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Topic: Liaotung Peninsula

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Liaodong Peninsula

Liaodong

Triple Intervention

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Treaty of Portsmouth

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	Liaotung Peninsula -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust!
		The Liaotung Peninsula forms a part of a larger mountain belt, with a southwest-northeast axis, which is continued in the Ch'ang-pai Mountains of the Northeast (Manchuria)–North Korean border area.
		On the peninsula, the range is known as the Ch'ien Mountains.
		Near the southern tip of the peninsula lies the major city and port of Lü-ta, which is made up of the ports of Ta-lien and Lü-shun (Dairen and Port Arthur).
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article-9048101 (1140 words)

	Liaodong Peninsula -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - Your gateway to all Britannica has to offer!
		peninsula on the northern shore of Molokai island, Hawaii, U.S. Occupying a 5-square-mile (13-square-km) plateau unsuited to agriculture, the peninsula is isolated from the rest of the island by 2,000-foot (600-metre) cliffs.
		peninsula, southern Costa Rica, bounded on the northwest by Coronado Bay, on the west by the Pacific Ocean, and on the east by the Gulf of Dulce.
		Korea Bay and the gulf of Bo Hai are its main inlets, shaped by the Liaodong Peninsula jutting from the north and the Shandong Peninsula from the southwest.
	concise.britannica.com /ebc/article-9370145 (863 words)

	Liaotung Peninsula -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		It partly separates the Po Hai (Gulf of Chihli) (west) from Korea Bay (east), and, with the Shantung Peninsula to the south, it delimits the Po Hai Strait.
		There are four main topographical regions: the central plains, the Liaotung Peninsula, the western highlands, and the eastern mountain zone.
		The city is situated in the centre of the Liaotung Peninsula and is an important market centre for the agriculture and fruit industry of the area, which specializes in growing apples, pears, and grapes.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9048101 (802 words)

	Liaodong Peninsula (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		辽东半岛) is a peninsula in the Liaoning province of northeastern China.
		The Liao was a river during the Warring States that divided the Yan commandries of Liaoxi (Simplified Chinese: 辽西)(west of the Liao) and Liaodong.
		The peninsula lies at the north of the Yellow Sea, between the Bohai Sea to the west and the Korea Bay to the east.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/L/Liaodong-Peninsula.htm (276 words)

	Treaty of Shimonoseki - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It also ceded the Liaodong peninsula (Then known to the Western Press as Liaotung — the southern portion of Fengtian, now part of modern Liaoning province), the islands of Taiwan (Formosa) and the Pescadores to Japan.
		Under threat of war from the Western nations, in November 1895, Japan ceded control of the territory and withdrew its de jure claim on the Liaotung peninsula in return for an increased war indemnity from China.
		Within months after Japan re-ceded the Liaodong peninsula, Russian construction on the peninsula and a railway to Harbin from Port Arthur commenced, despite a protesting China.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Treaty_of_Shimonoseki (734 words)

	China Japan War 1894-1895
		Again China lost a modern naval war and had to cede Formosa (Taiwan) and the Liaotung Peninsula to Japan, to recognize Korean independence, to open new treaty ports, to pay a large indemnity to Japan, and to grant to the Japanese all of the advantages hitherto preempted by Westerners under the unequal treaties.
		In the Treaty of Shimonoseki, which ended the conflict, China recognized the independence of Korea and ceded Taiwan, the adjoining Pescadores, and the Liaotung Peninsula in Manchuria.
		This treaty was later somewhat modified by Russian fears of Japanese expansion, and the combined intercession of Russia, France, and Germany forced Japan to return the Liaotung Peninsula to China.
	www.onwar.com /aced/data/sierra/sinojapanese1894.htm (735 words)

	Treaty of Shimonoseki
		In the treaty China recognized the independence of Korea and renounced any claims to that country, ceded the Liaotung peninsula (the southern portion of Fengtian, modern Liaoning province), the islands of Taiwan (Formosa) and the Pescadores to Japan.
		The conditions imposed by Japan on China led to the Triple Intervention of Russia, France, and Germany.
		They demanded that Japan withdraw its claim on the Liaotung peninsula, concerned that Port Arthur would fall under Japanese control.
	www.mcfly.org /wik/Treaty_of_Shimonoseki (371 words)

