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Topic: Liberian English

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	American English - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		American English has both spelling and grammatical differences from British English, some of which were made as part of an attempt to rationalize the English spelling used by British English at the time.
		English words that arose in the US A number of words that have arisen in the United States have become common, to varying degrees, in English as it is spoken internationally.
		English words obsolete outside the US A number of words that originated in the English of the British Isles are still in everyday use in North America, but are no longer used in most varieties of British English.
	open-encyclopedia.com /American_English (2185 words)

	Learn more about English language in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		English is descended from the language spoken by the Germanic tribes the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes that began populating the British Isles around 500 AD.
		English is the first language in Australia, the Bahamas, Barbados, Bermuda, Guyana, Jamaica, New Zealand, Antigua, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Trinidad and Tobago, the United Kingdom and the United States of America.
		English orthography is historical, not phonological, orthography and diverges considerably from the spoken language.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /e/en/english_language.html (1893 words)

	American English - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Newfoundland English and the dialect of New Britain, Connecticut are notable exceptions.
		American English has both spelling and grammatical differences from British English (or Commonwealth English), some of which were made as part of an attempt to rationalize the English spelling used by British English at the time.
		English words that arose in the U.S. A number of words that arose in the United States have become common, to varying degrees, in English as it is spoken internationally.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/American_English (1782 words)

	Liberian English - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Liberian English is the form of English spoken in the African country of Liberia.
		Because freed American slaves settled in Liberia, it is a descendant of American English.
		The English of American slaves was already markedly different from that of white America, and when freed slaves were sent to Liberia, the languages diverged even further.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Liberian_English (149 words)

	Words in English :: Usage
		English is the second or third most popular world language, as measured by the number of native speakers, which was around 402 million in 2002.
		English is the first language of a large majority of the population in the United States of America, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (including England, Scotland and Wales), Ireland (Eire), Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the Bahamas, Barbados, Bermuda, Guyana, Jamaica, Antigua, Saint Kitts and Nevis, and Trinidad and Tobago.
		English is also one of the primary languages of Belize (with Spanish), Cameroon (with French and African languages), Dominica, St. Lucia and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (with French Creole), the Federated States of Micronesia, and Liberia (with African languages).
	www.ruf.rice.edu /~kemmer/Words04/usage (818 words)

	Encyclopedia: Liberian English (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Hawaiian English is the standard of the English language as used in the State of Hawaii, and is — along with the Hawaiian language — an official language of the state.
		Indian English is a catch-all phrase for the dialects or varieties of English spoken widely in India (by about 11% of the population, according to the 1991 census although the nuber of Indian English speakers have dramatically increased since then) and the Indian subcontinent in general, but also by...
		International English is the concept of the English language as a global means of communication in numerous dialects, and the movement towards an international standard for the language.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Liberian-English (998 words)

	Scottish English (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Scottish English (also known as Scottish Standard English) is the form of the English language used in Scotland.
		The standard spelling and grammar are generally the same as in British English, however, there are some unique characteristics, many of which originate from the country's two other languages, Gaelic and Scots.
		Scottish English also makes common use of the word outwith, meaning outside of, and the uniquely Scottish and often over-used term wee, which Scots use to say small.
	www.1-free-software.com /en/wikipedia/s/sc/scottish_english.html (224 words)

	Liberia Country Study
		Of the varieties of English spoken in Liberia, the most prestigious is standard Liberian English, used in formal political speeches, in the print and broadcast media, and at all levels of the education system.
		Standard Liberian English is spoken by the elite and subelite of both Americo Liberian and indigenous origin and with varying degrees of competence by others.
		Liberian pidgin differs from the Englishbased pidgins of anglophone countries farther east and from the Krio of adjacent Sierra Leone to the west.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/library/report/1985/liberia_2_language_comm.htm (966 words)

	liberian
		Liberians in the U.S. or Europe are no more likely to suffer from endemic West African diseases than anyone else, although there is a high incidence of the sickle-cell gene.
		Condoms are not widely used among Liberians, for reasons of in-country accessibility and/ or widely held popular beliefs, such as that the condom may "slip off" during use and cause internal complications.
		It is unlikely that all Liberian women view measures to prohibit the procedure as "an assault on women." The procedure is painful and there are health risks from infection as well as long-term problems.
	www3.baylor.edu /~Charles_Kemp/liberian.htm (2435 words)

