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Topic: Liberalism in Romania

	the radical left in the postcommunist epoch
		And so liberal democracy came to be defined primarily in legal and administrative terms, as the equal rights of citizens before the law and as the freedom of individuals to choose their representatives.
		Whether this “liberation” of the market is synonymous with democracy, understood even in the most limited sense as being in the interest of the majority of people, depends on who and what is being liberated.
		Price liberalization has meant removing price controls and limitations set by the government, which had assured that things like housing, utilities and transportation remained at a level that was affordable to the poorest and most numerous segments of society.
	romania.indymedia.org /en/2005/10/1061.shtml (5784 words)

	Moses Montefiore Congregation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Even after the Revolution in Romania, the philosophy of the Jewish people in my country is the safe continuation of the one refined during centuries and millennia of oppression, to which they have got used the same way a wife gets used to her being abused by her husband.
		Moses Gaster, the rabbi of London, was born in Romania and was one of the prime scholars of the country.
		When Romania declared the war against the Soviet Union and started to deport and exterminate the Jews on a large scale, the only reason that he ordered the army to slow down the process was that there were not enough means to fully carry it out.
	www.mosesmontefiorecongregation.org /adulted.html (7057 words)

	Liberalism (Page 3)
		journalism as liberal; liberalism and journalism have much in common, or at least they should have.
		Liberals understand that one person's panacea could well be another's plague and that truth is proximate; it all depends on the context.
		The essence of liberalism is unfreedom: the opposite of liberalism is escape from liberal structures.
	members.tripod.com /~doggo/doggliberalismpg3.html (718 words)

	CHAPTER V
		Romania gained more favorable economic conditions and the emergence of a single political structure as a result of the union of two Danubian principalities, Wallachia and Moldova, which led to the foundation in 1859 of a new state — the Union of the Romanian Principalities.
		This can be explained by the fact that the schooling policy of the liberal bourgeoisie was mainly concentrated on secondary school and superior education, considered as "a condition for the development of the national economy".
		As a consequence, Romania’s education was marked by imposed, profound transformations whose main result was the abolishment of the pre-communist educational system.
	www.crvp.org /book/Series04/IVA-14/chapter_v.htm (8141 words)

	MATEI.ORG :: Making the invisible, visible (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Although the ideology of the 1848 movement has customarily been regarded as a liberal one, the author believes that the model individual that stands at its core is a “genius” (a “civilizing hero”) ignoring the possibility of social equality, regardless of intellectual or social background.
		The 48-ers, inspired by Jules Michelet’s philosophy of history, adopted a liberalism that was messianic and nationalistic at the same time: Romania had to become free and to march in lockstep with the European nations, but this should apply to the nation as a whole.
		He was a proponent of ideological competition between conservatives and liberals as the true engine of politics, and he was for political devolution, for freedom of the press, for the balance of powers, for enlarging social access to public service, etc.
	matei.org /research/intelect/siulea_eng.htm (2094 words)

	The Rise of Illiberal Democracy by Fareed Zakaria
		Western liberal democracy might prove to be not the final destination on the democratic road, but just one of many possible exits.
		It is liberal because it draws on the philosophical strain, beginning with the Greeks, that emphasizes individual liberty.
		It is not a coincidence that in twentieth-century Spain, the beachhead of liberalism lay in Catalonia, for centuries a doggedly independent and autonomous region.
	www.fareedzakaria.com /articles/other/democracy.html (6336 words)

	Contemporary Civil-Military Relations in Romania:
		Nationalism is very strong in Romania. Even though the Dacian race has virtually been a non-entity since the 11th century, Romanians take great pride in their Dacian-routes.
		Romania already had many of the characteristics needed for a military coup as defined by Welch and Smith:
		While the world was growing and advancing greatly, Romania was stuck in a rut. Even basic food items were in short supply and difficult to come by in large numbers. Fuel and power were very scarce. Ceausescu sent the great resources of Romania abroad and left nothing for the Romanians themselves.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/6378/pols422d.html (994 words)

