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Topic: Liberal Islam

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	Liberal movements within Islam - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Liberals generally claim that they are returning to the principles of the early Muslim community, arguing that the medievalists have diverged from true Islam through their focus on the literal word rather than the ethical intent of scripture.
		For this reason, liberal Muslims are often critical of traditional Islamic law interpretations which allow polygamy for men but not women, as well as the traditional Islamic law of inheritance under which daughters receive less than sons.
		Liberal Muslims tend to be skeptical about the validity of Islamization of knowledge (including Islamic economics, Islamic science and Islamic philosophy) as separate from mainstream fields of enquiry.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Liberal_Islam (1219 words)

	Liberal movements within Islam Article, LiberalmovementswithinIslam Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Most liberal Muslims oppose slavery and the associated practice of sexual concubinage of slaves, which was not abolished during the time of Muhammadand is permitted in the Qur'an (although the Qur'an does discourage slavery, which was in itself a progressive attitude at thetime).
		Liberal Muslims are generally open tointerfaith dialogue and differences, particularly in the case of the Ahmadi and othercontroversies with Jews, Christians, Hindus, etc.
		Liberals are also less likely to treat narratives of Adam, Noah, Abraham, Jesus and other prophets of Islam in the Qur'an as historical fact, viewing theminstead as moral stories meant to reinforce the ethical message of Islam.
	www.anoca.org /muslims/islamic/liberal_movements_within_islam.html (822 words)

	Islam - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Islam has two primary branches of belief, based largely on a historical disagreement over the succession of authority after Muhammad's death; these are known as Sunnite and Shi'ite.
		Islam teaches that Judaism and Christianity both worship God - but that that their holy books, scriptures, and teachings were changed over time and perverted with doctrines like the trinity (which Islam finds polytheistic), and ideas of any one people being the chosen people (which Islam considers to be racist).
		According to Islam, Muhammad was sent during a time of spiritual darkness and once the Qur'an was finally established, all past revelations were abrogated, making the Last Testament not only for the Arab nation but for all mankind until the Day of Judgement.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Islam (4438 words)

	Article: "The Silenced Majority" by Radwan Masmoudi in THE JOURNAL OF DEMOCRACY April 2003 - Center for the ...
		Liberal Islam is a branch, or school, of Islam that emphasizes human liberty and freedom within Islam.
		Liberal Muslims believe that human beings are created free-a concept that is so important to highlight in the Muslim world today-and that if you take away or diminish freedom, you are in fact contradicting human nature as well as divine will.
		Islam has no clergy and no hierarchy, and therefore all Muslims must voice their opinion, in light of the teachings of Islam and the changing needs and priorities of society.
	www.islam-democracy.org /art_jod_april-2003.asp (1810 words)

	Islam - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Islam [▶] (Arabic: الإسلام al-islām) "the submission to God" is a monotheistic faith, one of the Abrahamic religions, the world's second-largest religion, and the fastest growing religion in the world.
		Islam has three primary branches of belief, based largely on a historical disagreement over the succession of authority after Muhammad's death; these are known as Sunni, Shi'ite and Kharijite.
		As of January 1926, their final ruling on the matter of the origins of the Bahá'í Faith and its relationship to Islam was that the Bahá'í Faith was neither a sect of Islam, nor a religion based on Islam, but a clearly-defined, independently-founded faith.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Islam (5417 words)

	Liberal movements within Islam - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		It should be further noted that the liberal Muslim's focus on individual interpretation and ethics, rather than on the literal word of scripture, may have an antecedent in the Sufi tradition of Islamic mysticism.
		Many liberal Muslims accept that a woman may lead group prayers, despite the custom for women to pray behind or in a balcony, able to see men but not be seen themselves.
		It is in the fervent assertion of the principle of no compromise, driven by a utopian vision of humanity living in peace and co-operation, that the faith of Islam and the politics of Anarchism are said to meet.
	www.northmiami.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Liberal_movements_within_Islam (1694 words)

