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	Navy
		In 1972 a British naval advisory mission that had assisted in the development of the Libyan navy since its founding was terminated.
		As of early 1987, the Libyan navy had faced no hostile actions except for the encounter with the American fleet in March 1986 in which one missile boat and a corvette were destroyed and others possibly damaged.
		Earlier, it was reported that the small Libyan vessels were experiencing difficulty in obeying Qadhafi's order to remain at sea to avoid the risk of being bombed in port by American planes.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/world/libya/navy.htm (688 words)

	The Grumman F-14 Tomcat
		The US Navy performed yet another provocation exercise in the Gulf of Sidra in early 1989, and on 4 January 1989 two Tomcats from the USS JOHN F. KENNEDY (JFK) were on combat patrol when they were confronted by two Libyan MiG-23 fighters.
		Of course a Red Navy cruiser had been shadowing the American carrier group and presumably the Soviet sailors didn't fail to notice the bungle, and so the Navy performed an expensive eight-week deep-water recovery effort to retrieve the fighter.
		The Navy didn't give up on the idea of a Tomcat with a more satisfactory engine, and in the early 1980s the service selected a variant of the GE F101 turbofan, developed for the Rockwell B-1 bomber, for evaluation on the Tomcat.
	www.faqs.org /docs/air/avtomcat.html (8257 words)

	El Dorado Canyon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The Libyan leader had warned foreign vessels that the Gulf belonged to Libya and was not international waters.
		Navy aircraft also were to provide air defense suppression for both phases of the operation.
		On the Navy side, the Sixth Fleet was to attack with the forces arrayed on two carriers.
	www.afa.org /magazine/march1999/0399canyon.asp (3463 words)

	AllRefer.com - Libya - The Navy \| Libyan Information Resource
		The navy has always been the stepchild of the Libyan armed forces, although its Soviet-supplied submarines and fast-attack craft with missiles have endowed it with the potential for inflicting damage on other naval powers in the Mediterranean.
		The navy consisted of no more than 200 officers and men when the first warship was delivered to the Idris regime in 1966.
		Traditionally, the navy's primary mission has been to defend the coast and to assist the other services in maintaining internal security and public order.
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/libya/libya144.html (827 words)

	Libya: News and Views
		Libyan leader Mu'ammar al-Qadhafi is urging Africans to drive white people out of the continent and make them pay compensation for their exploitation of it.
		Libyan radio says the whole country is in mourning for the fifteenth anniversary of the American bombing of Tripoli Sunday.
		Libyan television said Mandela told Qadhafi he would pursue "efforts to make other parties concerned with Lockerbie fulfill their pledges." It showed footage of Qadhafi greeting Mandela outside a tent in the garden of his official residence in Tripoli before they held talks in the tent.
	www.libyanet.com /0401nwsc.htm (5762 words)

	The Grumman F-14 Tomcat (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The project was assigned high priority; the Navy was worried about new Soviet threat aircraft like the MiG-25 Foxbat, and the decade of delays in fielding an improved fighter that had piled up from the cancelled Missileer and F-111B programs left the admirals very worried.
		The US Navy performed yet another "freedom of navigation" exercise in the Gulf of Sidra in early 1989, and on 4 January 1989 two Tomcats from the USS JOHN F. KENNEDY (JFK) were on combat patrol when they were confronted by two Libyan MiG-23 fighters.
		It was the Tomcat's fortune (or misfortune) to go into service in the role of defending Navy fleet elements at a time when threats to US ships in the open ocean sea were on the decline, and so during that era the Tomcat didn't really see a great deal of shooting action.
	www.vectorsite.net /avtomcat.html (8082 words)

	Boycott USA - US crimes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Navy jets from the U.S. Sixth Fleet had repeatedly violated Libyan airspace while Navy ships violated Libyan territorial waters in bullying attempts to provoke a reaction.
		One of the plans called for sprinkling a special poison into his food that would weaken his immune system, causing a gradual death with symptoms that would not be immediately recognized.
		March 25, 1986 — U.S. Navy warplanes from the Sixth Fleet bombed Libyan civilian targets in the Gulf of Sirte.
	www.boycottusa.org /usa_crimes_libya.htm (606 words)

