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Topic: Liberal feminism


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In the News (Tue 24 Nov 09)

  
  Liberal feminism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Liberal feminism is a somewhat conservative or libertarian form of feminism by today’s standards, although it is rooted classically in liberalism.
Liberal feminism leans towards an equality of sameness with men (not a difference feminism).
Liberal feminists also tend to be pro-choice when it comes to debates concerning abortion.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Liberal_feminism   (398 words)

  
 Feminism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Feminism is a diverse collection of social theories, political movements, and moral philosophies, largely motivated by or concerning the experiences of women, especially in terms of their social, political, and economic situation.
Feminism as a philosophy and movement in the modern sense may be usefully dated to The Enlightenment with such thinkers as Lady Mary Wortley Montagu and the Marquis de Condorcet championing women's education.
Feminism became an organized movement in the 19th century as people increasingly came to believe that women were being treated unfairly.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Feminism   (4344 words)

  
 John Flynn Project   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-07-12)
The reasons for the retreat of feminism between the 1920s and the 1960s are not of overriding concern to us but what does matter is the intellectual climate of the period, both as a precursor of what was to follow and as a milieu containing the feminist ideas of the time, such as they were.
Liberal feminism is chiefly concerned with campaigning on specific issues and, using the Equal Rights Amendment campaign to mobilize large numbers of women, NOW grew from 35,000 members in the mid-1970s to a quarter of a million by 1982 (Ryan 1992).
Therefore, liberal feminism is not ideological because, as part of the cultural mainstream, it is organized in a relatively diffuse manner and represented by a variety of ideas derived from widespread assumptions and values.
www.geocities.com /johnflynn67/flych3.html   (4417 words)

  
 Introduction to Ecofeminism - Karen J. Warren
For instance, suppose by "feminism" one means "liberal feminism." Liberal feminism builds on a Western liberal political and philosophical framework that idealizes a society in which autonomous individuals are provided maximal freedom to pursue their own interests.
There are two main ecological indications of liberal feminism: the first draws the line of moral considerability at humans, separating humans from nonhumans and basing any claims to moral consideration of nonhumans either on the alleged rights or interests of humans, or on the consequences of such consideration for human well-being.
The claim is that language that so feminizes nature and naturalizes women describes, reflects, and perpetuates the domination and inferiorization of both by failing to see the extent to which the twin dominations of women and nature (including animals) are, in fact, culturally (and not merely figuratively) analogous.
www2.pfeiffer.edu /~lridener/courses/ecowarrn.html   (4841 words)

  
 Different Types of Feminist Theory
Liberal feminists believe that women have the same mental capacity as their male counterparts and should be given the same opportunities in political, economic and social spheres.
Liberal feminists are responsible for many important acts of legislation that have greatly increased the status of women, including reforms in welfare, education and health.
In contrast to ideals of liberal feminism, which tend to focus on the individual woman, the socialist feminist theory focuses on the broader context of social relations in the community and includes aspects of race, ethnicity and other differences.
www.colostate.edu /Depts/Speech/rccs/theory84.htm   (1331 words)

  
 eG - Features - The Gauntlet Feminism Supplement
Among post-modern feminism deconstructions is the word "women," which they claim is meaningless because of the heterogeneity among females, and "females," which are defined in terms of males.
In terms of feminism, liberal feminists believe the inequality of women stems from the denial of equal rights and from their learned reluctance to exercise such rights.
Critics of liberal feminism believe the definition of "equal rights" as those extended to men encourages women to seek equality based on a traditionally male lifestyle, and, therefore, puts down the validity of men and women seeking recognition for pursuing avenues perceived as traditionally female.
www.ucalgary.ca /~gauntlet/eg/features/stories/20010315/supp17.html   (1015 words)

  
 The Dissident Feminist: Schools of Feminist Thought
Amazon feminism is dedicated to the image of the female hero in fiction and in fact, as it is expressed in art and literature, in the physiques and feats of female athletes, and in sexual values and practices.
Amazon feminism is concerned about physical equality and is opposed to gender role stereotypes and discrimination against women based on assumptions that women are supposed to be, look or behave as if they are passive, weak and physically helpless.
They are closely affiliated with liberal feminism, but tend to question the need for further effort, and do not think that Radical feminism is any longer viable and in fact rather embarrassing (this is the group most likely to espouse feminist ideas and thoughts while denying being "feminist").
www.sapphireblue.com /dissident_feminist/factions.shtml   (3119 words)