	CHAPTER XVII
		Their mission was to realize the unity of the Romanian soul and to determine the spiritual reconstruction of Romania even as their forerunners had achieved the political union.
		The opposition, having liberal conceptions and sympathies, promoted and supported the idea that all sorts of traditionalisms should be abandoned because they were considered the main obstacle against modernization.
		He agrees with the liberal attitude on an almost negative influence of the state which is supposed to assure the protection and safety of its citizens, but he rejects any interference to the privacy of each person.
	www.crvp.org /book/Series01/I-19/chapter_xvii.htm (4827 words)

	CER \| Book Review: The Meaning of Liberalism East and West
		Where Western liberals, Suda claims, have no faith whatsoever—only suspicion of any and all kinds of socialist theories and programs—liberals in the East tend to see some value in the theories and possibilities of certain programs, believing that it was the Soviet-style totalitarian form of socialism that was wrong.
		In fact, political liberalism is never entirely reducible to the rational behavior of free individuals, moved only by their relentless pursuit of the maximization of utility.
		The claims made in the introduction of liberalism victorious are not upheld by the present-day political situation (see Kai-Olaf Lang's article "Falling Down" on the decline of Central European liberalism in CER, August 2000); the reader wonders why.
	www.ce-review.org /01/2/books2_mrozek.html (1345 words)

	The Liberalism of John Paul II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Liberals who paid any attention at all to the document were not convinced of the demise of socialism and lifted up passages that they thought supportive of their collectivist dream.
		Liberalism, it is charged, is premised upon the fiction of a "social contract" that is, in turn, premised exclusively upon self-interest.
		The wages of liberalism is consumerism, and consumerism is all-consuming.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-religion/1533101/posts (12613 words)

	Liberalism worldwide - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Republican Party, re-founded as Liberal Democracy in 1997 and re-shaped as a free-market libertarian party, left UDF in 1998 and merged in the conservative Union for a Popular Movement, of which it represents the libertarian wing.
		Many would argue that this party is indeed a liberal party, simply a classical liberal party and that it is the perception of what liberalism is that has changed, not the Liberal Party (which promotes the free market approach that liberals worldwide used to promote before the 20th century).
		The term small-l liberal generally refers to someone who champions civil liberties and progressive causes such as Australian republicanism and reconciliation with Indigenous Australians, as in parties such as the Australian Democrats, which began its life as a fusion of social-liberals disaffected with the Liberal Party.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Liberalism_worldwide (5926 words)

	totalitarianism today: Romania
		Romania has managed to stay off the Western radar save where the Roma and AIDS orphans are concerned, which is a pity, since there are quite a few social change agents radicalizing the nonprofit world there.
		Romania's unusual tradition of child abandonment began with a ban on birth control imposed by Nicolae Ceausescu, the former dictator, in 1966, in the aim of increasing the population.
		Basescu said Romania will be strictly monitored by the European Commission and intends to become an example for "profound reforms." He said a "dignified integration" in the EU would be impossible without first solving the country's major problems -- corruption and poverty.
	alina_stefanescu.typepad.com /totalitarianism_today/romania/index.html (6303 words)

	RADOR: News from Romania, 98-08-17
		In Romania it is necessary a strong Liberal party for affirmation of Liberal values in Romanian environment one of these being limitation of state's part in Romanian society.
		Speaking about that Valeriu Stoica has specified in Romania state has still a predominant position in economy and in these conditions being on rule PNL has to find methods for rapid retreat of state from economy one of them being pivatization.
		In a statement of Presidency's Press Office quoted by it is specified head of state assured Nina Ilascu he is to continue his efforts for releasing her husband and the other members of Ilascu's group imprisoned unjustly.
	www.hri.org /news/balkans/rador/1998/98-08-17.rador.html (945 words)

	Mihail Kogalniceanu (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Paradoxically, Moldovan failure and frustration in 1848 was rewarded in 1849 when, subsequent to the Convention of Balta-Liman (April), Grigore Ghica, a liberal reformer and unionist was named Prince of Moldova (1849-1856) by the Sultan.
		Following Cuza's ouster in 1866, Kogalniceanu continued to be the leader of pragmatic reform liberalism in Romania, and was a cabinet member a number of times, including foreign minister in 1877-1878 when Romania achieved complete independence.
		By temperament and education a conservative, Kogalniceanu was a democratic nationalist in the mold of Hardenberg and Stein, but not a radical.
	www.ohiou.edu /~Chastain/ip/kolganic.htm (954 words)

