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	Li Hongzhang - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Li Hongzhang was born Li Tongzhang (李銅章) in the village of Qunzhi (群治村) in Modian township (磨店乡), 14 kilometers (9 miles) northeast of downtown Hefei, Anhui.
		Li was always strongly impressed with the necessity of strengthening the empire, and when viceroy of Zhili he raised a large well-drilled and well-armed force, and spent vast sums both in fortifying Port Arthur and the Taku forts and in increasing the navy.
		Li Hongzhang has been generally a target of criticism by the CPC government and was portrayed in many ways as a traitor to the Chinese people, an infamous name that lives in history.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Li_Hongzhang (1024 words)

	Li Hongzhang
		Li Hongzhang (李鴻章) (pinyin: Lǐ Hóngzhāng, Wade-Giles: Li Hung-chang) (February 16, 1823 - 1901), courtesy name Shàoquán (少荃), was a general who ended several major rebellions, statesman and ambassador of the Chinese Qing Empire.
		Li Hongzhang was in charge of China's foreign relations for the Empress Dowager Cixi[?].
		Li was always strongly impressed with the necessity of strengthening the empire, and when viceroy of Chihli he raised a large well-drilled and well- armed force, and spent vast sums both in fortifying Port Arthur and the Taku forts[?] and in increasing the navy.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/li/Li_Hongzhang.html (690 words)

	Li Hongzhang (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Li Hongzhang was born in the village of Qunzhi (群治村), located in Modian township (磨店乡), 14 km./9 miles northeast of downtown Hefei (合肥;), Anhui province.
		Li was always strongly impressed with the necessity of strengthening the empire, and when viceroy of Zhili he raised a large well-drilled and well- armed force, and spent vast sums both in fortifying Port Arthur and the Taku forts and in increasing the navy.
		Because of his prominent role in Chinese diplomacy in Korea and of his strong political connections in the north-eastern provinces (Manchuria), Li Hongzhang found himself leading Chinese forces during the disastrous Sino-Japanese War (1894-1895).
	hallencyclopedia.com /Li_Hongzhang (1197 words)

	Li Hongzhang (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Li Hongzhang was born in the village of Qunzhi (群治村), located in Modian township (磨店乡), 14 km./9 miles northeast of downtown Hefei (additional info and facts about Hefei) (合肥;), Anhui (additional info and facts about Anhui) province.
		In 1859 he was transferred to the province of Fujian (additional info and facts about Fujian), where he was given the rank of taotai, or intendant of circuit (An electrical device that provides a path for electrical current to flow).
		With this support Li gained numerous victories leading to the surrender of Suzhou (additional info and facts about Suzhou) and the capture of Nanjing (A city in eastern China on the Yangtze River; a former capital of China; the scene of a Japanese massacre in the 1930s).
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/l/li/li_hongzhang.htm (815 words)

	li hongzhang (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		On the outbreak of the rebellion of the Nianfei, a remnant of the Taipings, in Henan and Shandong (1866) he was ordered again to take the field, and after some misadventures be succeeded in suppressing the movement.
		The defeat of his relatively modernized troops and a small naval force at the hands of the Japanese greatly undermined his political standing, as well as the wider cause of the Self-Strengthening Movement.
		Li Hongzhang also contributed to the suppression of the Boxer Rebellion.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /li_hongzhang.html (825 words)

	Li - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Lee or Li is a transliteration of several Chinese and Korean family names; see Li (Chinese name) and Lee (Korean name).
		Li is a painting by the surrealist H.
		3000 li, is often used to refer to the Korean nation, as this is the approximate length of the Korean peninsula.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Li (287 words)

	Li Hongzhang (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Li Hongzhang (李鴻章) (pinyin : Lǐ Hóngzhāng Wade-Giles : Li Hung-chang) (February 16 1823 - 1901) courtesy name Shàoquán (字子黻、漸甫，號少荃、儀叟) was general who ended several major rebellions statesman ambassador of the Chinese Qing Empire.
		Li was always strongly impressed with necessity of strengthening the empire and when of Zhili he raised a large well-drilled well- armed force and spent vast sums in fortifying Port Arthur and the Taku forts and in the navy.
		Li Hongzhang si xiang ti xi yan jiu (Wuhan da xue xue shu cong shu)
	www.freeglossary.com /Li_Hung-Chang (886 words)

	Encyclopedia: Beiyang Army
		Its creator, Li Hongzhang, used the customs and tax revenues of the five provinces under his control in the 1880s and 1890s to modernize segments of the Anhui Army, and to build a modern navy (the Beiyang Fleet).
		Li Yuanhong dismissed Duan Qirui from office, and called upon the Northern Army to rally to his side.
		Li Tsung-jen and Li Chi-ch'en controlled the Kwangsi Clique which controlled the provinces of Kwangsi, Hunan, Hupeh, and Kwangtun; Feng Y7uuml;a-hsiang controlled the National People's Army in the northern provinces; Marshal Chang Hsüeh-liang controlled Manchuria; and another warlord, Yen Hsi-shang controlled a small territoryin Shansi.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Beiyang-Army (2907 words)