  
 FEMINISM VS. MULTICULTURALISM?   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-07-12)
Unfortunately, Okin's unshakable confidence in the rightness of her moral and political judgments blinds her to the merits of views she opposes and practices of which she disapproves; it also leads her to overlook the inadequacies of her own ideal and the limitations of the way of life she is defending.
Liberal democracies should protect the individual rights of all women within their borders, including women whose cultures and religions sanction practices that deny women's fundamental rights.
Liberal democracies should not grant minorities special group rights or privileges to assist them in preserving their culture or religion in a foreign land, as many theorists of multiculturalism wish.
mason.gmu.edu /~berkowit/feminismvsmulticulturalism.htm   (1875 words)

  
 Steeves Article -- Watts Critique   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-07-12)
Steeves’ article is a concise summary of the assumptions of three main forms of feminism -- radical, liberal and socialist feminism -- and the way their assumptions fit into the frameworks of mass media theory.
Liberal feminists believe that women and men are the same and that women’s devaluation can be attributed to their overall exclusion from opportunity in society.
Liberal feminist approaches are common in media studies, including content analyses, historical and processor studies and effects studies.
www.unc.edu /courses/2000fall/jomc245-001/watts_critique_2.html   (802 words)

  
 LIBERAL FEMINISM
The liberal feminist works of John Stuart Mill, Betty Friedan and Janet Radcliffe Richards are critically examined, and compared and contrasted to the anarcho-feminism of Emma Goldman.
Butler, Melissa A., "Early Liberal Roots of Feminism: John Locke and the Attack on Patriarchy," in Feminism and Philosophy.
Excellent analysis of the origins of liberal feminism in Enlightenment thought (particularly notions of individualism and equality) and its potential contribution to radical change.
pegasus.cc.ucf.edu /~spark/readlistliberal.html   (617 words)

  
 Modern Feminist Thought by Imelda Whelehan
Because of liberalism's long history of links with industrial capitalism, liberal feminists tend to be reluctant to pose any direct challenge to capitalism, which effectively leaves the option of a limited intervention in the institutions which maintain it.
A woman who is a liberal feminist might rarely define herself as a feminist, although she may be happy to declare her support of women's equality in the workplace and in law.
Its almost wholesale departure from an older tradition of feminism was particularly evident in the stance adopted towards sexuality and the representation of women in the mass media.
www.pinn.net /~sunshine/book-sum/mod-fem.html   (3405 words)

  
 Social Anarchism/Anarchism, Feminism and the Individual
Minimally, feminism is a commitment to gender equality, a recognition that male domination exists and is wrong.
In her words, "the contradiction between liberalism (as patriarchal and individualist in structure and ideology) and feminism (as sexual egalitarian and collectivist) lays the basis for feminism's movement beyond liberalism" (Zillah Eisenstein, p.3).
Feminism is the warp, anarchism is the weft, and ecology is the fiber.
library.nothingness.org /articles/SA/en/display/357   (3251 words)

  
 EVE ONLINE | Feminism
Liberal Feminism: mainstream; reformist; largely white middle class constituency; believes women's presence in the patriarchal system can humanize it; struggles primarily within the system for equal rights for women.
One version of radical feminism is political, rationalist, and theoretical; feels women's biology (birthing, menstruation, etc.) under patriarchy limits women's access to and power in the public sphere; rejects viewing women as closer to nature.
In contrast, radical cultural feminism exalts in all that is "essentially" female; called cultural feminism due to its celebration of women's culture (women's music, goddess worship, etc.); embraces connections with nature and animals; lesbian separatists have roots in this camp; believes women and women's culture hold the key to planetary healing.
eve.enviroweb.org /perspectives/issues/feminism.html   (813 words)

  
 | Book Review | Law and History Review, 18.3 | The History Cooperative
Woman Suffrage and the Origins of Liberal Feminism examines the relationship between the political ideology of the suffragists and their acts of political expediency that eventually won the vote for women.
According to Marilley, over the years suffragists developed three distinct liberal feminist ideologies that dominated during different phases of the movement and that were designed to mobilize different supporters against different forms of opposition to their cause.
These three feminisms are the feminism of equal rights, the feminism of fear, and the feminism of personal development.
www.historycooperative.org /journals/lhr/18.3/br_15.html   (993 words)

  
 What are the basic elements of Feminism? What are the differences between liberal and radical feminism
So liberal feminists campaign for the removal of the social, economic, political and legal obstacles that deny women the same freedom as men.
While liberal feminists wish to create equality in society and are quite happy to live with men so long as they are not treated as lesser citizens, some radical feminists wish to see a policy, which would see women, cut themselves off from men entirely both socially and sexually.
Kate Millet developed this idea in Sexual Politics in which she defined the 'patriarchal government' as an institution 'whereby that half of the population which is female is controlled by the half which is male'.
www.coursework.info /i/16376.html   (520 words)

