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Topic: Lichen

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	Lichen Planus Treatment Program on the Internet
		Lichen Planus is a chronic disorder affecting skin, mouth or genitals, inflicting estimated 1.2 % of the world population.
		My Lichen planus was not relieved much by conventional treatment and hence I had decided to opt for homeopathic treatment.
		Oral Lichen Planus in 66 years old lady following dental treatment was partly better with the use of steroids.
	www.lichenplanus.com (109 words)

	Lichen Collections and Research at the Smithsonian Institution, U.S. National Herbarium
		The lichen collection of the U.S. National Herbarium, Smithsonian Institution, with approximately 250,000 specimens, is the largest lichen collection in North America and one of the ten largest collections in the world.
		Lichens are the symbiotic association of a fungus and an alga.
		Lichens are found in the hottest desert, the coldest tundra, and the wettest rain forest.
	www.nmnh.si.edu /botany/projects/lichens (996 words)

	Lichen - MSN Encarta
		Lichens survive in a wide variety of environments, either forming small, circular crusts or leaflike structures attached to bark, rocks, or soil, or as hairlike structures hanging from tree branches.
		The algal partner of a lichen is usually composed of green algae in the form of single cells or chains of cells.
		Although lichens have been used in folk medicine as purported cures for many ills, from headaches and toothaches to tuberculosis, diabetes, and asthma, their use in modern medicine is recent.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761563114/Lichen.html (1445 words)

	Elkhorn Slough
		Lichens are like miniature ecosystems, composed of an association of a fungus, usually an ascomycete (a group of fungi that includes morels) and certain species of single-celled plants (green algae) or blue green algae (cyanobacteria) and support a menagerie of tiny invertebrates barely visible to the naked eye.
		Lichens are found in nearly every terrestrial habitat from the tropics to the extremes of deserts and arctic tundra, colonizing areas inhospitable to many other organisms.
		Lichens vary in their ability to survive in areas exposed to pollutants such as sulfur dioxide, fluoride, and ammonia, and since they tend to concentrate heavy metals lichens also serve as recorders of these other contaminants.
	www.elkhornslough.org /newspages/lichens.htm (735 words)

	Lichens - Olympic National Park
		Lichens are fungi that have formed symbiotic relationships with algal partners.
		Lichens are intolerant of pollution (especially sulfur dioxide) and are often used as bio-indicators of pollution.
		Lichens are often found in harsh climates and habitats which slows the rate of photosynthesis.
	www.nps.gov /olym/invlichen.htm (518 words)

	Lichens (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Some other types of lichen grow abundantly on tundra soils, providing a vital winter food source for animals (including reindeer and caribou) in arctic and sub-arctic regions.Yet other lichens grow on or in the perennial leaves of some economically important tropical crop plants such as coffee, cacao and rubber, where they are regarded as parasites.
		The rewetting of lichens is thought to start by water absorption in the gelatinous matrix of the cortex, after which water might move through the medulla in the wall space of the fungal hyphae or perhaps by capillarity in regions where the hyphae have a hydrophilic surface.
		Lichens are amongst the slowest-growing organisms, but their tolerance of environmental extremes enables them to colonise habitats where few other macroscopic organisms can grow.
	helios.bto.ed.ac.uk /bto/microbes/lichen.htm (2809 words)

	Lichen Sclerosis : by Ray Sahelian, M.D., treatment lichen sclerosus
		Lichen Sclerosus or Lichen Sclerosis by Ray Sahelian, M.D. Lichen sclerosus is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the skin and mucosa, presenting to genitourinary physicians and dermatologists.
		Lichen sclerosus is a chronic inflammatory skin condition, which most commonly causes dysuria, pruritus and soreness of the vulval and perianal areas.
		Lichen sclerosus is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease causing significant sclerosis, atrophy and pruritus.
	www.raysahelian.com /lichen.html (1018 words)

	Lichen - Article - Red Colony (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Lichen are important for the terraformation of Mars because they can survive very adverse conditions, like those on a partially terraformed Mars.
		It is not known for certain whether lichen are radiation-resistant plants, but since a partially terraformed Mars would have a relatively thick atmosphere and an adequate ozone layer formed by the carbon dioxide, radiation would not be too much of a problem after a while, except during solar storms.
		Lichen is certainly not the quickest way to go, but it is certainly the easiest, cheapest, and the most technologically feasible.
	www.redcolony.com /art.php?id=0109020 (746 words)

	What is a Lichen
		In foliose lichens there is a lower cortex and in fruticose lichens the lower cortex is replaced by a central one.
		Crustose lichens, as their name implies, form a crust on the surface of the substrate on which they are growing.
		Some foliose lichens can be stubby like fruticose lichens, however, close examination will reveal that the algal part exists only on one side of the flattish thallus whereas in fruticose lichens it exists as a ring around the thallus, even when it is flattened as in Ramalina sp.
	www.earthlife.net /lichens/lichen.html (1125 words)

