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	Licancabur - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Licancabur is a stratovolcano which lies on the border of Chile and Bolivia (the peak proper being located in Chile) near the Laguna Verde.
		Licancabur is a Cunza word that the indigenous people of this area used to refer to themselves as well as to the volcano.
		The 70 by 90 metre crater lake at the summit is believed to be the highest lake in the world, and despite air temperatures of -30 °C it contains numerous living creatures.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Licancabur (142 words)

	Volcán Licancabur - AndesHandbook
		The Licancabur is definitely a very special volcano: our gaze stops instintively with detention over its slopes, hipnotized, erasing momentarily the memories of other volcanos.
		The Licancabur has one of the biggest and better studied archaelogical complexes of all the high altitude sanctuaries in Chile.
		Licancabur is a kunza name, kunza being the language spoken by the people of Atacama.
	www.andeshandbook.cl /eng/cerro.asp?codigo=76 (488 words)

	SPACE.com -- Scientists Trek to Worlds Highest Lake Seeking Clues to ET
		The atmospheric pressure at Licancaburs summit is less than half that at sea level.
		Studying Licancabur, Cabrol hopes, will help scientists to understand how life behaves under such conditions and help to focus their search for evidence of ancient Martian life.
		Licancabur was a sacred mountain to the Incas.
	www.space.com /searchforlife/licancabur1_021021.html (1454 words)

	Global Volcanism Program \| Licancabur \| Summary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The symmetrical Licancabur stratovolcano was constructed primarily during the Holocene and contains one of the world's highest lakes in its 400-m-wide summit crater.
		Archaeological ruins were found on the 5916-m-high crater rim of the steep-sided Volcán Licancabur, which maintains constant 30 degree slopes.
		The shallow freshwater summit lake is 90 m by 70 m wide and has a measured temperature of 6 degrees C, supporting growth of planktonic fauna at nearly 6000 m altitude.
	www.volcano.si.edu /world/volcano.cfm?vnum=1505-092 (183 words)

	Geotimes - June 2006 - Exploring Life in the High Lakes
		A colleague mentioned a lake on the summit of the dormant Licancabur volcano on the border between Chile and Bolivia, one of the highest volcanic lakes in the world at 6,000 meters.
		Shortly after reaching the base of the mountain, she sat in a 100-square-kilometer field of stromatolites — the fossil remains of ancient cyanobacteria — and marveled at the adventure she had gotten herself into.
		The small Licancabur summit lake, measuring only 90 meters by 70 meters by 4.5 meters deep, has been evaporating slowly over thousands of years, so it is an excellent place to examine how life adapted as water disappeared.
	www.geotimes.org /june06/feature_Lakes.html (1094 words)

	Licancabur
		Ascent to the Licancabur (5920 m), flight from the summit to the west over the Atacama desert half the way to San Pedro.
		In the crater lake of the Licancabur at 5800 m tiny crawfishes survive the increased UV load and nocturnal temperatures below the freezing point.
		The Licancabur and its reflection in the Laguna Verde.
	gerdbreitenbach.de /anden/bolivia_1/licancabur_en.html (1145 words)

	Licancabur Expedition Journal: Part Two :: Astrobiology Magazine ::
		The lake lies inside the crater of Licancabur, a dormant volcano that straddles the border between Chile and Bolivia.
		We expect that during the day on top of Licancabur right now it is between 3 and 5 C (between 37 and 41 F), and at night the temperature should reach minus 15 C (5 F).
		They will study them in the lab [that is set up at the Universidad Catolica del Norte] in Antofagasta and tell us more about the microbial life in the lagunas.
	www.astrobio.net /news/article301.html (1248 words)

	Climbing Licancabur (5916m)
		Licancabur is visible in the back to the left with a funny cloud above its crater.
		The normal route to reach the summit of Licancabur is located on this side of the mountain.
		In the background to the left is the second volcano beside Licancabur.
	austral.as.utexas.edu /michael/climbing/licancabur.html (673 words)

	TrekEarth \| Licancabur (2/2) Photo
		Avec 480 mbar, le sommet du Licancabur est dans les même conditions que sur Mars il y a environ 3.5 milliards d'ans.
		Licancabur lake is the highest lake on Earth, at 5880 m.
		The Licancabur lake is ice-covered most of the year.
	www.trekearth.com /gallery/South_America/Bolivia/South/photo280949.htm (831 words)

	Licancabur (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		I had heard of Licancabur and seen pictures long before I saw the real thing for the first time on December 18, 2003.
		From there, it might be possible to drive all the way to the eastern saddle, between Licancabur and Juriques, which is the higher of the two saddles on the slopes of Licancabur and possibly the highest point that can be reached by a car.
		This view of Licancabur is from the west.
	www.astro.caltech.edu /~mschoeck/run/reports/licancabur/Licancabur_03.html (3478 words)

