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	Liang Qichao - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Liang Qichao was born in a small village in Xinhui (新會), Guangdong Province on February 23, 1873.
		Liang asserted that a newspaper "is the mirror of society," "the sustenance of the present," and "the lamp for the future." He categorized newspapers into four types: the newspaper of an individual, of a party, of a nation, and of the world.
		Liang Qichao’s historiographical thought represents the beginning of modern Chinese historiography and reveals some important directions of Chinese historiography in the twentieth century.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Liang_Qichao (3088 words)

	Liang Qichao
		Liang Qichao, with Zhouru as his courtesy name and Rengong and Cangjiang as his literary names, was from Xinhui of Guangdong Province.
		In the spring of 1920, Liang retired from politics and became tutor of the Research Institute of Qinghua University and concurrently professor of a few other universities such as Nankai.
		Liang Qichao died of illness in Beijing at the age of 57.
	www.angelfire.com /co/leong/history12.html (707 words)

	Liang Qichao (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Liang Qichao died of illness in Beijing at the age of 55.
		Liang Qichao was born in a small village in Xinhui (新會), EHandler: no quick summary.
		Liang asserted that a newspaper "is the mirror of society," "the sustenance of the present," and "the lamp for the future." He categorized newspapers into four types: the newspaper of an individual, EHandler: no quick summary.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/l/li/liang_qichao.htm (5031 words)

	[No title]
		Liang’s concern, on the other hand, remained primarily national.” (Huang 1972: 73) Peter Zarrow argues that rights, in Liang’s vision, are a duty on the individual to the group “because the group depends on its members for its cohesion and strength”.
		Liberty, to Liang, is the opposite of slavery, referring to slavery of the mind rather than physical slavery, and has four major components; political liberty, religious liberty, national liberty and economic liberty.
		It appears that Liang prescribed autonomy, self-respect and cultivation of the individual very much with political ends in mind, and that an idea of a sphere of privacy entirely independent from public interference was an anachronism is this theoretical universe.
	www.hf.uio.no /forskningsprosjekter/chineseindividual/publications/articles/rune_nov05_IndividualismLiang2.doc (1916 words)

	Beijing Scene - Feature Story (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In the late 19th century Liang's grandfather, Liang Qichao, was a Western-influenced reformer serving in the Qing dynasty court.
		Liang's father, Liang Sicheng, was a renowned architect and served as a Beijing city planner after the Communist victory in 1949.
		The elder Liang envisioned the capital of the New China as a city within a city: Beijing's historic, walled inner city would be preserved, with new construction taking place outside and around the city walls, on top of which a promenade park would be built.
	www.beijingscene.com /v07i010/feature.html (1973 words)

	MidtermReview
		Response #1: Liang Qichao was a reformer of the late Qing period.
		Response #2: Liang Qichao was a leader in the reform movement of the late 19th century.
		Note details on Liang Qichao's history and his ideas; note also the specific reference to one of our works, including author's name and approximate dates (~ means "approximately"), title and date of publication, and remarks on contents and theme.
	courses.washington.edu /asian204/MidtermReview.html (441 words)

	Meta : Highlights of Translation Studies in China Since the Mid-Nineteenth Century (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Liang, therefore, considered the translation of books published in Western countries « the most essential of all essential undertakings to accomplish » in speeding up the process of learning from the West and thereby making China strong ([Liang Qichao 1897] Editorial Board 1984a: 10).
		Liang suggested that these works be translated in order of priority, and that some, such as books dealing with agriculture and arts and crafts, be rendered in plain Chinese for easy reading by less well-educated readers ([Liang Qichao 1897] Editorial Board 1984a: 13-15).
		According to Liang, the mode of numbering years should follow the practice of the country from which the work was being translated, with the corresponding birthday anniversary of the Chinese Sage Confucius and the anniversary of a given dynasty provided as a side-note for easy reference ([Liang Qichao 1897] Editorial Board 1984a: 15-18).
	www.erudit.org /revue/meta/1999/v44/n1/002716ar.html (8284 words)