	Laith Kubba, "Islam and Liberal Democracy: Recognizing Pluralism
		Islam teaches principles of freedom, human dignity, equality, governance by contract, popular sovereignty, and the rule of law that are compatible with but not identical to the cognate principles that belong to the intellectual heritage of liberal democracy.
		Because Muslims often consider the early traditions of Islam to be part of the original message of revelation, they typically look to the way Muslims lived in the past rather than attempt to construct new ways based on both the original teachings of Islam and the realities of modern life.
		Islam is potentially available to be claimed by all Muslims, including modernists and traditionalists, conservatives and liberals, rulers and oppositionists, Sunnis and Shi'ites, and so on.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /acad/intrel/kubba.htm (1546 words)

	Why is Islam against ‘Roshan Khayali’?
		The 'liberal' secular rejection is delivered on the basis of President Musharraf's 'ambivalence' towards the religious parties and his crypto-fundamentalist army background.
		It was once called Islam reform, and was rejected, then it was called ‘modern’ Islam, and was rejected; and now ‘liberal’ Islam or ‘enlightened’ Islam is in the process of being rejected by the Muslims..
		In fact Islam was the first enlightened religion to appeal to the mind of man. The label enlightened has replaced ‘scientific’, ‘natural’ and ‘liberal’ because of their association with the West through of the works of some 19th century ‘reformist’ (jadeed) Muslim thinkers.
	www.thefridaytimes.com /today1/page8.shtml (1791 words)

	Islam, the Modern World, and the West
		Islam and Freedom of Expression, written by Dr. Fathi Osman, a Muslim thinker living in the US, argues that freedom of expression is a basic human right in Islam.
		Islam is mentioned in various places throughout the article, but is discussed in particular with regard to the relationship between ethnicity and the vision of contemporary Islamists.
		Islam in the Modern World Written by the Muslim scholars of ISL Software, this article includes brief discussions of the situation of the Muslim world after the colonial period, Islamic revival, and education and science in the contemporary Muslim world.
	www.uga.edu /islam/islamwest.html (2112 words)

	ipedia.com: Liberal movements within Islam Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Liberal Muslims interpret the Qur'an and Hadith from their personal perspective rather than the traditional Muslim point of view.
		Over the course of the 19th and 20th centuries, liberal Muslims haved tended to reinterpret many aspects of their religion in accordance with their increasingly modern societies and outlooks; this is particularly true of Muslims who now find themselves living in non-Muslim countries.
		Most liberal Muslims oppose slavery and the associated practice of sexual concubinage of slaves, which was not abolished during the time of Muhammad and is permitted in the Qur'an (although the Qur'an does discourage slavery, which was in itself a progressive attitude at the time).
	www.ipedia.com /liberal_movements_within_islam.html (881 words)

	Jaringan Islam Liberal
		Jaringan Islam Liberal (JIL) is a loose forum for discussing and disseminating the concept of Islamic liberalism in Indonesia.
		Liberal Islam represents an Islam that emphasizes individual freedom in accordance with the Muta’zilah (or Mu’tazilite) doctrine of human freedom and liberation of socio-political structure from oppressive and undemocratic domination.
		The adjective "liberal" for the activists in JIL has two meanings: "being liberal" and "liberating." They use this adjective because they do not believe in Islam as such, Islam without an adjective, since in reality Islam has many different interpretations.
	www.seasite.niu.edu /Indonesian/Islam/JIL-background.htm (891 words)

	Islam, Democracy, and the Rentier State (Print version) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Many of the essential challenges to liberal democracy in the Middle East stem from economic and social realities that are historically characteristic of democratic development in many parts of the world, Muslim and non-Muslim.
		While liberal theory refuses to define the common good, a Muslim society arranging liberal institutions from guidance interpreted from the Qur'an would certainly not deny its revelation of the common good, as specified in Shari'a and sought by Muslims through the centuries.
		The introduction of liberal democracy in the Middle Eastern political scene is therefore essentially challenged by both the Islamic opposition and the traditional power-holders.
	www.globalengagement.org /issues/2003/05/democracy-p.htm (2072 words)