	Mars Underwater (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		MU will explore the summit lakes of the Licancabur, Poquentica, Aquas Calientes, and Acamarachi volcanoes located between 6,046 m and 5,950 m, focusing on habitats and the short and long-term effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on life.
		The MU expeditions to Licancabur and beyond are documenting this exact question.
		Our crew is composed of veterans of two summit ascents in 2002 and 2003 on Licancabur and new members who brings their expertise to the project.
	extremeenvironment.arc.nasa.gov /2004/expedition (1604 words)

	Space.com articles - Date - SETI Institute (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The volcanos name is Licancabur, and its largely unexplored lake poses many questions that are directly relevant to space exploration and astrobiology.
		Scientists travel to harsh environments like Licancabur to study "extremophiles," organisms that thrive under conditions inhospitable to life that we humans normally encounter in our daily lives.
		A unique partnership coordinated by the SETI Institute will make it possible for participating teachers to offer curriculum based upon the expedition, and for their students to peek over the shoulders of the six-member ascent team at work in the field.
	www.seti.org /site/apps/nl/content2.asp?c=ktJ2J9MMIsE&b=194993&ct=220971 (847 words)

	CDNN Eco News :: Extreme Diving: Dive Licancabur Volcano - Dive Mars 3.5 Billion Years Ago
		From Oct. 27 to Nov. 23, scientists will conduct field tests to examine life forms in several lakes, including the Licancabur volcano crater lake, at nearly 20,000 ft. in the Andean Altiplano on the border of Bolivia and Chile.
		Despite the extreme conditions at Licancabur, scientists say microscopic life is present and diverse.
		Learning how the Licancabur organisms protect themselves from UV may help researchers understand how life survived on early Earth - and perhaps on early Mars as well.
	www.cdnn.info /eco/e031030/e031030.html (939 words)

	SummitPost - Licancabur -- Climbing, Hiking & Mountaineering
		Actually located on the Bolivia/Chile border, the crater lake on the summit of Licancabur is said to be the worlds highest lake.
		Macario Berna (Senior Licancabur) has summited over 341 times and would be glad to take you up, he is very competent.
		A little ways up the trail to the summit of Licancabur is a rock shelter (no roof) where some NASA scientists did some altitude research, I think you could camp there if you were clean and did not ask but there is no water.
	www.summitpost.org /view_object.php?object_id=153749 (615 words)

	EventScope - High Lakes
		It is closer to the equator than Licancabur (6,014 m) and should experience higher UV radiation (216% that of sea level at Licancabur).
		Licancabur is taller than Poquentica, standing 6,014 m high.
		The summit lake is about the size of a football field at 90m x 70m x 4.5m.
	www.eventscope.org /highlakes/about-LicanPoquen.html (59 words)

	High Lakes May Yield Clues to Life on Mars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The Licancabur Expedition is funded by grants from the National Geographic Society, NASA, the SETI Institute, and the support of other organizations.
		High altitude lakes on the Licancabur Volcano on the border of Chile and Bolivia may provide clues about the evolution of life in extreme environments on Earth and the existence of life on Mars.
		Laguna Verde, at an elevation of 15,330 feet (4,600 meters), is shown from the slopes of the Licancabur.
	news.nationalgeographic.com /news/2003/10/1027_031027_licancabur_2.html (1044 words)

	EventScope - High Lakes
		However, the outstanding findings at the Licancabur summit lake in 2004 call for more investigation of the remarkable underwater ecosystem found at the center of the lake.
		The 2005 expedition, therefore, will include two main ascents: The first on Licancabur for a diving expedition, and the second on Poquentica.
		While the main expedition is exploring the Altiplano, associate members of the project team will also perform a reconnaissance in Chile on Accamarachi, Aquas Calientes, and Chiliques, three other high volcanoes that will be explored in the coming years.
	www.eventscope.org /highlakes/about.html (179 words)

	Volcan Licancabur, Chile (5900 m) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Volcan Licancabur (22º50'S 67º50'W) is located 30 km east of the village of San Pedro de Atacama.
		Try to get as close as possible to the base of Licancabur, where camping is still possible, to go for the summit.
		It is recommendable to do this in two days, but not necessary if you are well acclimatized.
	www2.ing.puc.cl /~cseebach/Climbing/norte/licancabur (369 words)

	Licancabur Expedition
		Discover the highest Crater Lake in the world and be a privileged witness of the greatness of the Incas.
		The Licancabur volcano (5.916m) on its summit numerous treasures: an Inca sanctuary, a funeral ceremony site with hundred years old wood, crater, lake, etc...
		Back to San Pedro and transfer to Licancabur base camp (4.700m).
	www.altue.com /english/activities/mountaineering/licancabur.htm (465 words)

	NASA - Space Science - Education - OSS E/PO Annual Report 2003 - NASA Astrobiology Institute/UCLA: The Licancabur ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The 2002 Licancabur Expedition involved students nationally and internationally.
		Students submitted questions online, which were answered live from the field, as well as throughout the year.
		The Licancabur volcano (5916 m) located at the boundary of Chile and Bolivia hosts the highest and one of the least-explored lakes on Earth.
	ossim.hq.nasa.gov /ossepo/Res11315.html (182 words)