	Chinese Heritage of Australian Federation Project - Exhibition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Liang Qichao travelled across the continent from the West coast to the East by steamer, train, and horse-drawn carriage, visiting metropolitan and regional communities along the way, and meeting with governors and mayors, the new Prime Minister, community groups and business people at almost every port of call.
		One hundred years since Liang Qichao's tour, and one hundred years since the birth of the Australian nation, this exhibition celebrates the contribution of Chinese communities to the development of Australia, and their role in fostering cultural, commercial and social links between China and Australia over the past century.
		Liang stayed in New South Wales from 6 December 1900 until early May. In the later period of his stay, he started to write a history of China in the 1890s and gave regular lectures based on this book.
	www.chaf.lib.latrobe.edu.au /exhibition.htm (1313 words)

	Ancient Liang
		Liang was also know for his work in editing and distributing Christian booklets (e.g., the Bible Homework, etc.) and flyers, and he turned his house into a meeting place for Christians.
		Liang Menglung (A.D. 1527-1602) was the Governor of Shantung Province who, with Tu Tsemin the Governor of Fukien Province, pettitioned and got the Ming Government to lift the ban on Maritime activity, resulting in the great age of travel cummulating in the journeys of Admiral Cheng Ho.
		Liang Shang (???- A.D. 141) was a Regent and the father of the consort during the Han.
	www.angelfire.com /co/leong/history.html (2213 words)

	Chinese Democracy
		Unlike the Western theorists he studied, Liang felt that there was no difference between the individual interests and public interests; individual citizens were granted rights in order to better strengthen the state.
		In fact, the only similarity between the democracy of Mao Zedong and that of Liang Qichao was the concept of the unity of state and individual interests.
		But even he was not willing to accept that democracy entailed conflict and disorder, and he was no more able than Liang Qichao to answer the question of how the struggle of individuals in defense of their personal rights could possibly produce harmony.
	www.tsquare.tv /themes/essay.html (1409 words)

	方下@large: My home page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Liang and his counterparts struggled to synthesize these strands: the imperatives of individualism, freedom, and democracy and the need for a strong state that could restore Chinese unity and pride.
		Liang's intellectual framework, especially as it developed in his later years, came to form something of a template for "liberal" political thought in China.
		He venerated Liang and, like him, tried to determine what aspects of the Western liberalism he had come to know while studying in the United States in 1910-17 were congruent with the salvageable parts of traditional Chinese culture.
	www.20six.co.uk /wildes/weblogEntries/send.htm?entryId=u0r1ocdptj9n (2729 words)

	Liang Ch'i-ch'ao and the Mind of Modern China (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In the second, Liang shifted his efforts at preservation from culture to nation and, feeling it imperative to draw upon the achievements of other times and places, made this possible by breaking down what had been a monolithic concept of the West.
		To Levenson, this was the question that unified not only Liang Qichao’s thoughts, in all their psychologically necessary inconsistencies, but all the minds of his society, allowing the biographer to read in Liang’s writings the mind of modern China.
		In Liang’s early years the question was a new one, whereas by the end of his life it had, while retaining importance, begun to share its central position with new questions of economic and social equality.
	orpheus.ucsd.edu /chinesehistory/pgp/levenso2.htm (577 words)

	Kevin Scott Wong - The Transformation of Culture: Three Chinese Views of America - American Quarterly 48:2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Throughout his life, Liang Qichao would be drawn to various schools of thought, Chinese and Western, but he would never abandon his dedication to the traditional Confucian emphasis on the duty of intellectuals to serve the state by demanding the best from it and its citizens.
		Liang's text, however, is unique in that it offers an elite Chinese evaluation of people like himself--at least racially alike if not also in terms of class--who lived and labored in a foreign environment and his explicit reactions to their lives in America.
		Liang met with the resident Chinese population in nearly all of the towns and cities he visited, and he launched a scathing attack on the Chinese in America in response to his month-long stay in San Francisco's Chinatown.
	xroads.virginia.edu /~drbr2/wong.html (11821 words)