	The Russo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In 1898, Russia leased the Liaotung Peninsula from China and there built the naval base of Port Arthur and the commercial port of Dalny, while simultaneously expanding its influence in Korea.
		The treaty of Shimonoseki terminated the war in the Japanese favor and affirmed the independence of Korea, along with awarding Japan the year-round ice-free port of Port Arthur with the whole Liaotung Peninsula, which effectively gave her control of the Yellow Sea almost to the same degree that she controlled the Sea of Japan.
		Russia demanded the retrocession of the Liaotung Peninsula from Japan, with the idea of establishing a naval base at Port Arthur.
	www.corvalliscommunitypages.com /Europe/Russia_slavs/russo.htm (1142 words)

	Read about Treaty of Shimonoseki at WorldVillage Encyclopedia. Research Treaty of Shimonoseki and learn about Treaty of ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Liaotung peninsula (the southern portion of Fengtian, modern
		In November 1895 Japan withdrew its claim on the Liaotung peninsula in return for an increased war indemnity from China.
		The European powers were not concerned with any of the other conditions, or the 'free hand' Japan had been granted in Korea.
	encyclopedia.worldvillage.com /s/b/Treaty_of_Shimonoseki (396 words)

	Dalian, China
		Dalian is located west of the Yellow Sea (Korea Bay) and east of Bohai Sea roughly in the middle of the Liaodong/Liaotung peninsula at its narrowest neck or isthmus.
		It is south-south-west of the Yalu River, and its harbor entrance forms a sub-Bay known as Dalian Bay.
		Dalian of south Pulandian was occupied by the British in 1858, returned to the Chinese in the 1880s, and then occupied by Japan in 1895 during the first Sino-Japanese War.
	creekin.net /c2731-n40-dalian-china.html (1073 words)

	Koda (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Thus the Liaotung Peninsula, which was one of the major objectives of the Triple Intervention and had been a main concern as well, fell into the hands of Russia, a ringleader of the intervention.
		The Second Army was to land on the southern coast of the Liaotung Peninsula and likewise move toward Manchuria, coordinating with the advance of the First Army.
		Meanwhile, the Third Army had landed on the Liaotung Peninsula, on 6 June, and the Second Army was isolating the peninsula.
	www.nwc.navy.mil /press/Review/2005/spring/art1-sp05.htm (13424 words)

	The Battle of Port Arthur
		Port Arthur, Liaotung Peninsula, 9 February 1904, 1110 hrs.
		Since no arrangements had been made to preserve communication with the destroyer flotilla attacking Port Arthur, the results of the first attack were quite unknown.
		It was obvious that Admiral Dewa, having failed to press his reconnaissance closely enough, had quite underestimated the Russian power of resistance, and that Admiral Togo's objection to engaging the enemy under their land batteries was fully justified.
	www.russojapanesewar.com /battle-pa.html (943 words)

	Russian history, 1892-1920 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In the negotiations that followed, Japan was forced to make concessions in the Liaotung Peninsula and Port Arthur (Lushun) in southern Manchuria.
		The goal of the bank was to finance the construction of a railroad across northern Manchuria and thus shorten the Trans-Siberian railway.
		Within two years, Russia had acquired leases on the Liaotung Peninsula and Port Arthur and had begun building a trunk line from Harbin in central Manchuria to Port Arthur on the coast.
	www.free-download-soft.com /info/fitness200-agdpi-htm.html (3943 words)

	Treaty of Shimonoseki -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The conference was temporarily adjourned and resumed on April 10th.
		They demanded that Japan withdraw its claim on the (additional info and facts about Liaotung peninsula) Liaotung peninsula, concerned that (A battle in the Chino-Japanese war (1894); Japanese captured the port and fortifications from the Chinese) Port Arthur would fall under Japanese control.
		In November 1895 Japan withdrew its claim on the (additional info and facts about Liaotung peninsula) Liaotung peninsula in return for an increased war indemnity from China.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/t/tr/treaty_of_shimonoseki.htm (361 words)

