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Topic: License raj

	Licence Raj - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Licence raj was a result of India's decision to have a planned economy, where all aspects of the economy are controlled by the state and licenses were given to a select few.
		The license raj, was considered to be dismantled in 1990, when a macroeconomic crisis forced India to usher in economic reforms and dismantle the licensing regulations in order to attract Foreign Direct Investment and private businesses.
		The key characteristic of the license raj is a Planning Commission, that centrally administers the economy of the country.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/License_raj (378 words)

	Post Show
		One of the primary areas of discussion at the conference was the outlandish figures arrived at in the course of the bidding process for FM licenses.
		The license fee issue has ensured that the first few years of private FM are going to be a rough ride for broadcasters, and not everybody will survive.
		Having paid the license fees, invested in the hardware and hired the staff, the radio broadcaster’s next big task is to convince potential sponsors and advertisers, not to mention Joe Public, that radio is a sexy proposition.
	www.exhibitionsindia.com /fmreport.html (1869 words)

	ECONOMIC HISTORY AND THE ECONOMY OF INDIA
		In the early 1980's the License Raj rejected 50 to 60 percent of the application, most commonly on the basis that there was adequate existing capacity.
		So of the 40 to 50 percent of the license applications that were approved some portion represented spurious application so, in effect, the rejection rate of legitimate applications was higher than 50 to 60 percent.
		Rajiv Gandhi's reforms were consider outside of India as mild and timid adjustments but to the License Raj they were a threat to their hegemony and considered audaciously radical.
	www2.sjsu.edu /faculty/watkins/india.htm (3802 words)

	Commanding Heights : Scientific Planning \| on PBS
		Once it was decided that the government will allocate resources, or at least control allocation of resources, the license Permit Raj was inevitable, because capacities had to be limited, growth had to be limited, and a system of rationing had to be adopted in terms of both bank funds as well as permissions.
		MANMOHAN SINGH: The [Permit Raj] was [an] inevitable [consequence of central planning] because in an economy where resources are scarce [and] demands are too many, you need rationing, you need controls, and therefore you need permit license rights.
		The [Permit Raj was not so much] the effect of centralization as it was the effect of the economic theology of the times.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/commandingheights/shared/minitext/ufd_indiaplanning_full.html (3424 words)

	Selectmen’s Meeting (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		King said that all of the lodging house licenses are listed with the exception of two that are being transferred to new owners and will be before the Board in the near future.
		King explained that this was a one-day license he denied since the police department was not recommending approval due to underage participants attending the event.
		Ross noted that the police department recommended that if the Board were to grant the license, that there be at least two certified trained alcohol servers, one detail police officer and the detail much be paid for prior to the event.
	www.framinghamma.org /web/Minutes/Selectmin/Apr29_04.htm (1050 words)

	Marginal Revolution: Corruption (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		I think that if drivers licenses ceased to exist tomorrow, most new drivers would take it upon themselves (or their parents would take it upon themselves) to ensure that they acquired the necessary skills before venturing out on their own.
		The licensing regime is imperfect, of course -- people cheat, the skills test is extremely basic, and the system is such that various licensing locations are known to be much more lax than others.
		Licensing allows someone who is somewhat more objective to say "no, you in fact suck, go get more training" or "no, you've gone too blind" and make it stick.
	www.marginalrevolution.com /marginalrevolution/2006/06/corruption.html (4266 words)

	Mortgage Broker License (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		I went through the state’s web-site to check for broker license requirements and I couldn’t find any specific educational or professional experience requirements.
		Raj: I e-mailed you earlier, please call me at 804-285-7557 so that we can discuss your questions.
		I have the same questions that Raj had on 6/27.
	www.vamb.org /cgi-bin/messageboard/47.shtml (460 words)

	Anti-reform Lobby has Got it Wrong
		Therefore, there is little truth to the claim that poverty fell in the heyday of the license raj.
		Nor is there any concrete evidence supporting the view that poverty fell under the Hindu rate of growth since it was precisely during the heydays of the license raj that we experienced the Hindu rate of growth.
		While I will be stretching the evidence if I were to give the credit for poverty reduction during late 1970s and 1980s to this liberalization, the stretch is all the greater when the critics of reforms give the credit to license raj.
	www.columbia.edu /~ap2231/ET/et-13-may00.htm (910 words)

	Some Shareholders are More Equal
		And for many, since their survival is at stake, it does not matter what means are used to keep the predators out.
		Indeed, a major factor influencing policymakers has always been the lobby power of large Indian industrial groups - even though the License Raj is supposedly a thing of the past.
		However, why is this solicitude being shown only to promoters (already fattened by the license Raj) and not to ordinary shareholders.
	www.valuenotes.com /et99/aug29.asp?ArtCd=376&pf=true (951 words)