	Manuel Barbera, Corpus based computational linguistic resources. Languages: E-E (§ 3.2). (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The BAF Corpus is a corpus of French - English bi-texts, i.e.
		The bulk of the collection is however English.: there are 42 corpora from normally-developing English-speaking children, 3 corpora which include a complete morphological and part-of-speech analysis (namely: 1, 2, 3), 20 corpora from clinical subjects, 15 corpora from bilingual and second language learning subjects, and more.
		The Kohlapur Corpus of Indian Written English is intended to be comparable to the Brown and the LOB corpora, and so to serve as source material for comparative studies of American, British and Indian English which in its turn is excepted to lead to comprehensive description of Indian English.
	www.bmanuel.org /clr3_ee.html (13135 words)

	Read about American English at WorldVillage Encyclopedia. Research American English and learn about American English ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Southern American English but is now widespread in the Midwest and West as well.
		British English, some of which were made as part of an attempt to rationalize the English spelling used by British English at the time.
		California English has become the de facto standard since the 1960s or 1970s due to its central role in the American entertainment industry; others argue that the entertainment industry, despite being in California, uses Midwestern.
	encyclopedia.worldvillage.com /s/b/American_English (4527 words)

	American English
		American English is the diverse form of the English language used mostly in the United States of America.
		However, it was the British composers Gilbert and Sullivan who felt it necessary to point out that their ideal officer in HMS Pinafore "almost always said 'If you please.'".
		Liberian English is a descendant of American English.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/a/am/american_english.html (2037 words)

	NYU Department of Linguistics: John Victor Singler - Curriculum Vitae
		"An African-American linguistic enclave: The Settler English of Sinoe County, Liberia."
		Basilects, standard, and in between: It's all Liberian, and it's all English.
		The status of word-final consonants in Liberian Settler English.
	www.nyu.edu /gsas/dept/lingu/people/faculty/singler/cv.html (1880 words)

	Manuel Barbera, Corpus based computational linguistic resources. Languages: J-R (§ 3.4). (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Documents written in English of source package of Ngram isn't available yet, but the current release version of Ngram, ngram-0.6.1.tar.gz, is freely downloadable.
		The Korean morphological/lexical analyzer by Seung-Shik Kang (see his homepage in English or in Korean) from Kokmin University is a part of the Hangul Analysis Module (HAM).
		English Penn Treebank, Chinese Treebank and Middle English Treebank.
	www.bmanuel.org /clr3_jr.html (8502 words)

	[No title]
		It is sometimes claimed that certain rural areas in North America speak "Elizabethan English," and there may be some truth to this, but the standard American English of the upper Midwest has a sound profile much closer to
		Canadian raising; it is general in Canadian English, and occurs in some northerly versions of American English as well.
		A key area where American English has grown (on both sides of the Atlantic), is in the world of business and commerce, where use of the rhetorical euphemism is common.
	en-cyclopedia.com /wiki/American_language (2146 words)

	Germanic languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		English has 161 strong verbs; all are of native English origin.
		Modern English adjectives don't change except for comparative and superlative; this was not the case with Old English, where adjectives were inflected differently depending on whether they were preceded by an article or demonstrative, or not.
		Though English has an irregular stress, native words always have a fixed stress regardless of what's added to them.
	www.free-download-soft.com /info/adware-lavasoft-adware-se.html (557 words)

	The Creole Origins of AAVE: Evidence from copula absence
		The second source of diaspora data was Liberian Settler English, the variety spoken by the descendants of African Americans who were transported to Liberia by the American Colonization Society between 1822 and 1910 (Singler 1991a:249-50).
		The third and most recent source of diaspora data is African Nova Scoatian English, the English spoken by the descendants of African Americans who migrated to Nova Scotia, Canada in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries (Poplack and Tagliamonte 1991).
		English in language shiftr: Thehistory, structure and sociolinguistics of Sou; African Indian English.
	www.stanford.edu /~rickford/papers/CreoleOriginsOfAAVE.html (12684 words)

	AIA Poetry: Liberia's Nagbe Thinks Through the Times (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		At that time, Liberians were discovering that they had unlimited resources in their culture, and they put some interesting shows on television.
		One of them was the Malawala Balawala, with heroes from daily life, speaking Liberian English; another was Bendu Sudan, a folk drama modernized here and there, which could have been a masterpiece of the horror genre.
		It occurred to me that I should try to get in touch with the Liberian professor and writer, to express my solidarity and belief in the fact that Liberia has always been and will forever be a great source of inspiration for art in any form.
	poetry.allinfo-about.com /features/nagbe.html (1084 words)