	Military Procurement
		The Libyans therefore cancelled the treaty with Britain and, in March 1970, the British evacuated their bases near Tobruk and Benghazi.
		Because of Libya's forcing the evacuation from Libya of British and United States military personnel in 1970, the Libyans were rebuffed in a renewed effort to obtain military equipment from the West, except for limited British help with the developing navy.
		The massive Libyan purchases brought the Soviet Union economic gains and enabled the Soviets to extend their strategic influence farther into the Mediterranean while appearing to reward the antiimperialist and Arab unity stance of the Libyan regime.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/world/libya/procurement.htm (2195 words)

	Navy League of the United States - Citizens in Support of the Sea Services
		The purpose of the attack was to deliver a punitive warning to Col. Muammar al-Qaddafi, the Libyan strongman whose radical government seemed dedicated to destroying all Western influences not only in Libya but elsewhere throughout the Islam world.
		On 24 March, when the Libyans fired surface-to-air missiles at U.S. Navy aircraft flying in international airspace, they started a chain of engagements that eventually cost Libya a missile attack boat and a missile corvette (a second missile corvette suffered serious damage).
		Nonetheless, the attack achieved its objective of delivering a powerful message to the Libyan strongman that from that day forward he would be held personally accountable for his misdeeds.
	www.navyleague.org /sea_power/mar_03_28.php (792 words)

	Service of F-14 Tomcat with US Navy
		The Libyan government claimed the entire Gulf of Sidra as its own territorial waters, a claim which the US government did not accept and chose to contest.
		On August 19, two Libyan Su 22 Fitter J fighters were shot down by a pair of VF-41 Tomcats after one the Fitters fired a missile at the American fighters.
		The first Navy squadron to receive the F-14A+ (later redesignated F-14B) was VF-101 at NAS Oceana, which received its first planes in April of 1988.
	home.att.net /~jbaugher1/f14_8.html (3761 words)

	Libyan Wars, 1980-1989, Part 4
		Libyan Navy Nanuchka-class corvette after an attack by AGM-84s fired from USN Intruders: the craft was already heavily damaged and afire when this shot was taken.
		Not that the Libyan commanders had it easier with their pilots: the commander of the MiG-23 interceptors at Benina refused to take off when ordered to do so, claiming in a long and heated radio conversation that his field had been put out of commission.
		At the moment the break down of the Libyan air defence near Benghazi was reported, the 18 F-111Fs were short of entering the Libyan airspace, escorted closely by four EF-111As and - from a distance - by several F-14As, flying at a level of 60 meters, and a speed of 600km/h.
	www.acig.org /artman/publish/article_358.shtml (5651 words)

	Stocker, Autumn 1998 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The essence of this change was a marked shift in focus away from operations "at sea" against a substantial naval opponent, and toward operations "from the sea" against lesser, localized foes.
		The actions of the U.S. Navy in the Persian Gulf in 1987–1988 may not have been directed against Iranian territory itself, but the destruction of oil platforms and the losses inflicted on the Iranian navy do stretch the definition of nonintervention.
		U.S. Navy clashes with Libyan forces in the Gulf of Sirte in the 1980s were only the most noted of dozens of assertions of the right of passage through waters (invariably coastal) whose status had been in dispute.
	www.nwc.navy.mil /press/Review/1998/autumn/art3-a98.htm (9349 words)

	Libya
		Libyans can be satisfied for of the large-scale developement of their independent country.
		Salem Ben Amer, [the envoy of Libyan Leader Mu'ammar al-Qadhafi] was in June 2002 touring Asia in continuation of the mission which the Libyan Leader asked him to carry out with the aim of solving the dispute between India and Pakistan by peaceful means.
		Libyan Foreign Affairs Secretary held a meeting on November 2nd, 2003 in Damascus with Abdallah al-Ahmar the Assistant Secretary for the Arab Baath Socialist Party.
	www.kominf.pp.fi /Iextra.html (7104 words)

	Libya ORIGINS OF THE MODERN ARMED FORCES - Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, ...
		Shortly after Italy entered the war, a number of Libyan leaders living in exile in Egypt called on their compatriots to organize themselves into military units and join the British in the war against the Axis powers.
		Because the high mobility of the desert campaigns required a considerable degree of technical and mechanical expertise, the Libyan forces were used primarily as auxiliaries, guarding military installations and prisoners.
		Throughout this early period, the British were influential in the development of the Libyan navy, which, however, grew extremely slowly and even by the time of Qadhafi's coup in 1969 consisted of just over 200 men.
	www.photius.com /countries/libya/national_security/libya_national_security_origins_of_the_moder~243.html (1244 words)

