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	Li Zicheng - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In April 1644, Li's rebels sacked the Ming capital of Beijing, and the last Ming emperor committed suicide.
		Li died after his army was defeated on May 27, 1644 by the Manchus and Wu Sangui, either by committing suicide or was killed by pro-Ming militia during his escape at the age of 40.
		Although the Qing conquest of China was made possible by the Ming Dynasty being weakened by the Li Zicheng rebellion, ironically, official historiography during the Qing Dynasty regarded Li as an illegitimate usurper and bandit.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Li_Zicheng (407 words)

	Closing Doors
		Li Zicheng despised the Ming imperial bureaucracy and blamed its moral depravity for China's ruin.
		Li Zicheng had no problem with the idea of creating a new dynasty, but when obsequious Ming officials offered to instruct him in the duties of emperorship, he put forty-six officials to death and heavily taxed the rest to help pay off his soldiers.
		In the weeks that followed, Li Zicheng grew impatient waiting for General Wu Sangui's forces and turned against the general's family, massacring the lot and hanging the head of Wu's father from the city walls.
	www.koreanhistoryproject.org /Ket/C13/E1307.htm (3302 words)

	Li (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		Li is the symbol for the chemical element lithium.
		Family names: Li or Lee is a common transliteration of a few Chinese family names.
		A Chinese unit of distance, 里(Li3), a li is equal to 500 meters, or about 1/3 mile, in ancient times a li was 360 paces, or about 576 meters (古代以三百六十步為一里).
	www.icyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/l/li/li.html (190 words)

	Li Zicheng - Search Results - MSN Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		Li Zicheng (1605-1645), leader of the peasant rebellion that brought about the fall of the Ming dynasty in China in 1644.
		Li Bai (701-762), Chinese poet, one of the greatest figures of Chinese literature.
		Li Bai (or Li Po) was born into the minor nobility in what is...
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Li_Zicheng.html (107 words)

	www.China-Defense.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		Li Zicheng, who gave himself the title of the Chuang Wang (which means the Dashing King), led and subsequently coined the particular name to the Chuang bandits.
		Li Zicheng's career was similar to that of the murderous and politically inept Zhang Xianzhong, but this supposedly humble and frugal bandit leader would soon find himself playing an important role in determining the fate of China.
		Although it is not known that Li Zicheng was well educated, he was quick to learn and value the advice of the few intellectuals and former government officials that joined his side.
	www.china-defense.com /history/1644/1644-2.html (630 words)

	Manchu Qing Dynasty - Part I -- Political, Social, Cultural, Historical Analysis Of China (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		Li Zicheng retreated to Beijing and decapitated the father of Wu Shangui en route of retreat, and slaughtered Wu Sangui's family prior to exiting Peking.
		Li Zhiting concluded that Wu Sangui had an agreement with Duoerhun in ceding the land to the south of the Yellow River to Manchu.
		Li Zicheng was born in Li-Jiqian castle of Huaiyuanbao in Mizhi county of Shenxi Prov (for which Li Zicheng later proclaimed himself a descendant of Tangut Xi-xia Dynasty Founder at the time of imperial enthronement).
	www.uglychinese.org /manchu.htm (14213 words)

	Li Zicheng: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		Li started to learn horseriding Horse quick summary:
		Henan (), is a province of the peoples republic of china, located in the central part of the country....
		Li died after his army was defeated on May 27, EHandler: no quick summary.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/l/li/li_zicheng.htm (879 words)

	phorum - Chinese Culture Forum at Asiawind - The History of Taiwan (03)
		Li Zicheng (§õ¦Û¦¨) was a poor peasant who lived in Mizhi county in Shaanxi province.ÔE¦è¬Ù, ¦Ì¯×¿¤).
		Li Zicheng captured Beijing on the 25th of April and his followers ransacked the city as the Emperor fled and hid in Prospect Hill, over-looking the Forbidden City, not far from his palace.
		Li Zicheng forced Wu Xiang to urge his son Wu Sangui to surrender.
	www.asiawind.com /forums/read.php?f=2&i=3283&t=3280 (855 words)

	www.China-Defense.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		The main point of Hsi's account is that Wu Sangui defeated Li Zicheng without the Manchus' aid, since the Ming courtiers did not mention the appearance of the Manchus in the battlefield and it was reported that at the time the Manchus were in the vicinity of Shanhaiguan.
		Wu Sangui was aware of Li Zicheng's approach, and in response he badgered the Manchus to quickly enter the frontiers, but negotiations between the Ming and Qing commanders were only concluded a few days before the commencement of the battle.
		Dorgon reasoned that with Li Zicheng leading the bulk of his force toward Shanhaiguan, the capital's defense must be minimal, so Dorgon proposed to send the Manchu army to capture the Chinese capital by the way of Miyun.
	www.china-defense.com /history/1644/1644-10.html (1219 words)