	The Ottoman Sultans of Turkey & Successors in Romania
		A Western, or a modern liberal, evaluation will not give that much weight, but it is not hard to imagine that the sensation it created in Islâm was not much different from that in Christendom at the capture of Jerusalem by the First Crusade, or the completion of the Reconquista in Spain.
		Thus, "Modern Romania" here means the modern successor states, first to Rome ("Romania" to itself, "Byzantium" to the historians), second to the Ottoman Empire, which in the 14th and 15th centuries established its domination over all former Roman possessions, and more, in the Eastern Mediterranean.
		The modern state might be said to be "Lesser Romania" in contrast to that "Greater Romania"; but this might be considered insulting by Romanians (though intentionally no more so than "Lesser Armenia" in Cilicia) and so is not likely to catch on.
	www.friesian.com /turkia.htm (12137 words)

	National Liberal Party (Romania) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Partidul Naţional Liberal (National Liberal Party) is a liberal party in Romania, and the second largest party in parliament, being edged out only by the Social Democratic Party.
		However, it is the largest member of the governing Justice and Truth alliance, which enjoys a parliamentary majority due to an alliance between the Liberal Party, the Democratic Party, and the Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania.
		The National Liberal Party also supports the neutrality of the state in moral and religious issues, as well as the privatisation and denationalisation of the economy, a trend which is currently taking place quite rapidly in Romania, as in other post-communist economies.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/National_Liberal_Party_(Romania) (493 words)

	CER \| Romania: Iliescu's people take control
		Although Party for Social Democracy in Romania (PDSR) Prime Minister Adrian Nastase is pledged to reduce bureaucracy by 30 per cent he has created the biggest government team since 1990.
		Their view is that such a committee would be unconstitutional as it is up to the deputies as a whole to determine the business of the Chamber.
		Leaders of the Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania (UDMR) and the PNL have approached the PDSR with demands that their representatives be allowed to maintain their government posts.
	www.ce-review.org /01/2/romanianews2.html (1096 words)

	Archive \| July 1997 \| Canada drops to 14th in world economic freedom ranking
		Since the collapse of communism, the economies of Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union have gone through a dramatic period of transition.
		Except for Romania, the former Soviet bloc countries recorded summary rating increases of at least 1.5 units between 1990-1995.
		The research indicates that political direction towards more liberal economic frameworks creates the foundations internally for the achievement of economic growth and prosperity.
	www.enterstageright.com /archive/articles/0797ecofree.htm (782 words)

	Liberalism and Nationalism (CHAPTER 21) - Education (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Liberals had a vision of the Greek Revolution of 1821 as a revival of the classical Greek democracy, and many fought amongst the revolutionaries
		Aristocratic liberty was thought by liberals to be a concept of privilege based on wealth and property rather than birth
		To prevent success of nationalism and liberalism even further, the Austrians were determined to dominate the states of the German Confederation, which replaced the Holy Roman Empire as a loose organization of 39, rather than the pre-Napoleonic 300+, nominally independent kingoms and principalities
	maxpages.com /apeurohistory/Liberalism_and_Nationalism - !http://maxpages.com/apeurohistory/Liberalism_and_Nationalism (4754 words)

	Debates on Development in an European Suburb
		EUGEN LOVINESCU'S IDEA OF Interwar Romania was characterized by a diverse and highly sophisticated intellectual life.
		As Virgil Nemoianu observed, "for about twenty years, Eugen Lovinescu was the most seminal and forceful spokesman for classical liberalism in Romania, and the only one to respond in a creative way to the challenges of a rapidly changing historical environment."
		In his view, modern societies were interdependent; the discoveries and inventions in the more advanced societies influenced also the less advanced ones, because the latter imitated the former.
	institutulxenopol.tripod.com /xenopoliana/arhiva/2001/pagini/8.htm (4306 words)

	THE CASE FOR REDISTRIBUTIVE LIBERALISM
		In fact, there is an important tradition of "redistributive liberalism" associated with the growth of capitalist relations, going back at least to the redistribution of lands in the English Civil War and French Revolution (Schmidt 1997).
		But the redistribution of equity is not so simple as the redistribution of land, and Klaus was not so austerely liberal as he seemed.
		In the laboratory of capitalism’s most recent revolutions, Mill’s proposition is being tested: for liberal property relations to flourish, property is best distributed liberally.
	www.rh.edu /~stodder/SOVEQ3.html (2395 words)