	Libya: News and Views - Letters
		While the Libyan people suffer tremendously under the dictatorial regime of Qaddafi, his family cavorts around Europe as if they are above all laws and all standards of human behavior.
		While Qaddafi's henchmen plant bombs, murder Libyan political opponents, and commit a whole host of other crimes against humanity, we have to sit here and watch the childish, petty crimes of his sons and other relatives.
		If Qaddafi thinks the Libyan people are not united in their hatred of him, he is very mistaken, because once they gain the inevitable opportunity, they will erupt like a volcano, like an earthquake under his feet.
	www.libyanet.com /v24aug1b.htm (483 words)

	The World Factbook 2004 -- Libya
		The system is a combination of socialism and Islam derived in part from tribal practices and is supposed to be implemented by the Libyan people themselves in a unique form of "direct democracy." QADHAFI has always seen himself as a revolutionary and visionary leader.
		Libyan support for terrorism appears to have decreased after UN sanctions were imposed in 1992.
		Libyan officials in the past three years have made progress on economic reforms as part of a broader campaign to reintegrate the country into the international fold.
	www.brainyatlas.com /geos/ly.html (1239 words)

	H R C A P
		On the other hand, the disappeared victims families appealed to many officials and non-officials authorities attempting to know the destiny of their disappeared relatives.
		These officials are the Egyptian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, The Egyptian Ministry of Interior, the Libyan Embassy in Cairo, the Egyptian Embassy in Libya and the heads and managers of the Egyptian Journals.
		(The representative of the Libyan affairs in Egypt told the authorities in Libya about those missing Egyptians, and the authorities replied him that they are not registered and nothing is known about them.
	www.hrcap.org /2004press/28_03_04.htm (661 words)

	Fred's Place\|www.fredsplace.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		After the war he served on cutters on North Atlantic Ocean Stations including the Matagorda, and the Humboldt, and on 83-foot patrol vessels along the New England coast.
		In 1960 he was dispatched to North Africa by the U.S. State Department to train Libyan navy crews.
		When he retired in 1963 as a Master Chief Boatswains Mate at the Straitsmouth Life Boat Station in Rockport, MA, the station was retired with him.
	www.fredsplace.org /obit/nagle.shtml (141 words)

	U.S. Murder
		For 78 days and nights in the Spring of 1999, United States Air Force and Navy pilots rained death indiscriminately upon women and children, old men and women shopping in marketplaces, passengers in trains, people in cars and buses, people in schools, patients in hospitals — anyone and everyone — everywhere in Yugoslavia.
		April 4, 1986 — While on a victory tour of the aircraft carrier "Enterprise", stationed off the coast of Oman, Vice President George Bush characterized the U.S. Sixth Fleet's terror campaign against Libya as "a tough lesson for Qadhafi" which had given him a "nosebleed." The brainwashed morons of the crew cheered.
		On July 3, 1988 the U.S. Navy warship the Vincennes was operating within Iranian waters, providing military support for Iraq in the ongoing Iran/Iraq war.
	www.stateterrorism.freeservers.com /newpage1.htm (9869 words)

	H R C A P
		That is according to the request of the two sides to read in detail and comment on the documents and defense memos submitted from the claimers till informing the Libyan ambassador in Cairo.
		It is worth mentioning that the lawyers of the association have handed over moves certificate of the disappeared citizens tell entering the Libyan territories on October 2001 and asserts that they have not return to Egypt since then and what asserts the allegation of the association.
		Egypt told the authorities in Libya about the missing Egyptians, and the authorities replied to him that they were not registered and nothing was known about them.
	www.hrcap.org /2004press/11_05_04.htm (683 words)

	NTI: Country Overviews: Libya: Missile Chronology
		Mu'ammar Qadhdhafi leads a military coup, proclaims the Libyan Arab Republic, and embarks on a strategic arms relationship with the Soviet Union.
		An unidentified source reports that Russians are instructing Libyans on how to use the SA-2 ("Guideline"), SA-3 ("Goa"), and SA-6 Gainful antiaircraft- and antitank missiles that they sold to Libya.
		This material is produced independently for NTI by the Center for Nonproliferation Studies at the Monterey Institute of International Studies and does not necessarily reflect the opinions of and has not been independently verified by NTI or its directors, officers, employees, agents.
	www.nti.org /e_research/profiles/Libya/Missile/3840_3841.html (459 words)