	Freefire Zone Forums - Wu Sangui - Villified Traitor, Opportunist, or Victim of Circumstances? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		The most significant of which was led by Li Zicheng, who had defeated several large Ming armies sent to attack him.
		He could join Li Zicheng, but would be villified by generations of Chinese, for allying with the killer of the last emperor of the Ming.
		Li Zicheng was estimated to have anything between 60000 and 100000 harderned troops but morale was low as the soldiers were far from their home in the western parts of China, and Li had taken harsh disciplinary actions against his troops for military indiscipline.
	www.freefirezone.net /showthread.php?t=5722 (1069 words)

	Zicheng Liu
		Zicheng Liu, Michael L. Seltzer, Alex Acero, Ivan Tashev, Zhengyou Zhang, and Mike Sinclair, IEEE Workshop on Applications of Signal Processing to Audio and Acoustics (WASPAA 05), Mohonk, Oct. 16-19, 2005.
		Yong Rui, Zicheng Liu, Shannon Kallin, Gavin Janke, Cem Paya.
		Qingshan Zhang, Zicheng Liu, Baining Guo, Harry Shum.
	research.microsoft.com /~zliu (853 words)

	b. The Qing Dynasty. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		Peasant rebellion and ethnic strife erupted at the end of the Ming dynasty, and an impoverished central government was no longer able to meet these challenges.
		A rebel band under the command of Li Zicheng (1605?–1645) finally captured the capital at Beijing, and the last Ming emperor committed suicide.
		When Li Zicheng's forces took Beijing in 1644, a Ming general, Wu Sangui (1612–78), in collaboration with Manchu prince regent Dorgon (1612–50), allowed the Manchus to cross the Shanhai Pass into China unhindered rather than surrender to the rebels.
	www.bartleby.com /67/852.html (1250 words)

	Zhuang 015
		The initial threat which it faced came not from the Manchus nor from the rebel armies of Li Zicheng, though these were soon to make their appearance in Guangxi, but from yet another Ming Emperor, the younger brother of the deceased Long-wu, who had been earlier enthroned as the Shao-wu Emperor in Guangdong.
		Li was eventually denounced as a bandit and executed.
		The fact that local hegemons like Li could secure some Zhuang support while the Ming emperor could not emphasizes the degree to which the struggles of the late Ming in Guangxi are best viewed as localized affairs.
	mcel.pacificu.edu /as/resources/zhuang/zhuang15.htm (4274 words)

	What if Wu Sangui didn't surrendar Shanhaiguan - China History Forum, online chinese history forum
		Li's group was to overthrow the Ming, so I don't think Li would tolerate such a powerful Ming figure in his squad.
		Li's squad would probably not accept Wu and Li would have gradually wear him down and chop off his head when the time was right.
		Wu was wise and savvy enough to see that he would not maintain his status under the control of Li; on the other hand, siding with the Manchus would make him their guide to the central plains, and give him prestige far greater than that bestowed upon Hong Cheng Chou.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /index.php?showtopic=5124 (1285 words)

	Pirate King Coxinga And The Fall Of The Ming Dynasty
		An army of disaffected soldiers and peasants, began to march on the capital city, led by the rebel Li Zicheng.
		Li Zicheng, formerly one of the post-riders who delivered mail along China's once-great roads, had been obsessed with seizing control of the Empire from his youth.
		Li Zicheng was the leader of a horde of almost 100,000 soldiers, boiling across the country towards Beijing, gathering still greater numbers as peasants flocked to its tax-free banners.
	www.muramasaindustries.com /fact/pirateking/brightnessfalls.html (1169 words)

	Add new comment \| All Empires (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		Under the able leadership of Li, these peasant forces defeated imperial armies under the personal direction of the emperor, and captured many important cities in north and central China.
		One of Li Zicheng's first acts was to send out messages to the various area commanders all over China, calling upon them to lead their armies and join him.
		Upon receipt of the message he was about to lead his army to the capital when he received news that Li Zicheng had seized his concubine Li Yuan Yuan.
	www.allempires.com /article/index.php?q=comment/reply/130 (6838 words)

	Ming Dynasty - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The end of 1637 saw the defeat and conquest of Míng's traditional ally Korea by a 100,000 strong Manchu army, and the Korean renunciation of the Míng Dynasty.
		On May 26, 1644, Beijing fell to a rebel army led by Li Zicheng.
		Seizing their chance, the Manchus crossed the Great Wall after Míng border general Wu Sangui opened the gates at Shanhai Pass, and quickly overthrew Li's shortlived Shun Dynasty.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ming_Dynasty (4174 words)