	RUSNET :: CIS Today :: 2004/02/06 :: Century-Old War Between Russia and Japan Revisited
		As a result, Japan received several islands, including Taiwan, and the Liaotung Peninsula on which Port Arthur, today the Chinese port of Dalian, is located.
		However, Russia, with the support of Germany and France, pressured Japan to refuse its claiming of the Liaotung Peninsula.
		In the Treaty of Portsmouth, concluded on Sept. 5, Russia surrendered the southern half of Sakhalin and consented to Japan's acquiring the Liaotung Peninsula with Port Arthur, as well as establishing hegemony over Korea, neither of which were part of Russia proper.
	www.rusnet.nl /news/2004/02/06/report02.shtml (1070 words)

	Japanese Surge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Though pressure applied by the European powers later force retraction of the demand for Liaotung peninsula, it is a solid Japanese win.
		Japan launches a surprise attack on Port Arthur, and lands an army on the Liaotung peninsula, that quickly begins to besiege the city.
		Port Arthur surrenders early in the year, and when the Russians suffer further defeats in Manchuria, where they abandon Mukden, and in the Tsushima strait, where most of the Baltic Sea Fleet is either sunk or captured, domestic troubles begin in Russia, and she sues for peace.
	www.changingthetimes.co.uk /samples/18th/japanese_surge.htm (4021 words)

	War with China - Meiji Period
		The victorious and well-organized Japanese then proceeded to take the Liaotung Peninsula and to capture the North China harbor of Port Arthur during the following eight months.
		In April 1895, China ceded Formosa, the Pescadores Islands, Port Arthur and the Liaotung Peninsula at the southern tip of Manchuria and recognized the complete independence of Korea.
		The powerful western countries of France, Russia and Germany exerted immediate pressure, forcing her to give up the Liaotung Peninsula as well as the harbor and fortress of Port Arthur.
	www.taisho.com /china.html (288 words)

	Portsmouth Peace Treaty, 1905-2005 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Japan was to control the Liaotung peninsula in Manchuria and strategic Port Arthur while China recognized the independence of Korea, but under the "protectorate" of Japan.
		The so-called Triple Intervention was not forgotten by the Japanese, especially in 1896 when Russia concluded an alliance with China against Japan and, in the process, won rights to extend the Trans-Siberian Railroad across Chinese-held Manchuria to the Russian seaport of Vladivostok, thus gaining control of an important strip of Manchurian territory.
		Russia then obtained a 25-year lease on the Liaotung peninsula, essentially acquiring the same territory that Japan believed should have been theirs as result of the war with China.
	63.127.196.87 /process/causes/causes2.html (336 words)

	Michigan State University Press - Manchurian Legacy - Kuramoto (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Kazuko Kuramoto was born and raised in Dairen, Manchuria, in 1927, at the peak of Japanese expansionism in Asia.
		Dairen and the neighboring Port Arthur were important colonial outposts on the Liaotung Peninsula; the train lines established by Russia and taken over by the Japanese, ended there.
		When Kuramoto's grandfather arrived in Dairen as a member of the Japanese police force shortly after the end of the Russo-Japanese War in 1905, the family's belief in Japanese supremacy and its "divine" mission to "save" Asia from Western imperialists was firmly in place.
	www.msu.edu /unit/msupress/history/manchurian.html (329 words)

	Russian Cities in China: Dalny (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		There was Liaotung peninsula with naval base of Lüshun and some fishing villages.
		Tsing dynasty in 1898 had leased the peninsula together with the base to Russian Empire.
		Under the Portsmouth peace treaty Russia has refused Liaotung Peninsula (and a half of Sakhalin) for the benefit of Japan.
	www.daochinasite.com /eng/places/dl1.shtml (1254 words)

	Amerika - Japan and China 1875-1912 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In the treaty of Shimonoseki, China cedes to Japan Formosa, the Pescadores islands and the Liaotung peninsula, agrees to pay a large indemnity, and to open up to Japanese trade.
		Thus, February 1904 sees a Japanese surprise attack on the Russian fleet anchored at Port Arthur on the Laotund Peninsular in Manchuria, followed by a Japanese landing in Korea in March and on the Liaotung Peninsula in April.
		Equipped with, among others, the French machine guns that showed themselves to effective during the German offensive into France in 1890, the Russians are able to throw back assault after assault by the Japanese infantry.
	www.changingthetimes.co.uk /samples/USCW/amerikajapchi.htm (1605 words)