	[No title]
		In the event, though Libyan air defenses were supposed to be on maximum alert, not one shot was fired by the defense till the aircraft had departed, and this alone is proof enough the US "no-risk" policy was justified.
		Additionally, the Libyan Navy dispatched several ships into the Gulf of Syrte, in order to attack US ships for which it was believed to operate there.
		The Libyans were encouraged to declare "heightened combat readiness" for its military and "full combat readiness" for national air defense forces and resources.
	www.orbat.com /site/history/historical/libya/eldoradocanyon1986.html (5657 words)

	Facts For Your Files
		Senior Reagan Administration officials said the Soviet Union was quietly pressuring the Libyan government to stop sponsoring terrorist attacks against Americans and American targets.
		A U.S. Defense Department spokesman confirmed that the U.S. Navy had been conducting "routine exercises" off the Libyan coast, but refused to say how close the maneuvers are to the disputed Gulf of Sidra.
		Following this announcement, a Libyan government official said that the Libyan Navy had begun a three-day missile-firing exercise in the Gulf, while the country's official news agency, JANA, warned that the U.S. was "playing with fire and risking the life of mankind."
	www.wrmea.com /backissues/081186/860811018.html (953 words)

	Deans Marine Tobruk.A Vosper Mk1 Corvette
		The startling contrast between this simple little ship and the four GM corvettes now being built in Italy (1980) vividly demonstrates the change of stance of the Libyan Navy in less than a decade.
		Being the first ship of any size built for the Libyan navy, she was built to a very simple specifications.
		Included in the design was state accommodation for her to serve as a presidential yacht.
	www.model-dockyard.com /deans/tobruk.htm (462 words)

	History of the Canadian Navy
		Originally built for the Chilean Navy, at Seattle Washington Dockyard, they were seen by The premier of British Columbia Mr Richard McBride who subsequently purchased the submarines for the Royal; Canadian navy.
		RCN Saguenay D.79 Built By Thornycroft and launched 11th July 1930, in November 1942, she was badly damaged in a collision with the SS Azara off Newfoundland and was a total loss, used for training, before being sold for scrap in April 1946.
		RCN Skeena D.59 Built by Thornycroft and launched 10th October 1930, she was grounded of the coast of Iceland 25th October 1944, salved and scrapped in 1946.
	www.battleships-cruisers.co.uk /canadian_navy.htm (1906 words)

	Maximum Crowe: Tripoli (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		In the early part of 1805 he assembled a force of about 500 men, four fifths of whom were Arabs, the remainder being Greeks and a few Americans.
		After securing the cooperation of the United States squadron, this small army, under the command of General Eaton, marched 600 miles across the Libyan Desert, to Derne, the capital of the richest province of Tripoli.
		On several occasions the mutinous disposition of the Arab sheiks and the irresolution of Hamet imperiled the safety of the few Christians belonging to the expedition, but the forces were finally brought to Bomba, where the "' Argus " and "Hornet," under command of Isaac Hull, were in waiting.
	www.geocities.com /Hollywood/Cinema/1501/maxcrowe_tripoli.html (867 words)

	Radio Northsea International - Timeline
		The Navy transmitter had a power of 10,000 Watts, so not only achieved it's aim but also interfered with BBC Radio 1 in much of the Kent area.
		The Dutch Royal Navy frigate Gelderland stood by, while the fire fighting tug Volans doused the stern of the Mebo II with water.
		Both the Almasira (ex Angela) and the El Fatah (ex Mebo II) were used for target practice by the Libyan Navy, and sink in the Gulf of Sidra, Mediterranean Sea.
	www.zabzone.co.uk /radio/rni.htm (3133 words)

	Algeria - Strategic Perspectives (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The Libyan navy was somewhat larger than that of Algeria (see fig.
		Algeria and Tunisia have generally united when faced with Libyan bellicosity.
		When in 1985 Tunisia came under pressure from Libya in the form of border troop movements and violations of Tunisian air space, Algeria supported Tunisia by moving its troops to the border area.
	www.country-data.com /cgi-bin/query/r-470.html (476 words)

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