	Li (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Li is the symbol for the chemical element lithium.
		Family names: Li or Lee is a common transliteration of a few Chinese family names.
		A Chinese unit of distance, 里(Li3), a li is equal to 500 meters, or about 1/3 mile, in ancient times a li was 360 paces, or about 576 meters (古代以三百六十步為一里).
	www.icyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/l/li/li.html (635 words)

	Li Hongzhang - China History Forum, online chinese history forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Li Hongzhang was very concious that he would be remembered as a traitor.
		When Li Hongzhang went to Japan to negotiate war repayments after the Sino Japanese war, he was shot in the head by some hard core Japanese freak.
		Li was a smooth bureaucrat, and he did well in his official career.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /index.php?showtopic=2575 (1978 words)

	Li Hongzhang - Term Explanation on IndexSuche.Com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		(李鴻章) (: Li Hung-chang (February_16, 1823 - 1901), courtesy_name Shàoquán (字子黻、漸甫，號少荃、儀叟), was a general who ended several major rebellions, statesman and ambassador of the Chinese Qing_Empire.
		On the death of the Tongzhi_Emperor in 1875 he, by suddenly introducing, a large armed force into the capital, effected a ''coup_d'etat'' by which the Guangxu_Emperor was put on the throne under the tutelage, of the two dowager_empresses; and in 1886, on the conclusion of the Franco-Chinese_War, he arranged a treaty with France.
		Li was always strongly impressed with the necessity of strengthening the empire, and when viceroy of Zhili he raised a large well-drilled and well- armed force, and spent vast sums both in fortifying Port Arthur and the Taku_forts and in increasing the navy.
	www.indexsuche.com /Li_Hongzhang.html (718 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Chop suey
		It is said to have been invented in New York on August 29, 1896, by cooks of the Chinese diplomat Li Hongzhang who apparently brought his own cooks with him and ate no Western food, even at banquets in his honor.
		After that, "Li Hongzhang Chop Suey" restaruants sprung up all across America, there were three to four hundred Chop Suey restaurants alone in New York city, and there were three thousand people in America made a living by Chop suey, with business totaling several million dollars, "quite a remarkable industry".
		The phrase "杂碎" did not exist in China at the end of 19th century when Li Hongzhang viisted New York City, as a matter of fact, this phrase was not even in 1989 edition of Cihai(辞海).
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Chop_suey (484 words)

	[No title]
		It was Li Hung-chang (Li Hongzhang) who first proposed the teaching of mathematics and the sciences at a government ‘interpreters college’, and who founded China’s earliest modern arsenals; it was Tso Tsung-t’ang (Zuo Zongtang) who planned a large ship-building program.
		Li and Tso were stoutly backed, however, by the Tsungli Yamen (Zongli Yamen) at a time when Prince Kung (Gong) was at the height of his power and when Wen-hsiang (Wenxiang) was still in good health.
		This was a fact that Li Hongzhang was aware of: ‘When the French expanded their colonial empire by occupying Hanoi and Haiphong in 1880 - despite Chinese claims to special rights in the area - and began to pressure China for new concessions in Annam (now Vietnam), Li Hongzhang urged caution..’ (Spence 1990, p 221).
	members.lycos.co.uk /boblindsay/eac2_1.html (2722 words)

	Li Hongzhang History Summary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Li Hongzhang was a leading Chinese official of the latter half of the nineteenth century.
		Li was one of the prime movers behind the flawed Self-Strengthening Movement, which was an effort by the Qing dynasty (1644–1912) to restore power to resist Western encroachments, especially after the Second Opium War.
		Li was unable to stop Japan in the 1894–1895 conflict, although he did negotiate the peace and was responsible for the protocols that ended the western occupation of Beijing after the Boxer Rebellion (1900).
	www.bookrags.com /history/worldhistory/li-hongzhang-ema-03 (269 words)

	Li Hongzhang - China's Greatest Viceroy and Diplomat (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		This caused Earl Li to smile as though he would have said: "What can they want with my bald pate?" Even that fine flwood table, inlaid with mother-of-pearl, upon which his arm rests, is worth noticing; this style of furniture is much used by the wealthy.
		Li maintained, however, the agitation for railways until in 1888, when an active beginning was made, and the work has gone steadily on ever since.
		"Li Hongzhang belongs to the native party, and is ready to resist the encroachments of foreign nations with all the arts of diplomacy at his command."
	www.boondocksnet.com /china/china_uu100_067.html (2297 words)