	Liberalism in evangelical garb
		It is the liberal scholar, not the Evangelical, who moulds Scripture to his own expectation!
		This, of course, is just what modern man wants to hear—Adam never existed, his fall into sin never happened and the Flood (if it took place at all) was a local event with no implications of judgment from God.
		As with many such books, the author’s liberalism is revealed in his treatment of the Flood.
	www.answersingenesis.org /docs2004/0601liberalism.asp (1578 words)

	The Crisis of the modern World, the New World Order and Kali Yuga
		The situation of the freshly-independent(from 1877) Romania was quite dangerous: Extreme Northern Moldavia(Bukovina) had been occupied by Austria-Hungary, Transylvania had the same status, Bessarabia(Eastern Moldavia) had been occupied in 1812 by the Russians, and following the Independence War of 1877, the Russians had extended further South, taking the Southeastern Moldavia till the Danube.
		was Liberalism, and the Liberal Party had formed solely the Goverment for a few years.
		There had been plenty of alarm signals from the Western European governments and banking systems, who had granted huge loans to the Romanian economy, and who did not want, at any costs, a new Nationalist movement to get power.
	www.geocities.com /integral_tradition/irongua.html (2073 words)

	The Nanny State, The Finger Pointers, and the Crybabies
		Whatever modern political scientists think about European liberalism now called classical liberalism and often opposite of American liberalism, it no doubt had a tremendous impact on the framers of America's constitution.
		Indeed, as the 18th century drew to a close, Absolutism was reeling in favor of a new emerging political and economic theory, liberalism.
		The purpose of the above transgression is not to evoke a debate about natural rights, classical liberalism, or its application in today's government (for few historians deny the linkage between this political thought and that which is embodied in the U.S. Constitution).
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/political_economy/12229 (443 words)

	Ion Ghica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Ion Ghica (1817-1897) Descendant of a Romanian noble family (nine ruling princes), prominent Romanian writer and political leader, and one of the founders of modern Romania.
		We were all Romanians." He was greatly influenced by his uncle Ion Cimpineanu, one of the prime movers of the Romanian national awakening in Muntenia and organizer of the failed 1840 conspiracy.
		For a time he lived at the home of Alecsandri, who was to be a lifelong friend and cultural collaborator.
	www.ohiou.edu /~Chastain/dh/ghica.htm (749 words)

	Political Science : Political Ideologies / Conservatism & Liberalism : Liberalism - History books, find the lowest ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		You may browse this category by title or by publication date.
		The Rise and Fall of Liberal Government in Victorian Britain
		Liberalism and Social Reform : Industrial Growth and Progressiste Politics in France, 1880-1914
	www.allbookstores.com /Liberalism-History_p23sd.html (319 words)

	What Is Liberalism?
		Our goal is to recover the full liberal tradition from the many factions who have attempted to take one of liberalism's many themes and make it the whole truth about liberalism.
		Libertarians who would excommunicate the social reformers from the liberal camp, and social reformers who would excommunicate the libertarians, will here be shown the extent to which the other side has long been part of the tradition.
		All posts on our main theme will be grouped in the category of "Classic Liberalism" which you can see on the category page for Classic Liberalism.
	www.whatisliberalism.com /index.php?pageId=81082 (2968 words)

	[Imc-romania] Fwd: gay fest romania
		saracii de ei - sa treaca in cativa ani de la comunism la liberalism, la social-liberalism, la umanism si acum la conservatorism.
		> > Razvan > > Ovidiu Tichindeleanu wrote: > > From: AActiv-ist Collective > > > > To: alter-ee at lists.most.org.pl > > Subject: gay fest romania > > Date: Fri, 27 May 2005 04:31:29 -0700 (PDT) > > > > in 23-29 mai in bucharest takes place Gay Fest > 2005.
		> > maybe some other people from romania here have > more > > info about the topic.
	lists.indymedia.org /pipermail/imc-romania/2005-May/0527-ht.html (605 words)

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