	Greening Red China
		His grandfather, Liang Qichao, was a visionary in the late Qing Dynasty, who pushed western-style reforms in a last-ditch, but unsuccessful attempt to save the corrupt system.
		Liang's father, who founded Qinghua University's architecture school, brought numerous western innovations to the mainland, particularly an experimental style of urban housing that melded modernism with China's traditional courtyards; thousands of students still tour a few surviving courtyards in the central city core.
		Thus far, Liang has managed to parlay such guangxi (connections) into a string of successes, all the more startling when one considers that his seven-year-old Green group functions with only three paid staff and an annual budget of about US$23,000.
	www.gluckman.com /Liang.html (1447 words)

	Working Papers-Modernity inside Tradition: The Transformation of Historical Consciousness in Modern China
		Apparently, Liang realized that in order to construct a new world, or to succeed in the political reform he and Kang Youwei (1858-1927) had attempted, one first had to wrestle with the old world.
		If Liang Qichao's aim was to discover the past and invent a new tradition through historiographical reform, it was the May Fourth intellectuals who responded most enthusiastically to his call and charted the course.
		Liang began his work by asking: "In contrast to the subjects studied in Western countries today, history is the only one which has existed in China for a long time.
	www.indiana.edu /~easc/resources/working_paper/noframe_10c_mod.htm (8692 words)

	Social Darwinism in Korea and its Influence on Early Modern Korean Buddhism
		That, exclaims Liang, is exactly the attitude required from a modern “progressive” citizen, who should not be satisfied with personal intelligence in the midst of his compatriots’ unawareness and is supposed to sacrifice personal good for the state’s sake.
		Liang explained, in his favourite Buddhist spirit, that “good karma” must be created by “free efforts” and thus only individuals themselves were to be blamed for their failures; as to the Xunzi’s “lot”, added Liang, it was not uniform Heavenly predestination, but rather “karmic result” of one’s past efforts
		Liang’s overall understanding of the causative relationship in the universe, where Social Darwinist “efforts in the struggle” were blended with Buddhist “cause-and-effect” theories could not but attract the sympathy of Korea’s self-proclaimed Buddhist reformer.
	www.geocities.com /volodyatikhonov/darwinism (7645 words)

	Liang Qichao (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Liang continued to promote constitutional monarchy in China.
		Liang was one of the most prolific man of letters of the late Qing and early Republican era.
		Two Self-portraits: Liang Ch'i-ch'ao and Hu Shih (Li Yuning and William A. Wycoff).
	www.renditions.org /renditions/authors/liangqc.html (239 words)

	CHAPTER VI
		Many important men of ideas, such as Kang Youwei, Liang Qichao, Tai Sitong, Yan Fu, Xue Fucheng and Guo Songtao, were devoted to the comprehensive study of the ethical significance of Western science and technology.
		Having seen the accomplishments made by science and technology in the United States within the space of one century, Liang Qichao also concluded that success relies on human might, and that understanding is developed on the basis of wealth and power.
		Liang Qichao divided human life into its mental and material aspects, respectively governed by intellect and feeling.
	www.crvp.org /book/Series03/III-11/chapter_vi.htm (1931 words)

	From Reform to Revolution
		The reform program designed by the scholars Kang Youwei, Liang Qichao, and Tan Sitong had a brief trial in the so-called "Hundred Days of Reform" of 1898, but it was not until after the Boxer Rebellion defeat in 1900 that wide-ranging reforms in education, military, economics and government were actually implemented.
		Liang Qichao, who was born in 1873 in a small southern village, not far from the Portuguese colony of Macao, died in 1929 after an intellectually tumultuous life.
		Confucius's disciple Mencius had written, "He who restrains his prince, loves his prince." But Liang belonged to the first generation of scholars who, instead of going into voluntary exile when their entreaties were rebuffed by the Imperial government, dared to organize a constituency outside of the government to apply political pressure.
	www.indiana.edu /~hisdcl/h207_2002/ti&yong.htm (2494 words)

