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	Liburnians Information
		Liburnians were conquered by Romans by 35 BC and their land was incorporated into Dalmatia province.
		The Liburnians were renowned seafarers, notorious for their raids in the Adriatic sea, which they conducted in their swift galleys.
		A liburnian warship, known as a liburnidas to the Greeks and a liburna to the Romans, was propelled by oars; it was a smaller version of a trireme, but faster, lighter, and more agile.
	www.bookrags.com /Liburnian (555 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Liburnians
		Liburnians constructed different ship types; their galaia was an early prototype of transport galleys, lembus was a fishing ship continued by the actual Croatian levut, and a drakoforos with dragonheads was the desant ship reminding of Nordic drakkars.
		Another liburnian warship, known as a libyrnidas to the Greeks and a liburna to the Romans, was propelled by oars; it was a smaller version of a trireme, but faster, lighter, and more agile.
		A Liburnian technical detail up today participating in modern global civilization is the well known safety-pin: early Liburnians invented them yet before 3 millenia ago, and they widely used them in clothing technique (instead of buttons); the larger safety-pins with different pendants indicating the social status of bearer, they often applied as decorative fibulas.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Liburnian (1041 words)

	SEMINAR REPORTS 1998 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The liburnian ('liburnidas') was a type of lembos (type of warship); it was a single-banked galley.
		Originally the liburnian was used for raiding by the 'Liburni', a tribe of seafarers and pirates who invented it.
		In later Roman times, the liburnian was a different craft altogether, but the Romans retained the same name as the new craft was also intended for war purposes.
	cma.soton.ac.uk /HistShip/rep111.htm (634 words)

	Liburnians (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		In the past Pag was inhabited by the Illyrian tribe called Liburnians (the ruins of a fort and a necropolis near Kolan, in Mihovilje near Novalja, in Dabor and Vidasov Kant); fields with tumuli from the Bronze Age lie between Kosljun...
		244 to surpass the innermost kingdom of the Liburnians and the source of the Timavus, 245 whence through nine mouths with the vast rumbling of a mountain 246 it goes, a furious sea, and overwhelms the fields with a roaring flood.
		Summary: In later Roman times, the liburnian was a different craft altogether, but the Romans retained the same name as the new craft was also intended for war purposes.
	mortgage-refinance.rubylq2.com /Liburnians (1493 words)

	Liburnian language - Toseeka Search Results
		The Liburnian language is now an extinct language which was spoken by the ancient Liburnians, who occupied Liburnia (northeastern Adriatic) in classical and early medieval times.
		The Liburnian language is reckoned as an old Indo-European language, in the Centum group.
		The ancient Liburnian traditions now are nearly unknown, and the subsequent literacy of medieval Neo-Liburnians in northern Adriatic is partly known including also some earlier themes apparently inherited from their ancient ancestors.
	www.toseeka.com /subject/Liburnian+language (1745 words)

	World Championship (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The first traces of human life in the Benkovac area were found around the village of Smilčić that belonged to the Danilo culture.
		Before Roman conquest the area was inhabited by the Illyrian tribe of Liburnians.
		During the Roman Civil war the Liburnians sided Caesar.
	www.world-championships-croatia-2006.com /benkovac.htm (214 words)

	The Dispatch - Serving the Lexington, NC - News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Light Roman triremes supplanted the liburnians in the late Roman navy.
		With the rise of Rome the biggest fleet of quinquiremes temporarily ruled the Mediterranean, but during the civil wars after Caesar's death the fleet was on the wrong side and a new warfare with light liburnians was developed.
		But instead of the successful liburnians of the civil war, it was again centered around light triremes, but still with many marines.
	www.the-dispatch.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Trireme (2338 words)

	row2k features: Mare Nostrum - Rowing Under the Romans
		The liburnian was a borrowed design which had originated along the Dalmatian coast (roughly modern Croatia).
		Half the beam of a trireme, it had almost the same number of oars, and was considerably faster.
		Liburnians became the shipkillers in the battle line.
	www.row2k.com /features/print_feature.cfm?id=44&type=Column (790 words)

	Gutenkarte » History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empir... » Ravenna (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Augustus himself, in the victory of Actium, had seen the superiority of his own light frigates (they were called Liburnians) over the lofty but unwieldy castles of his rival.
		^67 Of these Liburnians he composed the two fleets of Ravenna and Misenum, destined to command, the one the eastern, the other the western division of the Mediterranean; and to each of the squadrons he attached a body of several thousand marines.
		Besides these two ports, which may be considered as the principal seats of the Roman navy, a very considerable force was stationed at Frejus, on the coast of Provence, and the Euxine was guarded by forty ships, and three thousand soldiers.
	gutenkarte.org /place/731/14983 (1681 words)

	Wikinfo \| Liburnian
		A liburnian was a smaller version of a trireme, but faster, lighter, and more agile.
		The liburnian was a key part of Rome's navy.
		Images, some of which are used under the doctrine of Fair use or used with permission, may not be available.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Liburnian (102 words)