	Liberal Islam vs Conservative Islam
		Where is their literature, their model of methodologies etc. As oppose to the ulama which rely of 1400 years worth of written work and intellectual discourse, the abundance of arguments and the non-stop appearance of literature flooding the market all of the time.
		In conclusion, despite the claim of the liberals, it is still unclear as to what is the actual basis for their interpretation of Islam.
		As for their call for progress and rejection of conservative Islam to advance, such a call is outdated and proven to be a lie by history.
	www.freewebs.com /suaraanum/081201.htm (1091 words)

	[No title]
		Islam, we are told, came to destroy age-old world empires, unjust and corrupt, and replace them with a free, egalitarian, God-fearing community (Umma).
		They would say, well, liberalism may seem inconsistent, may have been defeated in the judgment of many professors of philosophy, but it is still alive and well; it has been during the last two centuries and still is the dominant factor in the economic, social and political fields.
		Liberalism expressed in religious terms as deism, secularism, individualism, moralism, may well be shallow and weak, and it may lose every battle in the classroom—in the “Madrasa” I should say—and still triumph outside, in the marketplace.
	w3fp.arizona.edu /mesassoc/Bulletin/laroui.htm (3959 words)

	OhioLINK ETD: Harjanto, Nicolaus
		Islam in Indonesia is acknowledged as moderate, although there are radical Islamic groups that are involved in violent religious conflicts and insist on the implementation of Islamic law in the post-authoritarian Soeharto era.
		The moderation of Islam in Indonesia is not merely because of historical factors, but is also the result of ongoing debates on how to reconcile Islam with modernity.
		This study is to determine whether JIL’s liberal Islam is meant to develop an Islamic conception of liberalism or an Islamic liberal theology.
	www.ohiolink.edu /etd/view.cgi?ohiou1070464571 (226 words)

	Eye on Eurasia: Sources for liberal Islam - (United Press International) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Tartu, Estonia, Jan. 5 (UPI) -- Supporters of what some call "liberal Islam" are using the Internet to spread their ideas, even though the meaning and use of this term by various groups in the Russian Federation and elsewhere remains a matter of intense dispute.
		As such, it would be more appropriate to describe this as "a liberal approach to Islam." But Yemel'yanov says that what people typically call "liberal Islam" is characterized by "openness, tolerance and acceptance of changes taking place in the contemporary world." Moreover, it is neither aggressive nor insistent that Islam is the only true faith.
		One advocate of Euro-Islam who does support "liberal Islam," Yemel'yanov writes, is Tatarstan's Rafael Khakimov, the director of the Kazan Institute of History and a senior adviser to Tatarstan President Mintimir Shaimiev.
	www.washtimes.com /upi-breaking/20050105-115807-7424r.htm (739 words)

	Liberal Islam: A Source-Book
		"Liberal Islam" is not a contradiction in terms; it is a thriving tradition and undergoing a revival within the last generation.
		This anthology presents the work of 32 prominent Muslims who are share parallel concerns with Western liberalism: separation of church and state, democracy, the rights of women and minorities, freedom of thought, and human progress.
		Although the West has largely ignored the liberal tradition within Islam, many of these authors are well-known in their own countries as advocates of democracy and tolerance.
	www.unc.edu /~kurzman/LiberalIslam.htm (584 words)

	Muslim WakeUp! Lily Munir on Indonesian Islamic Liberation Theology
		Some institutions seeking to promote ‘liberal Islam’ are now being liberally funded by certain conservative Western organizations, some of which are known for their close links with the American administration.
		So, this sort of ‘liberal Islamic’ discourse that is today being very vigorously promoted by certain conservative, even right-wing Western agencies in Indonesia, and perhaps elsewhere, too, is carefully tailored to suit the interests of the West and of local elites, because the poor hardly fit into their scheme of things.
		Islam is a universal religion and is not an Arab religion, and hence its appeal transcends a particular culture.
	www.muslimwakeup.com /main/archives/2005/05/lily_munir_on_i.php (3645 words)