	chen/Being Chinese, Becoming Chinese American. Chapter 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Kang Youwei was joined by his student, Liang Qichao, in the early 1890s in promoting the idea of a gradual and nonviolent reform for a strong and modern China.
		Liang Qichao believed that anti-Manchuism would only harm the long-term goal of Chinese nationalism, which was to build a unified, strong, and modern country.
		Liang Qichao met Kang Youwei for the first time in the fall of 1890, and thereafter Liang studied intermittently for four years at Kang's private school, Wanmu Caotang, in Guangzhou.
	www.press.uillinois.edu /epub/books/chen/ch1.html (14955 words)

	Noteworthy People in Tianjin
		On June 11, 1898, Emperor Guangxu adopted the reform ideas of bourgeois reformers Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao, and announced reform policies in order to prevent a national crisis that would have seen China partitioned by imperialist powers.
		After resigning his post of office in the Yuan government, Liang moved to live in Tianjin and lived in there from 1915 to 1929.
		Liang's residence and studio is located on Minzu Road in the Hebei District in the city.
	wason.library.cornell.edu /Tianjin/noteworthy.html (3288 words)

	Chinese Heritage of Australian Federation Project (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Liang was enthusiastically welcomed by his compatriots wherever he went.
		Liang also took every opportunity to publicise the policies of the Society for Protecting the Emperor and to encourage Chinese living in all the of ports and towns he visited to set up branches of the Society and make donations for the cause.
		As the activities of the Society for Protecting the Emperor declined following Liang Qichao's departure, the group that had lent its support to the emperor gave way to a generation that fervently advocated revolution.
	www.chaf.lib.latrobe.edu.au /chinese_newspapers.htm (2825 words)

	Purposive without Foresight » In the Name of Conviction (part one)
		Liang Sicheng had been born in Tokyo in 1901, during his father’s enforced exile from the waning Qing Dynasty.
		When the Qing fell in 1912, the Liangs returned to China, where Liang Qichao lived a life of intellectual eminence and of attempted political activism in the bewildering years of the early Republic.
		Liang Qichao too had died, after a tragically bungled kidney operation, and Sicheng had plunged into the scholarly analysis of early Chinese architectural texts, using former Forbidden City carpenters and craftsmen as his exegetes.
	www.ningning.org /blog?p=4 (1407 words)

	The Liang Family History - China History Forum, online chinese history forum
		The first Liang was Liang Kang Hou who was the ruler of the State of Liang, in what is now Gansu Province in the northwestern part of China.
		Liang Hongyu was a female general and the wife of a mighty Song Dynasty general, Han Shizhong.
		Liang Fa, also known as 'Ah Fa', was the first Chinese Pastor in a Protestant church.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /index.php?showtopic=1737 (3307 words)

	English Channel
		In the same year, a pamphlet entitled ¡°Memoirs of the Coup d¡¯Etat of 1898¡± and written by Liang Qichao quietly found its way around Shanghai.
		In May 1903, Liang Qichao went to the United States where he paid a formal visit to Roosevelt.
		Sun Yat£sen, who was in the United States, stated in a speech he gave in Honolulu in Sept. 1903 that he and Liang Qichao were friends, but their political beliefs differed.
	www.cctv.com /english/TouchChina/China20th/20020625/100022.html (532 words)

	Working Papers - Key Words in the Late Qing Reform Discourse
		Late Qing reformists such as Yan Fu and Liang Qichao, who initially articulated this new concept of the nation as distinct from the dynasty, found historic sanction for their ideas in the long-standing Chinese discourse on collective (gong) and private (si) interests.
		Liang Qichao was so inspired by Huang's A Plan for the Prince (Mingyi Daifanglu) that he and Tan Sitong secretly made tens of thousands of copies of the proscribed text while teaching in Hunan in 1897.
		They generally located themselves in what Liang Qichao had called "the age of transition," when it was the hero's role to be the mother of public opinion.
	www.iub.edu /~easc/resources/working_paper/noframe_5_all.htm (19212 words)

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