	VRSAR, ORSERA - ISTRA CROATIA
		Besides with agriculture and cattle raising, the Histris and the Liburnians were occupied with maritime trade.
		On the hills of the peninsula the Histris and the Liburnians built fortified settlements.
		The Histris and the Liburnians were notorious as dangerous pirates.
	www.istra.com /Vrsar/povijest_pregled.asp?j=eng&meni=povijest (2390 words)

	History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire — Volume 5 eBook
		A long sea-coast, indented with capacious harbors, covered with a string of islands, and almost in sight of the Italian shores, disposed both the natives and strangers to the practice of navigation.
		The boats or brigantines of the Croats were constructed after the fashion of the old Liburnians: one hundred and eighty vessels may excite the idea of a respectable navy; but our seamen will smile at the allowance of ten, or twenty, or forty, men for each of these ships of war.
		They were gradually converted to the more honorable service of commerce; yet the Sclavonian pirates were still frequent and dangerous; and it was not before the close of the tenth century that the freedom and sovereignty of the Gulf were effectually vindicated by the Venetian republic.
	www.bookrags.com /ebooks/735/345.html (487 words)

	Military history of Slovenia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		However, the Liburnians, previous settlers of the area around Venice, controlled Slovenia.
		The Dalmatae, assisted by other seceding Illyrian tribes, repelled the Liburnians from Istria in the first century BC.
		The Liburnians, under pressure by the Dalmatae and Greeks, were annexed by the Roman Empire in 35 BC.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Military_history_of_Slovenia (168 words)

	GRANDE MUNUS
		He was recalled a short time later, and his efforts produced a change of heart in the prince and an understanding that he should return to a new purity of life.
		It is remarkable that Methodius' vigilant love had crossed the borders of Moravia and reached the Liburnians and Serbs, since he was Cyril's successor.
		The Dalmatians and the Liburnians received singular favor because of the constancy of their faith and their changing duties.
	www.papalencyclicals.net /Leo13/l13cym.htm (3052 words)

	Rotary Club Zadar - Croatia
		It seemes that as far back as the Liburnians it was known that this was a place out of the reach of the a north-easterly winds.
		From Liburnian and predominantly Roman city to a totally Croat town, from the most powerfull city on the eastern coast of the Adriatic to only the third in size, there has been a tangled journey, full of loses and desasters.
		But what has remained a constant, on which the city has allways built its power to renew itself, is its acceptionally favourable position on the coast and its being, spritually and physically, a part of the Mediterranean ethos.
	www.rotary-zadar.hr /en/zadar.html (1142 words)

	Kalelarga.com
		From the 4th century BC what was then Jadera was a strong Liburnian maritime center with good trading links with Greece, both with the metropolises and with Greek colonies on Sicily.
		Of all Illyrian settlements on the eastern Adriatic coast, Zadar was the first to be attacked by the Romans.
		At first the Liburnians & Romans were allies in the struggle against the southern Delmats, but in the 2nd century BC the Romans conquered the Liburnians.
	www.kalelarga.com /facts/history.html (336 words)

	myCroatia \| Zadar \| Croatian turist travel information Zadar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		On the Forum square is the low, modern building of the Archeological Museum, featuring artefacts from Zadar's development from Prehistoric times through to the first Croatian settlements.
		For a chronological tour, it makes sense to go directly to the prehistoric exhibition on the second floor, which covers decorative ceramics, weaponry and items the seafaring Liburnians brought from Greece and Italy.
		The first floor covers the Classical period, from the Romanised Liburnians (1st century BC) to the widescale Roman settlement (6th century AD).
	www.mycroatia.com /site/en/dubrovnik/zadar2.html (1257 words)

	Zaton (Zadar) Croatia Apartments Zaton (Zadar)in Croatia
		Zaton is located on the local road, a branch of the regional road Zadar - Nin.
		In the prehistoric times, this was a region of Illyrian Liburnians (stylized female figures).
		The remains of Roman structures have been found in the village, as well as the remains of the Roman port belonging to Aenona (Nin) and the remains of the early Christian church of St. Andrew with three apses.
	apartments-croatia.info /169/zaton_en.htm (347 words)

	Marko Marelic, Dawn of recorded history
		The seat of the Ardians was near Boka Kotorska, which we know as Cattaro Bay, and their country extended south and east of that bay.
		Along the sea coast to the north lived the Liburnians, a tribe known for daring in navigation.
		As the Illyrians became well established on the mainland and the sea coast, the Doric Greek colonizers spread from the island of Corcyra (Corfu) along the Albanian coast to the head of the Adriatic.
	www.korcula.net /history/mmarelic/dawnofrh.htm (3858 words)

	Pannonia > Dalmatia > Issa
		The Illyrians held the islands from Krk in the north to Vis in the south and the tribe of Liburnians occupied the islands and controlled the anchors around them.
		Helens mention the Adriatic Seas in 7th century BC on their way along the Italian Peninsula that Liburnians were still dominating it.
		Their economic prosperity was also due to the downfall of rival Pharos' state on Hvar and Illyrians total defeat during the 2nd century BC too.
	www.ancientworlds.net /aw/Post/245677 (1277 words)

