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Topic: Libertarian Municipalism

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	Libertarian Municipalism
		Libertarian municipalism, by contrast, is an effort to transform and democratize city governments, to root them in popular assemblies, to knit them together along confederal lines, to appropriate a regional economy along confederal and municipal lines.
		Libertarian municipalism is formed by its struggle with the State, strengthened by this struggle, indeed, defined by this struggle.
		Libertarian municipalism proposes that land and enterprises be placed increasingly in the custody of the community--more precisely, the custody of citizens in free assemblies and their deputies in confederal councils.
	dwardmac.pitzer.edu /Anarchist_Archives/bookchin/libmuni.html (8977 words)

	Anarchist and Radical Texts/Municipal Dreams (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		After he lists the various social dimensions of the municipality, and as the implications of his argument begin to dawn on him, he protests rather feebly that all this "does not efface its distinctiveness as a unique sphere of life." [69] But that, of course, was not the point in dispute.
		If the theory of libertarian municipalism is to inspire the necessary experiments, municipalists must at least suggest possible answers that might convince members of their own and other communities that the theory offers a workable future, or at least they must suggest what it might mean to try to answer such questions.
		Libertarian municipalism is steadfastly against delegation by assemblies of policy-making authority, so all collective activity must presumably depend on consensus of assemblies, as expressed in the "administrative councils." If there is a majority vote on policy issues, then this would mean that policy would indeed be made a the confederal level.
	library.nothingness.org /articles/anar/en/display_printable/301 (16825 words)

	Murray Bookchin - Libertarian Municipalism: An Overview
		Libertarian municipalism is premised on the struggle to achieve a rational and ecological society, a struggle that depends on education and organization.
		Libertarian municipalism adds a radically democratic dimension to the contemporary discussions of confederation (as, for example, in Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia) by calling for confederations not of nation-states but of municipalities and of the neighborhoods of giant megalopolitan areas as well as towns and villages.
		Libertarian municipalism is a politics that can excite the public imagination, appropriate for a movement that is direly in need of a sense of direction and purpose.
	www.democracynature.org /dn/vol1/bookchin_libertarian.htm (4229 words)

	Municipalization: Community Ownership of the Economy \| libcom.org
		Libertarian municipalism scores a significant advance over all of these conceptions by calling for the municipalization of the economyâ€”and its management by the community as part of a politics of public self management.
		So conceived, the municipalization of the economy must be distinguished from "nationalization" and "collectivization"â€”the former leading to bureaucratic and top-down control, the latter to the likely emergence of a privatized economy in a collectivized form and the perpetuation of class or caste identities.
		Municipalization, in effect, brings the economy from a private or separate sphere into the public sphere where economic policy is formulated by the entire communityâ€”notably, its citizens in face-to-face relationships working to achieve a general "interest" that surmounts separate, vocationally defined specific interests.
	libcom.org /library/municipalization-murray-bookchin (2015 words)

	chaia heller \| libertarian municipalism
		Libertarian Municipalism is an attempt to formulize that vision of a directly democratic society without turning it into a recipe or blueprint or how do manual, which is I think a very dangerous thing and would drain all the poetry from the vision.
		The vision of Libertarian Municipalism is intentionally vague a bit in general, because it believes that people themselves in movements have to struggle how to particularize their general principles of non-hierarchy, cooperation, direct democracy, social justice and ecology.
		The idea of Libertarian Municipalism is, that through the principle of direct participation or the principle of self-determination, we have this notion of people govern themselves, direct democracy, and how this is different than a representative democracy that you find in a republican democracy that dominates much of the modern world.
	republicart.net /disc/aeas/heller01_en.htm (3648 words)

	GREEN PERSPECTIVES
		In these respects, libertarian municipalism is not merely a "political strategy." It is an effort to work from latent or incipient democratic possibilities toward a radically new configuration of society itself-a communitarian society oriented toward meeting human needs, responding to ecological imperatives, and developing a new ethics based on sharing and cooperation.
		Libertarian municipalism proposes a radically different form of economy one that is neither nationalized nor collectivized according to syndicalist precepts.
		These adherents or opponents of libertarian municipalism, in effect, look at the civic structures that exist before their eyes now and essentially (all rhetoric to the contrary aside) take them as they exist.
	www.athene.antenna.nl /MEDIATHEEK/BOOKCHI-2.html (3996 words)