	Project SHINE - Introduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		My class is a very mixed-level class with some learners at a beginning literacy level of English, although at least 2/3 of the class have a verbal understanding of (Liberian) English that matches the level of the health curriculum we have chosen.
		There is a Liberian health educator that works at the Center that is also assiting me, so he is a great help in explaining any unfamiliar vocabulary and cultural differences.
		In that, the vocabulary used is mostly similar to American English, although Liberians often use some words less-used in American English like "vexed" instead of "angry" or "upset." But the sentence structure/grammar used (by most of my students at least) is more like the African dialects, with fewer changes in verb tenses and subject-verb agreement.
	www.projectshine.info /forums/showthread.php?t=5 (539 words)

	International Englishes
		"English and the African Writer." The Political Sociology of the English Language: An African Perspective.
		English in Africa [Journal–Grahamstown, South Africa: Institute for the Study of English in Africa, Rhodes University]
		Ghanaian Pidgin English in Its West African Context: A Sociohistorical and Structural Analysis.
	www.wright.edu /~martin.kich/IntEng/Africa.htm (669 words)

	Liberian Village
		The Lormas of Western Liberian referred to the experience of being initiated in this institution as a "rebirth." Children do not only learn the basics that they need to survive in life, but the values of the society are drilled into them.
		In a land where half of the year is dominated by the raining season, where streams, ponds, and rivers overflow their banks and create massive flooding, these bridges are needed for the people to carry on a normal life in the rural ennvironment.
		The station began transmitting news since July 15, 1997 on FM 104 MHz in English, Liberian English, French, Bassa, Dey, Gbande, Gola, Grebo, Lorma, Kissi, Kpelle, Khran, Kru, Mandingo, Mano, and Vai.
	home1.gte.net /jkesst/Village.htm (1170 words)

	Liberia
		This division within the Liberian society was a major cause of the military coup in 1980, which was directed against the ruling class of the Americo-Liberians.
		Linguistically, Liberia stands out from the other anglophone countries in Africa in that it is the only fl African state where English is spoken as a mother tongue by a major part of the population (by 20 %, according to US.G.CIA 1999d, online).
		English is the official language of Liberia, and because of the country’s history and political ties to the US, it is modeled on American English, and not, as originally was the case in the other English-speaking countries, on English English.
	www2.rz.hu-berlin.de /angl/WAfr/intro/liberia.html (450 words)

	Ethnologue: Liberia
		ENGLISH [ENG] 69,000 or 2.5% of the population are Americo-Liberian (1993); 470,000,000 in all countries (1995 WA).
		The government broadcasts news and public service announcements in Liberian English because many people do not understand Standard English (N. Lightfoot 1989).
		An indigenous Liberian language related to Maninka, but distinct.
	www.christusrex.org /www1/pater/ethno/Libe.html (1159 words)

	Table of contents for Library of Congress control number 89078085 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The politics of the English language in Kenya and Tanzania Musimbi R. Kanyoro 28.
		The sociolinguistics of prepositional usage in Nigerian English Munzali Jibril 36.
		Social and linguistic constraints on plural marking in Liberian English John Victor Singlar 37.
	www.loc.gov /catdir/toc/cam023/89078085.html (512 words)

	Culturalpartnerships.org - Yam Yam Sae (I Have Nobody)
		In order to represent this diversity, Hawa has chosen songs in Vai, her language, as well as in Bassa, Kpelle, Gio, Kru, English, and Liberian English - a combination of standard English and indigenous Liberian languages.
		Many of these songs, particularly Hawa's originals, have appeared on her earlier Liberian recordings as lively dance music with large backup bands.
		On this recording, a more open acoustic sound allows for a focus on Hawa's voice and on the melodic and rhythmic elements of the music.
	www.culturalpartnerships.org /ontour/yamyamsea.asp (151 words)

	Amazon.com: African-American English: Structure, History, and Usage: Books: Salikoko S. Mufwene,John Rickford,Guy ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The book examines the linguistics features of African American English (AAE), as well as the sociological, political and educational issues connected with it.
		Speakers of other English dialects sometimes view the sentence structure of African-American vernacular English (AAVE) as distinct from the many varieties of English spoken in the United States and elsewhere.
		The Cambridge History of the English Language (The Cambridge History of the English Language) by John Algeo in Front Matter, page 290, and page 329
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/041511733X?v=glance (926 words)

	Warren d'Azevedo Peace Corps Records Collection 93-40
		This subgroup is divided into three series: administration of the Liberian program, volunteers, and curriculum materials.
		There is an important group of records documenting the establishment of the Liberian teacher training program.
		I/3/1 "Some Liberian English Usages" by William Welmers and Warren d'Azevedo.
	www.library.unr.edu /specoll/mss/93-40.html (878 words)

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