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Topic: Liang Dynasty

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Tang Dynasty

	Liang Dynasty - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Liang Dynasty (also: "Leung" in Cantonese,) 梁朝 (502-557) was the third of Southern dynasties in China, followed by the Chen Dynasty.
		Nan Liang Dynasty 南梁, founded in 555, claimed to be the real legitimate successor of Liang Dynasty, only to be eliminated by Sui Dynasty in 587.
		Note: some historians set Nan Liang as a continuation of the Liang Dynasty since it was founded by descendants of the Xiao's, the ruling family of the Liang Dynasty.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Liang_Dynasty (210 words)

	Northern Wei Dynasty - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The Northern Wei Dynasty (北魏 386-534) is most noted for the unification of northern China in 440, it was also heavily involved in funding the arts and many antiques and art works from this period have survived.
		In 493 AD the dynasty moved its capital from Datong to Luoyang and started the construction of the artificial Longmen Caves.
		It is thought the dynasty originated from the Tuoba clan of the non-Han Xianbei tribe.
	www.bonneylake.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Northern_Wei (258 words)

	Liang Dynasty
		This expansion of the economy continued and was consolidated in the long reign of the Emperor Wu of the Liang dynasty (502-49), who surrounded himself with able advisers in the persons of Shen Yueh (441-513), known especially for his works on phonbetics, and Hsu Mien (466-535), the author of political works.
		The first half of the sixth century was an epoch of prosperity and peace, the golden age of aristocratic civilation of the southern dynasties.
		This new Kingdom of Later Liang in Hupei was to be controlled by whatever power was established in the valley of the Wei - the Western Wei (535-57), the Northern Chou (557-81) and the Sui (581-618), who put an end to it in 587.
	www.angelfire.com /co/leong/history2.html (595 words)

	Collapse of Central Government: 907-960
		The dissolution of the T'ang dynasty in 907 led to the uprising of five dynasties in northern China.
		The successor to the throne was to be the son of Shih Ching-T'ang.
		Liu Chih-yuan formed the dynasty known as the Hon Han or Later Han." (5) Liu Chih-yuan's son and successor to the throne was killed by a general in 950.
	www.thenagain.info /WebChron/China/Collapse.html (409 words)

	Ancient Liang (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The Liang Dynasty was one of the Southern Dynasties, the Song, Qi, Liang and the Chen, which struggled against the Northern non-Chinese Dynasties of the Later Wei, Eastern Wei, Western Wei, Northern Qi and Northern Zhou.
		Liang Menglung (A.D. 1527-1602) was the Governor of Shantung Province who, with Tu Tsemin the Governor of Fukien Province, pettitioned and got the Ming Government to lift the ban on Maritime activity, resulting in the great age of travel cummulating in the journeys of Admiral Cheng Ho.
		Liang Shang (???- A.D. 141) was a Regent and the father of the consort during the Han.
	www.angelfire.com /co/leong/history.html (2137 words)

	Qigong
		This period lasted until the Liang dynasty (502-557 A.D.), when it was discovered that Qigong could be used for martial purposes.
		During the Qin and Han dynasties (221 B.C.-220 A.D.) there are several medical references to Qigong in the literature, such as the "Nan Jing" (Classic on Disorders) by the famous physician Bian Que, which describes using the breathing to increase Qi circulation.
		During the Liang dynasty (502-557 A.D.) the emperor invited a Buddhist monk named Da Mo, who was once an Indian prince, to preach Buddhism in China.
	www.crystalinks.com /qigong.html (2586 words)

	coins of ancient China - 255 BC to AD 221.
		About the time the Chin Dynasty established control over China (and possibly a little earlier), the Pan Liang (or 1/2 Liang) coinage was introduced at this weight standard (about 6 grams), but very quickly the connection between the weight and the monetary unite ceased to apply.
		The Pan Liang issues with poorly developed outer and in part, inner rims tend to be lighter than average, usually around 2 grams and about 24 mm, thus seem to fit the coinage reform of 136 BC.
		The Han dynasty did not exactly end in AD 221, as Liu Pie, a legitimate member of the House of Han opposed Ts'ao-pei, establishing himself in Szechuan Province as first Emperor of the Minor Han Dynasty.
	www.calgarycoin.com /reference/china/china2.htm (6731 words)