	SVIBOR - Project code: 6-02-090
		The maritime supremacy of the Liburnians and Ardiaeans.
		The relations of Issa and Pharos with the coast and the native population.
		Research goals: The aim of the project is to get new knowledge about the biginnings of the historical processes on our coast and the relations of the native population with the newly arrived Greeks and later Romans what includes the fightings as the coexistence.
	www.mzos.hr /svibor/6/02/090/proj_e.htm (205 words)

	History and culture
		The natural particularities and the exceptionally favourable geographical position for traffic between Middle Europe and the Mediterranean have brought about an early settlement of these regions.
		That has been confirmed also by the discovered remains of numerous settlements of the prehistoric inhabitants, Liburnians.
		In antique times a diverging road of an imp ortant Roman road leading from Italy to Dalmatia spread along the seaside.
	www.apartman-online.com /crikvenica-online/eng/History_and_culture/history_and_culture.html (507 words)

	dromonship.htm
		The Roman trireme, together with the Liburnian, dominated the Mediterranean until the last stages of the Roman Empire but the continuing trend was for Roman ships, both galleys and cargo ships, to become lighter.
		In 323 AD the Emperor Constantine defeated a fleet of 350 triremes of the Eastern Emperor Licinius with a fleet of 200 liburnians, smaller and lighter than Roman triremes.
		The fifth century historian Zozimus identified Constantine's Liburnians as triacontors, descendants of the thirty oared open galleys of the early first millenium Greeks, though Morrison suggests that he actually means pentecontors, which in turn means Liburnians.
	www.dromon.com /docus/stories/dromonship.htm (1206 words)

	VRBNIK - HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT
		Later on they were pushed by the Liburnians, who occupied the entire present Croatian coast.
		The Liburnians remained on the island of Krk and Vrbnik, as independent rulers until the beginning of the century, when they were conquered by the Romans.
		Although the Ilyrians conserved their language and customs in their private life, their assimilation with the way of life of Roman empire cause them to slowly become lost as people.
	ineco.posluh.hr /pgz/vrbnik/ev2.htm (400 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		319) mentions these galleys by the name of 'Liburnians', and observes that they were as swift (without explaining the difference between them) as the vessels with fifty oars; but that they were far inferior in speed to the 'triremes', which had been long disused.
		Yet he reasonably concludes, from the testimony of Polybius, that galleys of a still larger size had been constructed in the Punic wars.
		Since the establishment of the Roman empire over the Mediterranean, the useless art of building large ships of war had probably been neglected, and at length forgotten.
	matrix.csustan.edu /XLib/History/Decline/volume1/nt32/037.htm (94 words)

	Liburnians * People, Places, & Things * Greek Mythology: From the Iliad to the Fall of the Last Tyrant
		Liburnians * People, Places, and Things * Greek Mythology: From the Iliad to the Fall of the Last Tyrant
		The people who lived on the Liburnian Islands in the east-central Adriatic Sea.
		Cut and paste the following text for use in a paper or electronic document report.
	www.messagenet.com /myths/ppt/Liburnians_1.html (188 words)

	Actium - The Setting
		The primary tactic of Roman naval battles was to maneuver into position to ram and sink an opponent's ship.
		Since the quinqueremes could not maneuver quickly enough to ram the faster Liburnian ships and the Liburnians could not do much damage even if they did ram the plated quinqueremes the battle progressed slowly, with Octavian gaining the upper hand.
		We are not sure exactly what happened, but Roman writers tell us that Cleopatra and some of her ships fled the battle, followed soon after by Antony and some of his ships.
	www.vizin.org /projects/actium/html/actiumsetting.htm (544 words)

	eHistory.com: The Battle of Actium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Exactly when Cleopatra and her ships (which made up a large number of the fleet) were to leave and whether or not Antony planned to go with them is a matter of debate to this day.
		At the time the primary nature of Roman naval battles was to maneuver into position to ram the opponent and thus sink their ship.
		Since the quinqueremes couldn't maneuver quick enough to ram the faster Liburnian ships and the Liburnians couldn't do much damage even if they did ram the plated quinqueremes the battle progressed more as a land battle than a standard sea battle.
	ehistory.osu.edu /world/articles/ArticleView.cfm?AID=16 (1070 words)

	Appian's History of Rome: The Illyrian Wars
		Others which had revolted, the Meliteni and the Corcyreans, who inhabited islands and practiced piracy, he destroyed utterly, putting the young men to death and selling the rest as slaves.
		He deprived the Liburnians of their ships because they also practiced piracy.
		The Moentini and the Avendeatae, two tribes of the Iapydes, dwelling within the Alps, surrendered themselves to him at his approach.
	www.livius.org /ap-ark/appian/appian_illyrian_4.html (1149 words)

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