	Cloudbridge Project in Costa Rica: Lichens
		The complexity of lichen partnerships has caused lichens to be described as "small ecosystems." They are classified as members of the Fungus Kingdom because the fungus partner is always the major partner.
		After a lichen symbiosis is established, the fungus has the greatest influence on the final form of the lichen body’s shape, and whether it is tough or flexible.
		Despite their hardiness, lichens are very sensitive to certain airborne materials - for example, the sulfur dioxide and volatile metal compounds that are released when coal is burned.
	giddy.org /cloudbridge/lichens (523 words)

	Lichen Planus
		Lichen planus is a relatively common skin disease that comes in episodes lasting months to years.
		Lichen planus of the mouth most commonly affects the inside of the cheeks, gums and tongue.
		Lichen Planopilaris is the specific name given to lichen planus on the scalp that causes permanent scarring alopecia with inflammation around affected hair follicles.
	www.aocd.org /skin/dermatologic_diseases/lichen_planus.html (924 words)

	Questions and Answers About Lichen Sclerosus (Site not responding. Last check: )
		More severe cases of lichen sclerosus produce scarring that may cause the inner lips of the vulva to shrink and disappear, the clitoris to become covered with scar tissue, and the opening of the vagina to narrow.
		However, lichen sclerosus of the genital skin should be treated, even when it is not causing itching or pain, because it can lead to scarring that may narrow openings in the genital area and interfere with either urination or sexual intercourse or both.
		Women with severe lichen sclerosus may not be able to have sexual intercourse because of pain or scarring that narrows the entrance to the vagina.
	www.niams.nih.gov /hi/topics/lichen/lichen.htm (1868 words)

	Lichen Biology and the Environment
		Lichens are composite, symbiotic organisms made up from members of as many as three kingdoms.
		Most lichens are very brittle when they're dry, and some depend on just plain breakage to produce fragments that, like soredia and isidia, can be blown around by wind, washed along by water, or carried off as passengers on insects or birds.
		Lichens with known, slow growth rates, like Rhizocarpon geographicum, have been used to estimate the dates of geological events such as the retreat of glaciers.
	www.lichen.com /biology.html (616 words)

	Lichen
		* LICHEN's editorial board is now on hiatus and will not be publishing LICHEN for the next two years. During this period, our website will continue to feature work that readers have enjoyed since 1999, and will be updated on an occasional basis.
		News and announcements will also be made available.
		LICHEN gratefully acknowledges the financial support of the Ontario Arts Council and
	www.lichenjournal.ca (140 words)

	Young Naturalists: Lichens: Two Lives in One: Minnesota DNR
		Lichens do most of their growing in spring and fall when rainfall adds moisture to the air.
		They used lichens to dye fabric-such as yarn to weave rugs-brew medicinal teas, and to make poultices to soothe skin irritations.
		Squirrels, chipmunks, deer, and spruce grouse all nibble on lichens.
	www.dnr.state.mn.us /young_naturalists/lichens/index.html (1433 words)

	Lichen planus. DermNet NZ
		Lichen planus may cause a small number of skin lesions or less often affect a wide area of the skin and mucous membranes.
		Lichen planus may affect any area, but is most often seen on the front of the wrists, lower back, and ankles.
		Lichen planus affects one or more nails in 10% of cases, sometimes without involving the skin surface – if all nails are abnormal and nowhere else is affected it is called twenty nail dystrophy.
	www.dermnetnz.org /scaly/lichen-planus.html (1222 words)

	Lichen Planus
		Lichen planus is a skin condition that causes itchy, flat-topped bumps that develop into scaly patches.
		It is less common for lichen planus to appear on the scalp and nails.
		Lichen planus can also occur in the mouth, with symptoms ranging from painless white patches to sore gums and painful ulcers that make eating and drinking difficult.
	www.hmc.psu.edu /healthinfo/jkl/lichenplanus.htm (662 words)

	Lichen
		Lichens are put into four groups according to the shape of the thallus.
		That means that the brittle thallus of the lichen can break off easily and be moved by water, by travelling on animal fur, or by wind to a new spot and begin growing a new colony of lichen.
		Some lichens are parasites and grow on or in the leaves of some tropical crop plants that are bought and sold: coffee, cacao (chocolate) and rubber.
	library.thinkquest.org /CR0212089/lichen.htm (446 words)