	AndesHandbook - Inca Route - Volcán Licancabur
		Access to Licancabur is most straightforward from Laguna Verde, by the Paso del Cajón (Cajón Pass), on the Chile-Bolivia border.
		Then the trail turns to the West and finally to the South, climbing up a sandy creek until reaching the "Pueblo de Licancabur" (Licancabur Village); it is about 8 kilometers from Laguna Verde that will leave us right beneath the volcano´s cone, and very near Volcán Juriques.
		A well marked trail starts at the village(it probably was part of the "Camino del Inca") which heads directly towards the Licancabur´s Northeast slope, where the first ruins are found, right at the cone´s base See Foto6.
	www.andeshandbook.cl /eng/rutas.asp?codigo=86 (570 words)

	NASA - NASA Ames Research Center Public Affairs Office
		The Licancabur Volcano (5916 m/19720 ft) seen from Laguna Verde (4145 m/13816 ft).
		The summit lake is hidden inside the volcanic crater and 40 m lower than the summit.
		The Licancabur makes the border between Chile and Bolivia and its summit crater is shared by the two countries.
	www.nasa.gov /centers/ames/news/releases/2002/02images/lanca/lanca.html (163 words)

	NAI News Article: NASA Astrobiologists to study Extreme Life at Earth's Highest Lake (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Although the lake at Licancabur volcano is covered with almost 2 feet of ice during much of the year, the expedition will take place in the southern hemisphere's spring, when the lake is not completely frozen.
		To find answers to these questions, the scientists plan to study the life forms that live in the lake, such as microrganisms and plankton.
		The Licancabur expedition is funded primarily by NASA Ames Research Center and the NASA IDEAS (Initiative to Develop Education through Astronomy and Space Science) grant program, an education and outreach public grant program administered by the Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, Md.
	nai.arc.nasa.gov /news_stories/news_print.cfm?ID=164 (739 words)

	Climbing and Desert Expedition \| Chile \| Desert \| climbing \| Atacama \| licancabur \| lascar \| salar \| camping
		From this summit will have a breath-taking view of the Laguna Verde and the access route to volcano Licancabur which will be climbing later in this trip.
		Licancabur - summit - San Pedro (Approximate altitude 5,921 meters or 19,420 ft.)
		At nearly 5,900 meters, Licancabur's extinct crater forms a magic lake.
	www.infohub.com /TRAVEL/SIT/sit_pages/4303.html (726 words)

	Alpinisme -- Licancabur: Normale Sees, Marc Fournier, 02 settembre 02.
		Licancabur: Normale Sees, Marc Fournier, 02 settembre 02.
		At the end of la tracks, to still continue a few minutes in direction of the collar until the ruins of an INCA camping to 4700 Mr.
		Visualizza tutte le gite dell'itinerario "Licancabur: Normale Sees".
	alpinisme.camptocamp.com /it/sortie683.html?lp=fr_en (668 words)

	NASA -
		NOTE TO EDITORS AND NEWS DIRECTORS: You are invited to an informal media opportunity with Dr. Nathalie Cabrol and members of the Licancabur expedition team on Oct. 15 from 9: 45 a.m.
		During October, the scientists will explore several lakes in the region, including the highest freshwater lake in the world, in the caldera of the Licancabur volcano, almost 20,000 feet high.
		To receive Ames news releases via e-mail, send an e-mail with the word "subscribe" in the subject line to ames-releases-request@lists.arc.nasa.gov. To unsubscribe, send an e-mail to the same address with "unsubscribe" in the subject line.
	www.nasa.gov /centers/ames/news/releases/2002/02_109AR.html (900 words)

	Alpinisme -- Licancabur: Normale Sees, Marc Fournier, 02 September 02.
		Alpinisme -- Licancabur: Normale Sees, Marc Fournier, 02 September 02.
		Licancabur: Normale Sees, Marc Fournier, 02 September 02.
		See all the outings of "Licancabur: Normale Sees" route.
	alpinisme.camptocamp.com /en/sortie683.html?lp=fr_en (670 words)

	EO Newsroom: New Images - Volcano Licancabur
		The microscopic plant life that survives in this lake is under increasing pressure as the lake, adjacent to the Atacama Desert (to the west), slowly dries up.
		The organisms found here might help scientists determine the point at which extreme becomes too extreme for life; their fate may reveal clues about what could have happened to any life that might once have been present on Mars.
		The Licancabur Expedition is funded in part by grants from the National Geographic Society, NASA, and the SETI Institute.
	earthobservatory.nasa.gov /Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=16375 (315 words)

	Lagoons and volcanoes of South Lipez: tourism in Bolivia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Expedition in jeep and, later on, the ascent to the some of the highest volcanoes in South Lípez: the Licancabur and the Tunupa, on the borders of the Uyuni Salt Flats (the biggest salt sea of the world).
		During the afternoon, we will arrive to Laguna Verde (at the foot of Licancabur volcano - 5960 m.a.s.l.) in order to watch its color change.
		Early in the morning, the 4WD let us at the foot of the volcano at 4550 meters where we begin our tentative ascent of Licancabur.
	www.bolivia-travels.com /uyuni-lipez/lagoons-volcanos-6d.htm (1284 words)

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