	If Dorgan and Haoge came to blows.... - China History Forum, online chinese history forum
		At this point, Li Zicheng's forces are closing in on Beijing and the Ming dynasty has pretty much snuffed.
		I think thats a more likely to happen.In the meanwhile Dorgan and Haoge are fighting the manchu Li Zicheng can build up a storng army.And let theManchu forces fight it out and then when the are weakend he simpely attack the weakend manchu forces.
		I was thinking that although Li Zicheng could capture the capital, his troops plundered and ravaged the city, causing much grievances.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /index.php?showtopic=6335&view=new (1267 words)

	Li Zicheng: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		Li started to learn horseriding (The horse (equus caballus) is a large ungulate mammal, one of the seven modern species of the genus equ...)
		The Li rebels then attacked and killed leading officials in places in Henan (Henan (), is a province of the peoples republic of china, located in the central part of the country....)
		Li died after his army was defeated on May 27, Exception Handler: No article summary found.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /ref/li_zicheng (855 words)

	Paintings by Taoist Tie Guan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		After the bandit leader, Li Zicheng, occupies the imperial palace, Fei Zhener, a court lady from the fallen empire, wishes to avenge her late emperor.
		Pretending to be the princess, Zhener presents herself to Li Zicheng and awaits the opportunity to kill him.
		However, Li Zicheng bestows her on his favorite general Li Gu, the Tiger.
	www.kunqu.org /etgt.html (121 words)

	Qing Empire 1644-1799 by Sanderson Beck
		Li Dingguo had helped the Yongli emperor to exterminate a rival faction from Anlang that supported Sun Kowang, and then in 1656 Li moved the court from there to Yunnanfu.
		Li Yu (1611-80) wrote several comedies in the 1660s, but the two most famous plays of the early Qing era are The Palace of Eternal Youth by Hong Sheng and The Peach Blossom Fan by Kong Shangren.
		Her foster mother Li urges her to accept the 300 taels and submit, but Fragrant Princess says that Ruan and Tian are part of eunuch Wei's clique.
	www.san.beck.org /3-8-QingEmpire1644-1799.html (13185 words)

	Chinese surname - Asia Finest Discussion Forum
		Li is perhaps one of the most populated surnames in the world.
		Li Zicheng 李自成 - peasant rebel leader in late Ming.
		Li Zongren 李宗仁- warlord of Guangxi, cadre of KMT
	www.asiafinest.com /forum/index.php?showtopic=3696&st=150 (2358 words)

	Li Zicheng Opus @ 209.68.55.254 () (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		Li started to learn horseriding and archery at age 20 and started gathering peasants in 1630.
		The Li rebels then attacked and killed leading officials in places in Henan, Shanxi, and Shaanxi.
		"Li Zicheng" results in these other popular encyclopedia sites:
	209.68.55.254 /encyclopedia/Li_Zicheng (381 words)

	brief history of china - Qing - world history (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		Aware of Ming political decadence, the Manchus conquered the Ordos (the land inside the large bend of the Huang river) and annexed Inner Mongolia in 1635.
		Fishing in the Chinese troubled waters, the bandit Li Zicheng gathered a sufficiently strong army to attack and occupy Beijing.
		Wu appealed to the Manchu lord Dorgon and together they ejected Li, who was eventually reduced to scrounging and was killed by peasants in Hubei.
	www.worldhistoryplus.com /c/china9.htm (814 words)

	Canadian Journal of History: Cultural Centrality and Political Change in Chinese History: Northeast Henan in the Fall ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		In the spring of 1644, the rebel forces of Li Zicheng, the self-styled "New Prince of Shun," surrounded the Ming capital in present-day Beijing and threatened to attack unless the emperor of China agreed to negotiate.
		On one level, this admirable book by Roger Des Forges, a historian at the State University of New York at Buffalo, can be read as an extended background study of the uprising of Li Zicheng and the fall of the Ming.
		Even though Li did not originally come from Henan province, the book's geographic focus, he did take advantage of the deteriorating economic conditions in the region to recruit followers and to gain momentum as he continued to plot against the state.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3686/is_200408/ai_n9443854 (336 words)

	Beijing: Forbidden City
		The former, on the right side, used to be the study of the crown princes, where banquets and some rites were held.
		The latter, on the left side, is the imperial press where many books were compiled and published and where Li Zicheng, the famous peasants uprising leader, ascended his throne after overthrowing the Ming dynasty.
		On the north of Wenhuadian lies Wenyuange (Pavilion of Literary Source), the imperial library where the world largest encyclopedia Sikuquanshu (Complete Library of the Four Treasures of Knowledge) was housed.
	www.beijingtrip.com /attractions/forbidden/virtual.htm (1018 words)

	Fall of the Ming and the Mancu Conquest
		Li Zicheng, poor peasant, urban laborer, soldier, rebel.
		Dynasty's fall in 1644 when Li Zicheng captured Beijing and Ming emperor hung himself.
		Tracked down and killed Li Zicheng by 1645 and Zhang Xianzhong by 1647.
	history.binghamton.edu /hist274/Feb3.htm (288 words)

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