	FETHULLAH GULEN AND HIS LIBERAL "TURKISH ISLAM" MOVEMENT
		Islam in Turkish political history, during the reigns of both the Seljuks and the Ottomans, remained under the state’s guidance and as a matter for the private sphere.
		He writes of an "Anatolian Islam" based on tolerance and excluding harsh restrictions or fanaticism and frequently emphasizes that there should be freedom of worship and thought in Turkey.
		Others argued that the meeting was a plot to portray him and his community as embracing all sections of society and as enjoying a status higher than the state.
	www.biu.ac.il /SOC/besa/meria/journal/2000/issue4/jv4n4a4.html (5862 words)

	The fatal complementarity of Islam and the West
		Islam is a non-Western religion set on conquering and converting non-Moslems, while liberalism is a Western ideology set on tolerating and including non-Westerners.
		Being a liberal American means being a nice person who is tolerant of others, wanting to see other people as individuals and putting group differences into the background.
		For our liberal American identity to be sustainable, we must go on believing that all people are essentially like us.
	www.amnation.com /vfr/archives/002990.html (496 words)

	Weekly Special Report, October 24, 2002
		Scholars on a panel discussing "liberal Islam and Islamist liberalism" at the Middle East Institute's 56th Annual Conference on October 11 agreed that there is currently a momentum within the Muslim world to carry out reforms that promote democracy and freedom.
		In explaining the difference between liberal Muslims and radical Muslims, Khan said, "moderate and liberal Muslims believe that the objective of Islam is to enlighten society.
		In tackling problems and obstacles, the first option for liberal Muslims is ijtihad (the practice of exerting one's utmost to understand Islamic jurisprudence) and the last option is jihad (war)," he said.
	www.telecom.net.et /~usemb-et/wwwh4212.htm (655 words)

	The official website of Irshad Manji, author of The Trouble with Islam Today. Islamic reform - progressive Islam. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Trouble with Islam Today is an open letter from me, a Muslim voice of reform, to concerned citizens worldwide -- Muslim and not.
		But what this book hammers home is that only in Islam is literalism mainstream.Which means that when abuse happens under the banner of Islam, most Muslims have no clue how to dissent, debate, revise or reform.
		By that standard, how Muslims actually behave is Islam, and to sweep that reality under the rug of theory is to absolve ourselves of any responsibility for our fellow human beings.
	www.muslim-refusenik.com /thebook.html (930 words)

	LIBERAL ISLAM: PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGES
		Liberalism in the Islamic world and liberalism in the West may share common elements, but they are not exactly the same thing.
		Because liberal Islam shares concerns with Western liberalism, critics claim, it must not be a valid interpretation of the religion-if X is Western, it cannot be Islamic.
		During the elections of late 1991 and early 1992, the liberal wing was in the ascendant; its leaders were setting the group's policy, its candidates were running for office, and it stood a great chance of actually coming to power.
	www.biu.ac.il /SOC/besa/meria/journal/1999/issue3/jv3n3a2.html (3568 words)

	United Press International - International(p) - Eye on Eurasia: Sources for liberal Islam (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		"'Liberal Islam'," Credo.ru's Valeriy Yemel'yanov writes, "is a reading of the dogmatics and social-political doctrines of this religion which strives to adapt it to the realities of the contemporary world and above all to the achievements of Western civilization such as freedom of the personality, economic freedom, democracy and human rights."
		The former see them as the basis for squaring Islam with modernity, while the latter accuse him of seeking to replace genuine Islam with what one writer has called an overly-permissive, even "drunken" Islam.
		Instead, he clearly hopes that ever more Muslims in Russia and abroad will consider the ideas of the "liberal Islam" project even if in the end they do not accept them in their entirety.
	www.upi.com /view.cfm?StoryID=20050105-115807-7424r (981 words)

	Islam Dupes Liberal Pacifists
		They have only one: âThe overthrow of the godless regimes and their replacement with an Islamic regime.â The terrorists have some other minor goals, but they are all in place to achieve the main goal of world domination.
		Knowing that the foolish, liberal West will fall all over itself to be fair with an enemy that doesnât know the meaning of the word âfair,â the terrorist will be given a trial.
		When a Marine kills two terrorists who are coming toward him and they refuse to stop when ordered, it is the Marine who is the criminal, not the two dead men who had just carried out a terror attack on our troops.
	www.tblog.com /templates/index.php?bid=LynnKramer&static=403748 (1093 words)

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