	E-catalyst (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		But getting down to the nitty gritty of the license raj, the regulation of auto rickshaws in Gujarat is governed by the Central motor vehicle rules, 1989 and the Gujarat motor vehicle rules, 1989.
		Not just the licensing, but anything involving paperwork, including registration, permit, getting insurance etc., is all done by the agents at more or less fixed rates.
		The market for licensing of auto rickshaws should be freed, so that even persons buying old auto rickshaws do not have to go through the lengthy paperwork.
	www.ccsindia.org /ec/ec_nimisha.htm (1035 words)

	Digital certifcate issuing authority
		It appears that this is being looked upon firstly as an area of serious concern as to the safety of the Netizens and secondly as a means of creating a new license raj.
		According the draft rules for ITA-2000, the license to carry on the business of the CA is valid for a period of one year and an application to renew has to be made no later than 3 months before the expiry of the license.
		It is therefore necessary for the initial licensing period to be increased to three years and subsequent renewals to be fixed for two years.
	www.naavi.org /cl_editorial/edit_20aug00_1.html (888 words)

	R. Uppili and M. Sricharan's Blog : The 'I' Factor, R. Uppili and M. Sricharan blogs on sulekha, Health blogs, R. ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Under the “License Permit Raj” in India, however innovation and efficiency hardly had any role to play.
		Once the license was obtained, profits for a company were assured through a captive market.
		As a result, the core-competence of most firms were their ability to lobby the government rather than gaining expertise in business activities.
	www.sulekha.com /blogs/blogdisplay.aspx?cid=2838 (1638 words)

	Cover Story
		As chief ministers queue to woo heads of transnational empires and NRI kings play noblesse oblige with governments, the License Raj equation has been turned on its head.
		Lord Raj Bagri from England said the State may have achieved a lot but it still has a long way to go.
		After 1991, everyone believed economic reforms meant the License Raj had gone forever and so had the lines of businessmen outside the offices of bureaucrats and ministers waiting for a darshan of the mantriji.
	www.expressindia.com /ie/daily/20001001/cover1.htm (1629 words)

	The Next Partition of India
		Indian liberalism, however, is literally and figuratively the rule by license, which recognises no obligation to others.
		Fifteen years ago near financial bankruptcy compelled the Indian State to loosen License Raj in the economic field.
		Strangely, as the world transitions into a knowledge economy in which learning and training will have the highest value, the Indian State has come back with vengeance to expand License Raj in the field of education.
	www.rediff.com /news/2006/may/24kak.htm (978 words)

	Corporatizing and Legalizing Prostitution at Psychotic Ramblings Of A Mad Man…
		This license must be renewed by the prostitute on a periodic basis.
		Hustling without a license should be a crime punishable by law, at the same time people should be urged to avail services from only licensed prostitutes (to have a lesser risk of sexual infection).
		Also secondly, this would reduce human trafficking as every prostitute would require a license, and a license could be issued only with the consent of the prostitute.
	www.vulturo.com /2005/08/corporatizing-and-legalizing-prostitution (2270 words)

	India is shining: China biz weekly
		But this has not always resulted in material progress," Stewart, who practised law for eight years in Hong Kong and understood the legal structures of both India and China, said.
		"In India, I think the improvement is a result of finally weakening the 'license raj' that stifled most progress," Stewart said.
		Before the reform, the 'license raj' system had held back talented people for generations, he said.
	www.rediff.com /money/2004/mar/05china.htm (417 words)

	Slowfood.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		It creates a license permit Raj in food when the rhetoric is about ending it.
		A license and inspector raj controlled from Delhi is a recipe for corruption.
		The core of the Act is bureaucratic control through a licence permit raj.
	www.slowfood.com /eng/sf_sloweb/sf_sloweb_dettaglio.lasso?passaswe=SW_01798 (1136 words)

	::Welcome to CCS::
		The Municipal Corporation of Delhi has mandated that cycle rickshaws have to be licensed and fixed a limit of 99,000 licenses.
		If we abolish the license system, there will still be about 5 lakh rickshaws in Delhi because any additional rickshaw puller would not make enough to stay in that vocation.
		The licensing system does not control the number of rickshaws; it only empowers government officials against the poor—to harass and to extort.
	www.ccsindia.org /lft.asp (1668 words)

	Reliance trumps cellcos with single license regime - Telecom Asia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The other WLL service provider, Tata’s, was less aggressive and stuck to the license agreement completely to build a subscriber base of 378,612.
		The regulator contends that a single unified license will not only end the “License Raj”, but will also prevent future litigation in the future.
		But what ever may be the future of unified licensing; one thing is sure that the vendors and the customers will be the winners.
	www.telecomasia.net /telecomasia/article/articleDetail.jsp?id=77596 (597 words)

	Lok Satta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		In the earlier license-permit-quota raj, the entrepreneur paid a hefty bribe to the politician and bureaucrat to obtain a license to start a business, or expand capacity.
		At the end, he produced shoddy goods, which he could easily sell at exorbitant prices to consumers, who had no choice - the license raj ensured monopoly to the entrepreneurs.
		Fair competition and dismantling of license raj dramatically eliminated corruption and lowered costs and tariffs in telecom industry.
	www.loksatta.org /fexp03dec04.htm (1010 words)