	Liang Dynasty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Another branch of the Xiao family took power founding the Liang dynasty and indeed Liang Wudi was one of the few emperors to command respect during the six dynasties period.
		He even abdicated to become a monk on three occasions only to be persuaded to retake the throne.
		Attacks from the north continued and the dynasty relatively soon collapsed after the death of Wudi.
	www.sacu.org /dynliang.html (103 words)

	Deng Zhi (Bomiao) - San Guo Zhi (Records of the Three Kingdoms) Biography - English Translation
		Liang said, “No one but you, good sir.” Thus he sent Deng Zhi to on a mission to build peace with Sun Quan.
		After Zhuge Liang passed away, Deng Zhi was reappointed as a military advisor, given the rank of General of the Front, as well as the designated Inspector of Yan province.
		In the Jin dynasty, Deng Liang was the Grand Administrator of Guang Han.
	www.kongming.net /novel/sgz/dengzhi.php (1119 words)

	Five Dynasties and Ten States: Chinese History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Each dynasty was founded by the frontier commanders of their former states.
		This form of worship, popular during the Tang Dynasty, survived and was used by the rulers of The Five Dynasties and The Ten States as a means to consolidate their influence over the people.
		Its teaching of immortality had its appeal but the ceremonies and alchemy required of its practitioners meant that in the main it was a religion of the ruling classes and wealthy aristocrats.
	www.warriortours.com /intro/history/five_dynasty (1245 words)

	Scenic Spots in Nanjing
		In the Qing Dynasty it was the official mansion, while in the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom it served first as the high-ranking official Yang Xiuqing's residence and then as the vice prime minister Lai Hanying's residence.
		According to the survey, there are 26 tombs with relics, of which 19 tombs are as follows: The Song Dynasty :1 emperor's tomb in Nanjing The Qi Dynasty: 3 emperors' tombs in Danyang The Liang Dynasty: 3 emperors' tombs in Danyang; 8 high officials' tombs (6 in Nanjing, 1 in Jurong and 1 in Jiangning).
		The Chen Dynasty: 2 emperors' Tombs (1 in Nanjing and 1 in Jiangning).
	www.cs.wisc.edu /~hangying (3744 words)

	Articles - Emperor Wu of Liang China (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Liang Wudi (æ¢æ¦å¸) (502-549) was the first Emperor of China of the short-lived Liang Dynasty.
		He has been described by many to be one of the more interesting emperors of his dynasty, and his reign was among the more long and stable of many of the Southern Dynasty's.
		According to tradition, around 520, during the period of the Southern Dynasties, Bodhidharma, the first Zen patriarch of China according to legend, was invited to an audience with Emperor Wu.
	www.lastring.com /articles/Emperor_Wu_of_Liang_China?mySession=abf19aec54dc6e0fe5a014476ab17da5 (885 words)

	Shu
		Zhuge Liang was made Prime Minister of Shu after Liu Bei declared himself Emperor, and he became Regent Marshal after the deaths of Liu Bei and the Five Tigers.
		Unfortunately, Pang Tong secretly believed Zhuge Liang was jealous of him, and when he received a letter from him urging him not to make a certain attack he disregarded it, which led to his defeat and death.
		On his deathbed, Zhuge Liang gave him the impossible task of defeating the Jin dynasty, which had already overcome Wei and was now threatening Shu and Wu.
	www.geocities.com /Area51/Cavern/5837/3king/shu.html (3092 words)

	CHKRM-President's Letter of the Month (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Because the Later Liang Dynasty was only a minor dynasty, and not part of the official Dynastic Histories, few scholars bothered to read about Hui Shen's journey in 418 AD.
		One is the calender of the Later Liang Dynasty, one of the Six Dynasties, which was a period of confusion in China that lasted almost two hundred years, ending with the establishment of the short lived Sui Dynasty and then the famous T'ang Dynasty.
		I have used the date of the Later Liang Dynasty for dating this period, because the record left by Hui Shen, does not appear in the Dynastic Histories of the T'ang Dynasty, but is preserved in the history of the Later Liang Dynasty, which is not part of the Dynastic Histories contained in most libraries.
	www.1source.com /hkmission/history/chinese.htm (1584 words)