	Yelah.net - Libertarian Municipalism - The New Municipal Agenda
		Suffice it to say that as a perspective, libertarian municipalism is meant to be an ever-developing, creative, and reconstructive agenda as well as an alternative to the centralized nation-state and to an economy based on profit, competition, and mindless growth.
		Put bluntly and clearly, the municipality would become a theater in which life in its most meaningful public form is the plot, a political drama whose grandeur imparts nobility and grandeur to the citizenry that forms the cast.
		Libertarian municipalism proposes that land and enterprises be placed increasingly in the custody of the community -- more precisely, the custody of citizens in free assemblies and their deputies in confederal councils...
	www.yelah.net /articles/mblibmun/xml (8967 words)

	Radical Cities & Social Revolution: An Interview with Janet Biehl (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		However, your emphasis on the conflict between the municipality and the state (as opposed to the conflict between labor and capital) is a departure from several dominant tendencies in the anarchist tradition.
		Libertarian municipalism is an effort to make class conflict a civic issue as well as an industrial one.
		One of the fundamentals of social ecology, of which libertarian municipalism is the political dimension, is a condemnation of all kinds of social hierarchy and class rule and a call for their dissolution.
	perspectives.anarchist-studies.org /3biehlinterview.htm (3024 words)

	Conference on Libertarian Municipalism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Libertarian municipalism is concerned with the political sphere, including aspects of basic civic importance, such as the economic.
		Libertarian municipalism takes its immediate point of departure from the existing facts of urban life, many of which are beyond the comprehension of its residents.
		Libertarian municipalism, I should emphasize here, is not an attempt to overlook or evade the reality of class conflict; on the contrary, it attempts, among other things, to give due recognition to the class struggle's civic dimension.
	www.galeon.com /ateneosant/Ateneo/Textos/txi-libmun.htm (6255 words)

	Beyond Libertarian Municipalism
		Libertarian municipalism is a purely political approach which subordinates all social activity other than political organizing, such as kinship, culture and economics — to the "political realm," relegating the non-"political" to something he calls the "social realm" (as if politics is not a social undertaking).
		"Libertarian municipalism," Biehl writes, "is the name of a process that seeks to recreate and expand the democratic political realm as the realm of community self-management." Thus, the focus of organizing is the community, which formally defined according to proximity becomes a municipality.
		Libertarian municipalism, then, is about transforming the polity to be based on local, participatory, direct democracy, where citizens have control over their poltical affairs, instead of deferring their authority to so-called representatives and bureaucrats.
	www.zmag.org /ParEcon/writings/brian_libmun.htm (5583 words)

	Libertarian Municipalism: The New Municipal Agenda
		Libertarian municipalism proposes that land and enterprises be placed increasingly in the custody of the community -more precisely, the custody of citizens in free assemblies and their deputies in confederal councils.
		By contrast, municipalization would bring the economy as a whole into the orbit of the public sphere, where economic policy could be formulated by the entire community - notably its citizens in face-to-face relationships working to achieve a general interest that surmounts separate, vocationally defined specific interests.
		The municipalization of the economy would not only absorb the vocational differences that could militate against a publicly controlled economy; it would also absorb the material means of life into communal forms of distribution.
	www.athene.antenna.nl /MEDIATHEEK/BOOKCHI-3.html (9242 words)

	Social Anarchism/The Politics of Social Ecology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Libertarian municipalism is essentially anarchist in its principles, drawing on anarchist conceptions of direct democracy but also upon traditions and historical examples not often considered by other anarchists (although some readers will be reminded of Kropotkin's Mutual Aid).
		By contrast, libertarian municipalism has a clear program for displacing the state, a more indistinct program for displacing capitalism, and almost no contribution to make to the fight against other forms of domination.
		It would seem that libertarian municipalism has nothing to learn from contemporary left-wing thought and is content to put forward what amounts to a 19th century program of reclaiming the public sphere from the state.
	library.nothingness.org /articles/SA/en/display/258 (944 words)