  
 Mary-Kate G. Smith: Is Western Liberal Feminism Bad for Women? / Labyrinth vol. 3, Winter 2001
Liberalism is a tradition that has been born out of many ideas of several thinkers and of several social situations, but is most often characterized as part of the “western” tradition.
Liberal feminists agree with these concepts in principle but argue that all societies, even those that are traditionally based on liberal values, have often excluded women from participation in society and the fulfillment of their rights.
Since Susan Moller Okin believes that liberal values are universalizable to all women and people regardless of their culture, historical situations and situated positions, she argues against the universal oppression of women from men.
labyrinth.iaf.ac.at /2001/Smith.html   (8972 words)

  
 Gender Studies
Liberal feminism Liberal feminists argue that women equal men in ability, and that the gendering of war reflects male discrimination against women (i.e., sexism).
Liberal feminists argue that women have performed well when, under military necessity, they have been allowed to participate in military operations – such as the WACs shown in Figure 1.5 – but have faced persistent discrimination, including dismissal from such positions once a war ends.
The positions of difference and liberal feminists regarding war can be somewhat reconciled by acknowledging their different levels of analysis – the individual for liberal feminism and the gender group for difference feminism.
www.warandgender.com /wggenstu.htm   (4157 words)

  
 Cornell College: Women's Resource Page
Liberal feminist thought began in the Eighteenth Century and has encompassed numerous issues such as education, slavery, and voting rights.
Mary Wollstonecraft, one of the earliest liberal feminists, denied that women's emotional disposition was due to nature.
Welfare liberals, on the other hand, want society to believe that women should be compensated for past injustices, as well as eliminating socioeconomic and legal barriers.
www.cornellcollege.edu /womens_studies/resources/theory/liberal.html   (436 words)

  
 Liberal Feminism
Feminism began as the radical shift towards a kind of humanism, somewhere in the middle.
Feminism is really about being able to choose the aspirations that are right for you.
The acceptance of his role of choice (their roles of choice) was frowned upon before feminism started it's integration into our society.
www.suite101.com /discussion.cfm/feminism_revisited/63286/479969   (1679 words)

  
 [No title]
Since radical feminism assumes universal male domination and seeks separatism as a solution, the implication for mass media studies is that a feminist press is needed with separate processors, channels, and audiences.
Liberal theory assumes that rational mental development is the highest human ideal and that the state should act to assure equal opportunities for all in pursuing this goal and associated ones.
Liberal feminists' belief that equal opportunity is possible within existing capitalist socioeconomic systems leads to an acceptance of tradi tional social science research methods that treat every unit studied (subject, household, etc.) as though it were equal.
www.sou.edu /polisci/hughes/469docs/steeves.htm   (13054 words)

  
 FeministPlanet.com
Liberal feminism affirms that there should be equality for everyone, since all people are created equal.
Liberal feminism has been denounced by those who believe that it focuses soley on the most surface forms of sexism, while doing nothing to break down the internal ideological formations which subordinate women to men.
It should be highly noted, however, that liberal feminists helped millions of women obtain welfare, education, and benefit from health reforms.
www.feministplanet.com /femtypes.asp?id=2   (157 words)

  
 Liberal Feminism
But the liberal responds to this by pointing out that when one seeks out a professional such as a doctor, lawyer, plumber, or mechanic, one is not centrally concerned in the person doing the professional work—only his or her services.
The Marxist feminist response to the liberal position is that prostitution represents a corruption of wage labor, and is therefore degrading and oppressive.
Liberals sometimes seem to want to “get off the hook” of responsibility for what prostitution does to some women by claiming that they do not promote prostitution, but merely view it as an inherent right of choice.
www.feministissues.com /liberal_feminism.html   (1023 words)

  
 Harvard University Press/Woman Suffrage and The Origins of Liberal Feminism in the United States, 1820-1920
In demanding equal rights and the vote for women, woman suffragists introduced liberal feminist dissent into an emerging national movement against absolute power in the forms of patriarchy, church administrations, slavery, and false dogmas.
The feminism of equal rights, which called for freedom through equality, emerged during the Jacksonian era to counter those opposed to women's public participation in antislavery reform.
The feminism of fear, the defense of women's right to live free from fear of violent injury or death perpetrated particularly by drunken men, flourished after the Civil War.
www.hup.harvard.edu /catalog/MARWOM.html   (281 words)

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