	After Han, Ancient Chinese cast coins - Calgary Coin Gallery
		The Western Chin dynasty, with its capital at Loyang, was established by Ssu-ma Yen in AD 265 and achieved a new unification of China with the conquest of Wu in AD 280.
		The Liang Dynasty was established by general Hsiao Yen of the Southern Ch'i Dynasty, but since he was, however distantly, related to the ruling house of the Southern Ch'i, one might think of this as simply a name change of the Southern Ch'i.
		The Northern Zhou dynasty was established in AD 557 by the son (whose name we do not yet know) of a general who helped overthrow the Wei dynasty, and then overthrew the Western Wei which he had ruled through puppet emperors.
	www.calgarycoin.com /cast2.htm (1518 words)

	Era of Disunity - (AD 220 to 618 -- 399 Years)
		The Shu Dynasty (221-263) was established in the southwestern China, and the Wu Dynasty (222-280) in the southeast.
		None of the non-Chinese dynasties were able to extend their control over the entire North China plain until 420, when the Northern Wei Dynasty did so.
		With its prestige tarnished and the population impoverished, the dynasty fell in 617 to rebels led by Li Yuan who began the Tang Dynasty.
	www.paulnoll.com /China/Dynasty/dynasty-disunity.html (523 words)

	Chinese Opera Mask, Zhu Wen
		Zhu Wen (852-912), the founder of the Later Liang Dynasty in the period of the Five Dynasties, was from Dangshan County of Song Prefecture (the present Dangshan County of Anhui Province).
		It was known in Chinese history as the Later Liang Dynasty.
		Back to Luoyang, Tai Zu of Liang became badly ill. He sobbed bitterly before his death and said to his loyal ministers, "None of my sons is the match for Li Cunxu after my death.
	www.paulnoll.com /China/Opera/opera-14-07.html (539 words)

	The Collected Works of Shinran Commentaries Notes on the Inscriptions on Sacred Scrolls 5
		He lived from the latter part of the Wei dynasty to the beginning of the northern Ch'i dynasty.
		The ruler of Liang, King Hsiao, always turned to the north and paid homage to T'an-luan as to a bodhisattva.
		He lived from the latter part of the Wei dynasty to the beginning of the northern Ch'i dynasty: The latter part of the Wei dynasty is an era in Chinese history.
	www.shinranworks.com /commentaries/inscriptions5.htm (383 words)

	Tang Dynasty -- Political, Social, Cultural, Historical Analysis Of China (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Sui Dynasty, for its short life duration of 37 years and the despotic ruling of Sui Emperor Yangdi, was treated as part of the Northern Dynasties by Tang historian Li Yanshou.
		Three dynasties of Five Dynasties, in between Posterior Liang and Posterior Zhou, were of alien nature, founded by generals who belonged to a group of nomads called Shatuo (Sha'to), a Turkic tribe.
		And, Tang Dynasty often resorted to forceful conversion of monks and nuns to civilians for sake of raising taxes and depriving religious facilities of their "tax-exempt" status.
	www.uglychinese.org /tang.htm (6657 words)

	Ancient Cultivation Story: Daoist Zhang Liang \| Clearharmony - Falundafa in Europe
		Zhang Liang, alias Zhifang, was born in Han Kingdom (now known as the centre of Henan province and lying southeast of Shanxi province).
		The third time, Zhang Liang finally got to the bridge earlier than the old man. The old man finally gave Zhang Liang a book and said: “When you fully understand the book, you will be able to serve as the chief military counsellor for a king in the future.
		After Zhang Liang succeeded in assisting the Han Emperor Liu Bang unite the central plains of China, he was given the title Marquis of Liu and appointed to serve in the cabinet.
	www.clearharmony.net /articles/200211/8427.html (863 words)

	Vietnam - Political Resistance to the Chinese
		While the Ly family retreated to the mountains and attempted to rule in the style of their Chinese overlords, a rebel leader who based his rule on an indigenous form of kingship arose in the Red River Delta.
		The Chinese Tang dynasty (618-907) instituted a series of administrative reforms culminating in 679 in the reorganization of Vietnamese territory as the Protectorate of Annam (or Pacified South), a name later used by the French to refer to central Vietnam.
		Although the Tang succeeded in defeating the Nan-chao forces and restoring Chinese administration, the dynasty was in decline and no longer able to dominate the increasingly autonomous Vietnamese.
	countrystudies.us /vietnam/6.htm (687 words)

