailed account of attenuated vocabulary by searching for its lexical roots; otherwise, in the event that the genealogy is not available, we must rely on some other account that redefines attenuated vocables in more lexical terms.
	www.cecm.sfu.ca /~thalie/PhD/node50.html (188 words)

	ACL-SIGLEX 2005 Workshop on Deep Lexical Acquisition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Automatic lexical acquisition is a more promising and cost-effective approach to take, and is increasingly viable given recent advances in NLP and machine learning technology, and corpus availability.
		One of the biggest current research challenges is how to improve the accuracy of existing acquisition techniques further, at the same time as improving both scalability and robustness.
		Although lexical acquisition has the potential to boost performance in many NLP application tasks, this has yet to be demonstrated for many important applications.
	www.cs.mu.oz.au /~tim/events/acl2005 (568 words)

	Lexical semantics -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Lexical semantics is a field in (The branch of engineering science that studies (with the aid of computers) computable processes and structures) computer science and (The scientific study of language) linguistics which deals mainly with word meaning.
		It covers various theories of the structure of words, the differences and similarities in lexical semantic structure between different languages, and the relationship of word meaning to sentence meaning and syntax.
		Another question is how words map to concepts.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/l/le/lexical_semantics.htm (84 words)

	CoreLex
		This thesis is concerned with a unified approach to the systematic polysemy and underspecification of nouns.
		At the same time, studies in discourse analysis show that lexical items are often left underspecified for a number of related senses.
		The classification algorithm is centered around the computation of a Jaccard (similarity) score that compares lexical items in terms of the attributes (linguistic patterns acquired from domain specific corpora) they share.
	www.cs.brandeis.edu /%7Epaulb/CoreLex/corelex.html (580 words)

	Lexical Resources (New Media Methods @ Loughborough)
		For textual analyses that means inter alia knowledge of the lexical universe of the language, in which your data come.
		For the quantification of several methods, such as frame analysis, it is also important to get an idea about collocations of lexemes.
		Word maps are the most useful lexical helpers for social research with texts.
	www.lboro.ac.uk /research/mmethods/resources/analysis/linguistic.html (460 words)

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