	Li Hongzhang - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Li Hongzhang (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		He established a modern navy, the Beiyang fleet, 1888, which was humiliatingly destroyed in the Sino-Japanese War.
		Li became aware of the need to ‘learn from the West’ from his association with British general Charles Gordon during the Taiping Rebellion 1850–64, which his regional Anhui army helped to suppress.
		This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Li+Hongzhang (148 words)

	English Channel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		On October 11, 1900, Li Hongzhang, chief minister of the Qing government, came to Beijing from Tianjin under the escort of Russian troops to negotiate with representatives of the Eight£Power Allied Forces.
		Li Hongzhang organized the Anhui army in 1861.
		This was a timetable of Li Hongzhang¡¯s public functions concerning foreigners.
	www.cctv.com /english/TouchChina/China20th/20020510/100069.html (554 words)

	National Defense Through Peace Vs. Rise Through Military Means---A Comparative Study Of Chinese And Japanese National ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Li Hongzhang requested that a clause in the proposed treaty be added, which would state that Korea is part of Chinese territory.
		Yet Li Hongzhang and Yuan Shikai were bamboozled by Japan’s deception, dreaming of a mutual withdrawal that was expected to give China advantages over the Korean problem, while in reality, China was dragged into a confrontation with Japan.
		When Li Hongzhang was still intoxicated with mediation by the powers, the Japanese naval attack on the Chinese fleet in the Toyoshima sea area had started.
	www.uscc.gov /researchpapers/translated_articles/2005/05_07_18_National_Defense_Through_Peace_Vs_Rise_Through_Military_Means.htm (4850 words)

	Welcome to Et-China.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Li Hongzhang hotchpotch (Li Hongzhang dazahui), like Caocao chicken, is another popular dish named after one of Anhui's famous personages.
		Li Hongzhang was a top official of the late Qing Dynasty (1644-1911 AD).
		Upon Li Hongzhang's order, the remaining kitchen ingredients were thrown together into an impromptu stew, containing sea cucumber, squid, tofu, ham, mushroom, chicken meat and other less identifiable food materials!
	news.et-china.com /en/travel/city/hefei/004.asp (311 words)

	Li Hongzhang -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - Your gateway to all Britannica has to offer!
		In 1870, when Li was appointed governor-general of the capital province, Zhili, he was able to build arsenals, found a military academy, establish two modern naval bases, purchase warships, and undertake other “self-strengthening” measures.
		Through modernization he hoped to preserve traditional China, but within traditional China Li's innovations could not develop fully, and he was fatally hampered by the system he was trying to protect.
		A major Chinese poet in the T'ang Dynasty, Li Po was a romantic who wrote about the joys of nature, love, friendship, solitude, and wine.
	concise.britannica.com /ebc/article-9370227 (590 words)

	Li Hongzhang - Famous Ancient Chinese People - Chinese
		Li Hongzhang (Chinese languageChinese: 李鴻章; pinyin: Lǐ H?ngzhāng, Wade-Giles: Li Hung-chang) (February 15, 1823 - November 7, 1901) was a general who ended several major rebellions, and a leading statesman of the late Chinese Qing Empire.
		Li was always strongly impressed with the necessity of strengthening the empire, and when viceroy of Zhili he raised a large well-drilled and well- armed force, and spent vast sums both in fortifying L?shunkouPort Arthur and the Taku forts and in increasing the navy.
		In 1896 he toured Europe and then the United StatesUnited States of America, where he advocated reform of the American immigration policies that had greatly restricted Chinese immigration after the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 (renewed in 1892).
	www.famouschinese.com /virtual/Li_Hongzhang (1087 words)

	Encyclopedia: Li Hongzhang
		On the other hand, they only have work 14 hours to buy a refrigerator.
		Li Hung Chang, photo from 1899 book This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright.
		Chinese personal names follow a number of conventions different from those of Western personal names.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Li-Hongzhang (629 words)

	The second letter from Dr
		Li Hongzhang, a first class warlord and third class diplomat, was responsible for massacring thousands of people in Shanghai.
		Let me mention that speculations on the street indicate that Mr Li Peng was partially involved in the 89' event that resulted the significant loss of Chinese lives.
		As the words that President Jiang and Chairman Li wrote, I do not believe they were anything more creative/artful than the writings of our old President Guo Moruo.
	www.math.iupui.edu /~zshen/Keda791/message/gu_letter2.html (389 words)

	[No title]
		China’s government was weakened as a result of government corruption and rebellions, and it was easy for Li to gain power and assert it over the country.
		The Self Strengthening Movement Who is responsible Li Hongzhang who was the leading figure of the movement.
		Korea was the last piece on land in between China and Japan that wasn’t under direct control by either of the two nations, thus they wanted to be able to control as much land as possible and exert their will over the other nation.
	www.lakesideschool.org /upperschool/departments/history/Faculty/sims/documents/China.doc (2038 words)

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