	Swatantra Party - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The party contested Congress's democratic socialist outlook by advocating free enterprise, opposing the so-called licence-permit Raj, and ending India's economic autarky by courting Western investment.
		In the 1970s, Swatantra merged into Janata Party, an omnibus of left-wing, right-wing, and Hindu nationalist opponents of Congress Party rule.
		This page was last modified 05:50, 4 June 2006.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Swatantra_party (109 words)

	Organiser - Content
		IT was freed from the licence raj and the inspector raj and has done well because of its freedom.
		The license raj has been reduced in India but the inspector raj is still very strong, at both the central and state levels.
		Giving it the same level of labour flexibility and freedom from the inspector raj would create millions of new jobs for ordinary people who lack the skills to work in the IT sector.
	www.organiser.org /dynamic/modules.php?name=Content&pa=showpage&pid=107&page=11 (1061 words)

	The Public Affairs Magazine- Newsinsight.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The license raj destroyed private initiative, drove entrepreneurship to death, and condemned India to the so-called three per cent Hindu rate of growth, till P.V.Narasimha Rao and Manmohan Singh came along and shifted the paradigm in 1991.
		It is perverse to justify the license raj, and it adds insult to injury to top it with quotas.
		A quota bill is being contemplated, and the government could try divide and rule by announcing more concessions to industries that accept reservation, but for its own long-term good and indeed survival, industry should stay united against quotas.
	www.newsinsight.net /archivedebates/nat2.asp?recno=967 (1368 words)

	SSRN-After the 'License Raj': Economic Liberalization and Aggregate Private Investment in India by M. Shahe Emran, M. ...
		SSRN-After the 'License Raj': Economic Liberalization and Aggregate Private Investment in India by M. Shahe Emran, M. Alam, Forhad Shilpi
		First, the response of private investment with respect to the relative cost of capital has increased at least 4.6 times after the dismantling of the 'License Raj'.
		Emran, M. Shahe, Alam, M. Imam and Shilpi, Forhad, "After the 'License Raj': Economic Liberalization and Aggregate Private Investment in India" (August 2003).
	papers.ssrn.com /sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=411080 (303 words)

	Jon Thorn India Capital Fund 12/10/04
		Precisely because the government had to start dismantling the many-layered payoff, tariff and license system that had been built up in the 40 years since India gained its independence, the so-called License Raj (raj means rule).
		It’s very important to appreciate that it was the end of the License Raj that made India so exciting to investors back when we were starting the fund.
		Yes, because of the License Raj, India’s economy has to be understood in the context of Eastern Europe.
	www.weedenco.com /welling/archive/li/v06i22lilogo.asp (8302 words)

	Education in India: Liberalise education - do away with the Education Raj
		If that were true, we would have had high quality in the License Raj.
		Even the rules for university affiliation are like licenses, and are often cornered by people with political connections.
		Earlier, we had the license system where who can produce wha,t and how much, was decided by the government.
	prayatna.typepad.com /education/2005/04/liberalise_educ.html (1378 words)

	9.11.4: License versus Lease - Encyclopedia - Library - VC Experts
		A license agreement is like a lease in that it usually involves an agreement by which the licensor assigns some but not all of his rights in an item to a licensee and receives in exchange consideration, which is usually paid periodically over a period of time, not in one lump sum.
		Sitewide License and Private Equity Data Center - One Year of Access Cost: $795.00
		An attorney-client relationship does not exist in connection with the non-legal services VC Experts provides.
	vcexperts.com /vce/library/encyclopedia/documents_view.asp?document_id=398 (309 words)

	The User Revisited
		In fact, it should be encouraging for the Government because while some countries are doing away with telecom licensing, our user fraternity is not against the license raj in telecom.
		First and foremost, users hope that a unified license will put an end to all the litigations going on in the telecom space.
		They are also of the opinion that a unified license will lead to consolidation, where only serious players will stay.
	www.voicendata.com /content/columns/editorial/103111201.asp (636 words)

	The Tribune - Magazine section - Windows
		HE WTO regime is here, and as the hype on the "opening up of the economy to make the consumer the king" builds up, the mirage may also be getting bigger.
		Beginning from first fortnight of April, with the license raj almost dismantled, a wide range of "high quality imported goods" are expected to enter the Indian market.
		Most foreign companies see the country, with its large middle class, as a huge opportunity to sell their goods at "affordable prices" and are confident that the Indian consumer is in a mood to lap up whatever is offered.
	www.tribuneindia.com /2001/20010407/windows (97 words)

	India Uncut
		In the course of an email discussion with Bruno Mascarenhas, who objected to some of my libertarian views, I said: “I am against making a guy in a village or small town get 10 licences to open a paan shop and pay hafta thereon to a cop.
		The biggest obstacle to removing poverty in India today is the license raj.”
		Bruno then decided to check if 10 licenses were really required, or I was exaggerating.
	indiauncut.blogspot.com /2005/05/only-nine-licenses.html (135 words)

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