	Participatory Economics
		I bet that most libertarian municipalists instead have an intuitive feeling that folks in the Joe Hill municipality should have more say over political choices inside their community than people from outside it, and should have this greater say roughly in proportion as they are more affected by the choices.
		Nor should a single municipality determine all policies for an institution located in it but which impact people far and wide…because that would violate the right of those distant people to have a fair share of impact on what is affecting them.
		Libertarian municipalism wants economic decisions to be made socially with actors guided by sensible and solidaritous concerns.
	www.zmag.org /lm.htm (3895 words)

	Institute for Social Ecology - The Politics of Social Ecology: Libertarian Municipalism
		Libertarian municipalism, the political dimension of social ecology that was developed by Murray Bookchin, is the most recent manifestation of this grand tradition.
		Libertarian municipalism stands in the tradition of "civic humanism," which places the highest value on the active, responsible participation of citizens in the management of their common affairs.
		Through the municipalization of the economy, citizens in assemblies would ultimately expropriate the riches of the possessing classes and place them in the hands of the community, so that it can be used for the benefit of all.
	www.social-ecology.org /article.php?story=20031028143324193 (9253 words)

	Murray Bookchin - Comments on the "Deep Social Ecology" of John Clark
		The central component of Clark's dispute with me is his objection to libertarian municipalism, a view that I have long argued constitutes the politics of social ecology, notably a revolutionary effort in which freedom is given institutional form in public assemblies that become decision-making bodies.
		In the context of libertarian municipalism, its significance is to provide us with evidence that a people, for a time, could quite self-consciously establish and maintain a direct democracy, despite the existence of slavery, patriarchy, economic and class inequalities, agonistic behavior, and even imperialism, which existed throughout the ancient Mediterranean world.
		Libertarian municipalism, despite its emphasis on paideia, is indifferent to the need for new sensibilities, politics, and values, Clark implies, and to help us along, he invokes Cornelius Castoriadis's notion of the "social imaginary," without which, he says, "it is impossible [!] to comprehend the power of the dominant culture over the individual" (p.
	www.democracynature.org /dn/vol3/bookchin_comments.htm (12247 words)

	Libertarian Municipalism and the Radical Program
		The municipalities themselves are to be transformed into direct democracies that politically structure itself around citizens’ forums that have the power to make general decisions about public welfare and social development.
		By recognizing the municipality as the prime arena for politics and citizenship, libertarian municipalism encourage participation in local public life – in order to remake and vitalize its forums, assemblies, comittees and councils – including vigorous use of elections to present and fight for communalist ideas.
		Left libertarians should not let go of this opportunity to create a meaningful new politics, and fill the vacuum created by the demise of the old Left.”Another world is possible” it is often pronounced in the new movements.
	www.communalism.org /Archive/7/lmrp.html (3807 words)

	Summarizing Participatory Economics For purposes of exploration and debate with Libertarian Municipalism
		I continue to think that parecon and social ecology's political theory of libertarian municipalism complement one another in a number of significant ways.
		In Albert's summary, the five essential elements of parecon are: "workplace and consumer councils, self managing decision making procedures, remuneration for effort and sacrifice, balanced job complexes, and participatory planning." Many social ecologists agree with several of these points (such as balanced job complexes) while rejecting others (such as remuneration for effort).
		If the history of experiments in libertarian communism is a reliable indicator, then the honest answer is: probably, but it depends on the institutional and ethical context.
	www.zmag.org /reply1staudalb.htm (1645 words)

	all4all.org \| Critique of Libertarian Municipalism: Albert
		In The Politics of Social Ecology (Black Rose, 1998), Janet Biehl and Murray Bookchin report that libertarian municipalism aims to "construct and expand local direct democracy, such that ordinary citizens make decisions for their communities and for their society as a wholec through face-to-face processes of deliberation and decision-making."
		Is the transfer to libertarian municipalism one that leaves what's called the permanent government basically intact, altering only the voting actors from being a relative few representatives to being whole assemblies of citizens?
		Nor should a single municipality determine all policies for an institution located in it but which impact people far and widecbecause that would violate the right of those distant people to have a fair share of impact on what is affecting them.
	www.all4all.org /2002/08/245.shtml (3895 words)