	Liang Wu-ti Biography / Biography of Liang Wu-ti Biography Biography
		Liang Wu-ti (464-549) was probably the most famous and most cultured Chinese emperor of the Southern dynasties, and his reign is generally considered their economic and cultural culmination.
		After a short interregnum Hsiao Yen mounted the throne himself as the first emperor of the Liang dynasty on April 30, 502, assuming the name of Liang Wu-ti, or Emperor Wu of the Liang dynasty.
		There is no biography of Liang Wu-ti in English.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-liang-wu-ti/index.html (554 words)

	Guangzhou Travel: Temple of the Six Banyan Trees
		It was built in 537 in the Liang dynasty during the Southern dynasties (386-581).
		More than 1460 years ago in the Liang dynasty, Tanyu, the master priest, under orders of Emperor Liangwu, built Baozhuangyan Temple to store the Buddhist bones brought from Kampuchea.
		During the Northern Song dynasty, a great writer - Su Shi, on a visit to this temple was attracted by the six banyan trees surrounding it and wrote the inscription "Liu Rong" (Six Banyan Trees).
	www.warriortours.com /cityguides/guangzhou/tree.htm (278 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Yu Xin(513-581) who styled himself Zi Shan, was a famous scholar of later South-North dynasty.
		Living and working through the LiangãWeiãZhou and Sui dynasty, Yu Xin was not only a most important writer of Palace poem and Xu-Yu poem, but a literary master in North dynasty.
		That is, the appraisal of Yu Xin and his works in the successive dynasties (including the comments), the collection of studies about Yu Xin and his works in the 20th century(papers and books), the preface and postscript of The collected works of Yu Xin, the works with certain writing time, the main books quotation.
	www.albany.edu /~xw778685/isp523/word/abstract.htm (264 words)

	SUN TZU ON THE ART OF WAR
		From the flourishing period of the Chou dynasty [26] down to the time of the "Spring and Autumn," all military commanders were statesmen as well, and the class of professional generals, for conducting external campaigns, did not then exist.
		CHIA LIN is known to have lived under the T`ang dynasty, for his commentary on Sun Tzu is mentioned in the T`ang Shu and was afterwards republished by Chi Hsieh of the same dynasty together with those of Meng Shih and Tu Yu.
		Native critics refer to a work of the Han dynasty, which says: "Ten LI outside the WU gate [of the city of Wu, now Soochow in Kiangsu] there is a great mound, raised to commemorate the entertainment of Sun Wu of Ch`i, who excelled in the art of war, by the King of Wu." 10.
	www.beyondweird.com /sun-tzu.html (19667 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The original was created during the very short Liang dynasty (502 to 556 CE), and is attributed to Xiao Yi, seventh sun of the Liang emperor Wudi.
		The painting is a depiction of envoys from the various kingdoms with diplomatic relations with the Liang court.
		Each of the portraits is followed by an inscription that describes the geography and customs of each of the countries represented by the envoys, as well as the nature of their relationship with the kingdom of Liang.
	depts.washington.edu /uwch/silkroad/exhibit/exchange/99a_b.html (396 words)

	EnergeticArts.Org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		We know little about the first period, which is considered to have started when the "Yi Jing" (Book of Changes) was introduced sometime before 1122 B.C., and to have extended until the Han dynasty (206 B.C.) when Buddhism and its meditation methods were imported from India.
		An archeological dig there at a late Shang dynasty burial ground called Yin Xu discovered more than 160,000 pieces of turtle shell and animal bone which were covered with written characters.
		Liang Dynasty to the End of the Qing Dynasty (502-1911 A.D.)
	www.energeticarts.org /QigongHistory.shtml (1814 words)

	Song Dynasty -- Political, Social, Cultural, Historical Analysis Of China
		For hundreds of years, the Song Dynasty, built on top of Northern Zhou (AD 951-960) of the Cai(1) family, would be engaged in the games of 'three kingdom' kind of warfares.
		As recorded in history, the three dynasties in between Posterior Liang and Posterior Zhou were of alien nature, founded by generals who belonged to a group of nomads called Shatuo (Sha'to, a Turkic tribe).
		Guo Wei, a general of Posterior Han Dynasty responsible for defeating Posterior Jinn, rebelled after his family were slaughtered in the capital.
	www.uglychinese.org /song.htm (8406 words)

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