	The Russo-Japanese War Research Society
		Port Arthur, Liaotung Peninsula, 8 February 1904, 2230 hrs.
		Port Arthur, Liaotung Peninsula, 24 February 1904, 0245 hrs.
		Port Arthur, Liaotung Peninsula, 10 March 1904, 0400 hrs.
	www.russojapanesewar.com /naval_links.html (151 words)

	IWAO, PRINCE OYAMA - LoveToKnow Article on IWAO, PRINCE OYAMA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		He was a nephew of Saigo, with whom his elder brother sided in the Satsuma insurrection of 1877, but he nevertheless remained loyal to the imperial cause and commanded a brigade against the insurgents.
		When war broke out between China and Japan in 1894, he was appointed commander- in-chief of the second Japanese army corps, which, landing on the Liaotung Peninsula, carried Port Ahhur by storm, and, subsequently crossing to Shantung, captured the fortress of Wei-hai-wei.
		For these services he received the title of marquess, and, three years later, he became field-marshal.
	36.1911encyclopedia.org /O/OY/OYAMA_IWAO_PRINCE.htm (164 words)

	RIA Novosti - Opinion & analysis - RUSSIANS RETURN TO THE LIAOTUNG PENINSULA
		Russian soldiers will again set foot on China's Liaotung Peninsula, a hundred years since the Russo-Japanese war ended in 1905.
		The loss of this strategic sector decided the outcome of the battle of Port Arthur and enabled Japanese forces to seize the entire Liaotung Peninsula.
		Russian military experts are surprised that some Western media reports have portrayed the bilateral troop exercise as a "rehearsal" for a Chinese invasion of Taiwan.
	en.rian.ru /analysis/20050328/39700614.html (1005 words)

	China's Loss of Sovereignty in Manchuria 1895 - 1914
		Soundly defeated, China was in no position to prevent Japan retaining possession of the Liaotung Peninsula.
		Each power thus intervened for its own reasons and it was nothing but good fortune that ensured China retained control of the Liaotung Peninsula in 1895.
		China after delaying for three months was forced to lease the southern tip of the Liaotung Peninsula to Russia and allow a railway line to be built connecting it to the main Russian line.
	www.historyorb.com /asia/manchuria.shtml (1194 words)

	The Nation, 10/19/1932 - Japan Defies the World
		The modern history of Manchuria began when Japan seized Korea from China in the Sino-Japanese war of 1894-95 and was balked of the Liaotung peninsula in South Manchuria only by the intervention of Russia, France and Germany.
		The Russo-Japanese war of 1904-5 followed and Japan took over the Russian lease of the Liaotung peninsula, including Dairen and all Russian concessions and privileges in South Manchuria as far as Changchun, including the corresponding portion of the South Manchurain Railway, the coal mines and Fushun and various subsidiary enterprises.
		...The Russo-Japanese war of 1904-5 followed, and Japan took over the Russian lease of the Liaotung peninsula, including Dairen, and all Russian concessions and privileges in South Manchuria as far as Changchun, including the corresponding portion of the C. (rechristened the South Manchuria Railway), the coal mines, and Fushun and various subsidiary enterprises...
	www.archive.thenation.com /Summaries/v135i3511_12.htm (4479 words)

	Eric Margolis \| Foreign Correspondent : PORT ARTHUR - THE GREAT SIEGE
		My purpose: to explore the 22 Russian forts built on a 20-km arc of steep hills protecting this port at the southern tip of the strategic Liaotung Peninsula – and to commemorate the incredible valor and ferocity of the forgotten 1904-05 Russo-Japanese War, the 20th Century’s first great conflict.
		A Japanese expeditionary army under venerable samurai general, Yasusuke Nogi, landed on the Liaotung Peninsula, and captured the small port of Dalny (today the booming Chinese resort city of Dalian), 50 kms north of Port Arthur.
		In 1945, the Soviet Union defeated Japan’s Kwantung Army based on the Liaotung Peninsula and reoccupied Port Arthur, which it held until 1955, when it was returned to Chinese rule.
	www.ericmargolis.com /archives/2004/10/port_arthur_the_1.php (1530 words)

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