	Libertarian socialism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The word stems from the French word libertaire (synonymous to "anarchist"), and was used in order to evade the ban on anarchist publications, which were banned by law in France.
		They believe that when power is exercised, as exemplified by the social or physical dominance of one individual over another, the burden of proof is on the dominating agent to demonstrate that the predictacle consequences of such actions are likely to result in moral and empowering outcomes for all parties.
		Libertarian socialists typically oppose rigid and stratified structures of authority, be it political, economic, or social, insofar as they generate or reinforce class divisions based on property or social status, and inasmuch as they are judged obstacles to the generalized fostering of capabilities for self-management.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Libertarian_socialism (4818 words)

	The Politics of Social Ecology: Libertarian Municipalism:Biehl, Janet:1551641003:eCampus.com
		A close student of the European enlightenment, he is best known for introducing the idea of ecology to the political left, and for first positing that a liberatory society would also have to be an ecological society.
		Over the course of several decades, "libertarian municipalism", the political dimension of the broader body of ideas known as social ecology, was developed by this world famous social theorist.
		In addition to laying out the basic components of libertarian municipalism's political ideas (ideas of how to create free cities), it sketches the historical and philosophical context in which Bookchin grounds them and provides substantial material on the practical questions of creating and organizing a new municipal movement toward such democratic cities.
	www.ecampus.com /bk_detail.asp?isbn=1551641003 (218 words)

	The Politics of Social Ecology: Libertarian Municipalism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Best known for introducing the idea of ecology to the left, and for first positing that a liberatory society would also have to be an ecological society, Murray Bookchin, over the course of several decades, developed the basic components of "libertarian municipalism" - how to create free cities.
		Written in short, to-the-point chapters, this book presents an introductory overview and sketches the historical and philosophical context in which these ideas are grounded.
		Substantial material on the practical question of creating and organizing a new municipal movement toward such democratic cities is included.
	www.zooscape.com /cgi-bin/maitred/WhitePulp/isbn1551641003 (190 words)

	EDITORIAL BOARD RESPONSE
		I am fully aware, of course, that Society/Democracy and Nature is a ‘political ecology’ periodical, hence a forum for diverse ideas—and not a social ecology periodical.” And indeed, it is true that Society and Nature was envisaged from the beginning as a radical forum.
		Similarly, those parts of the Castoriadian ‘project of autonomy’ which were compatible with the development of the journal’s project (especially its emphasis on the importance of a non–objective, and thus open to democratic dialogue, philosophical foundation for the liberatory project) were also just another component of the synthesis.
		I think this is the only fruitful way to avoid justifiable charges against libertarian municipalism like the ones raised by Noam Chomsky (“I can’t spend my time arguing about things that seem to be hopelessly abstracted from human existence, now or in the foreseeable future”—Social Anarchism, No. 20/1995).
	www.democracynature.org /dn/vol3/editorial_response.htm (1406 words)

	ADVISORY BOARD RESIGNATION LETTER
		But I was more than willing to live with these differences in view of our shared support for libertarian municipalism, reinforced by our mutual regard and friendship.
		Implicit in this friendship was, as I supposed, a tacit understanding that we would not aggravate our differences by extensively focusing on them--especially our differences over what Takis calls methodology; Castoriadian "imaginaries"; autonomy versus freedom; the objective basis of ethics; the nature of historical development; and the like.
		Very disturbingly, Takis and I have even drifted apart on the issue that long held us together, libertarian municipalism.
	www.democracynature.org /dn/vol3/biehl_bookchin.htm (931 words)

	Amazon.com: The Politics of Social Ecology: Libertarian Municipalism: Books: Janet Biehl,Murray Bookchin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Amazon.com: The Politics of Social Ecology: Libertarian Municipalism: Books: Janet Biehl,Murray Bookchin
		by Janet Biehl (Author), Murray Bookchin (Author) "Libertarian municipalism is one of many political theories that concern themselves with the principles and practices of democracy..." (more)
		Libertarian municipalism is one of many political theories that concern themselves with the principles and practices of democracy.
	www.amazon.com /Politics-Social-Ecology-Libertarian-Municipalism/dp/1551641003 (489 words)

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