	Natural Perspective: Lichens (Phylum: Mycophycophyta)
		Lichens find their homes in some of the most barren and inhospitable parts of the world.
		Lichens are among the most fascinating organisms on this planet.
		The British Soldier Lichen (Cladonia macilenta), left, is one of the showiest fruiting lichens: even though the mushrooms are quite tiny, their bright color and distinctive form makes them stand out in their forest habitat.
	www.perspective.com /nature/fungi/lichens.html (777 words)

	Desert Varnish & Lichen Crust - DesertUSA
		Since lichens are among the first plants to grow on bare rock, they play a role in soil formation by slowly etching the rock surface.
		Microscopic rock fragments intermeshed with the lichen become loosened by expansion and contraction, as the lichen is alternately moistened and dried.
		Since lichens absorb most of their mineral nutrients from the air and rain water, they are especially vulnerable to toxic air-borne pollutants.
	www.desertusa.com /magdec97/varnish/dec_varnish.html (2060 words)

	Desert Varnish And Lichen Crust
		Foliose lichens have a leaf-like or lobed thallus, loosely attached to the substrate by root-like rhizines or by a central stalk-like umbilicus.
		Microscopic rock fragments intermeshed with the lichen become loosened by expansion and contraction, as the lichen is alternately moistened and dried.
		Since lichens absorb most of their mineral nutrients from the air and rain water, they are especially vulnerable to toxic air-borne pollutants.
	waynesword.palomar.edu /pljan98.htm (6649 words)

	Lichen Planus - Digestion and digestive-related information on MedicineNet.com
		Lichen planus is a recurrent rash that is due to inflammation.
		Lichen planus is a very curious skin condition, the effects of which are localized to the areas of involvement.
		Lichen planus itches with an intensity that varies in different people from mild to severe.
	www.medicinenet.com /lichen_planus/article.htm (398 words)

	Lichens
		Lichens are very sensitive to air pollution, so if your town has dirty air your backyard may not have many lichens to study.
		Ecologically, lichens are important because they often occupy niches that, at least sometime during the season, are so dry, or hot, or sterile, that nothing else will grow there.
		Lichens also produce on their surfaces microscopic, dust-like particles composed of one or several algal cells closely enveloped by fungus hyphae.
	www.backyardnature.net /lichens.htm (937 words)

	ESA - Human Spaceflight and Exploration - Lichen survives in space
		Lichens are not actually single organisms but an association of millions of algal cells, which cooperate in the process of photosynthesis and are held in a fungal mesh.
		Lichens are well known extremophiles, being able to survive the harshest environments on Earth.
		At the conclusion of the mission the lid of Biopan was closed to protect the lichens from the conditions of reentry.
	www.esa.int /esaHS/SEMUJM638FE_index_0.html (592 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Lichen planus
		Lichen planus is a disorder of the skin and mucous membranes resulting in inflammation, itching, and distinctive skin lesions.
		Lichen planus is an uncommon disorder involving a recurrent, itchy, inflammatory rash or lesion on the skin or in the mouth.
		Lichen planus may be associated with several other disorders, most notably hepatitis C. Chemicals or medications associated with development of lichen planus include gold (used to treat rheumatoid arthritis), antibiotics, arsenic, iodides, chloroquine, quinacrine, quinidine, antimony, phenothiazines, diuretics such as chlorothiazide, and many others.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/000867.htm (687 words)

	Lichen Planus -- familydoctor.org (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Lichen planus may also affect the scalp, the nails or the inside of the mouth.
		If lichen planus is only on a small part of your body, you can use a hydrocortisone cream (one brand name: Cortaid) that you apply directly to the bumps.
		Lichen planus of the scalp must be treated right away or the hair may never grow back.
	familydoctor.org /handouts/600.html (671 words)

	Oral lichen planus - MayoClinic.com
		Oral lichen planus is an inflammatory condition affecting the lining of the mouth.
		The condition appears to be related to lichen planus that occurs on the skin.
		Oral lichen planus isn't an infectious disease and isn't contagious.
	www.mayoclinic.com /health/oral-lichen-planus/DS00784 (293 words)

	Lichen sclerosus. DermNet NZ
		Lichen sclerosus is chronic skin disorder that most often affects the genital and perianal areas.
		Lichen sclerosus is associated with an increased risk of vulvar cancer, which presents as a slowly-growing lump or a sore that doesn't heal.
		Lichen sclerosus is believed to relate to an autoimmune process, in which there are antibodies to a component of the skin.
	www.dermnetnz.org /immune/lichen-sclerosus.html (1011 words)

	USDA Agricultural Research Service (Site not responding. Last check: )
		But only 20 to 40 different kinds of algae are now known to merge with fungi to become lichens.
		The growth rate of lichens has been determined by observing those that develop on gravestones.
		It's obvious by the date when a stone was "planted," and the lichen probably started enlarging soon after.
	www.ars.usda.gov /is/kids/weirdscience/story6/lichenames.htm (261 words)

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