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Topic: Life cycle cost analysis

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	LIFE CYCLE COST ASSESSMENT MODEL FACT SHEET
		The LCCA model is controlled to ensure that the analysis is performed in accordance with guidelines established by the Finance and Execution Committee of the Green Action Team.
		The primary role of the LCCA is to determine the cost effectiveness of proposed energy efficiency and conservation projects (Project) and establish whether or not a submitted and evaluated Project should be approved for GS$Mart financing (as per Budget Letter 06-27, issued September 8, 2006).
		The LCCA analysis can be conducted by facility level energy and/or building managers, departmental level energy or facility utility managers, or approved contractors who have been selected to provide energy services in the implementation of energy efficiency and sustainability measures.
	www.green.ca.gov /LCCA/FactSheet.htm (1083 words)

	Life cycle cost analysis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Life cycle cost analysis became popular in the 1960s when the concept was taken up by U.S. government agencies as an instrument to improve the cost effectiveness of equipment procurement.
		As there is high interest in life cycle cost analysis in maintenance, the International Electrotechnical Commission published a standard (IEC 60300) in 1996, which lies in the field of dependability management and gives recommendations how to carry out life cycle costing.
		A life cycle cost analysis is important for cost accounting purposes.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Life_cycle_cost_analysis (444 words)

	Economic Analysis Primer - Life-Cycle Cost Analysis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		LCCA enables the analyst to make sure that the selection of a design alternative is not based solely on the lowest initial costs, but also considers all the future costs (appropriately discounted) over the project's usable life.
		As a rule of thumb, the analysis period should be long enough to incorporate all, or a significant portion, of each alternative's life cycle, including at least one major rehabilitation activity for each alternative (typically a period of 30 to 40 years for pavements, but longer for bridges).
		Costs that are identical (in terms of both their amount and when they occur) among all alternatives need not be quantified, as they will "wash out" in a cost comparison.
	www.fhwa.dot.gov /infrastructure/asstmgmt/primer04.htm (1709 words)

	WBDG: Life-Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA)
		LCCA is especially useful when project alternatives that fulfill the same performance requirements, but differ with respect to initial costs and operating costs, have to be compared in order to select the one that maximizes net savings.
		Costs are relevant when they are different for one alternative compared with another; costs are significant when they are large enough to make a credible difference in the LCC of a project alternative.
		All costs are entered as base-year amounts in today's dollars; the LCCA method escalates all amounts to their future year of occurrence and discounts them back to the base date to convert them to present values.
	www.wbdg.org /design/lcca.php (3872 words)

	Life Cycle Costing
		For instance, the cost of a gallon of diesel fuel may be known; the cost of storing the fuel at the site may be estimated with reasonable confidence; but, the cost of pollution caused by the generator may require an educated guess.
		This cost is always considered as a single payment occurring in the initial year of the project, regardless of how the project is financed.
		If the cost of diesel fuel was expected to rise 1 percent faster than the general inflation rate, then a discount rate of 4 percent would be used for calculating the present worth of future fuel costs.
	www.sandia.gov /pv/docs/LCcost.htm (1420 words)

	Life Cycle Cost Analyses
		A life cycle cost analysis involves the analysis of the costs of a system or a component over its entire life span.
		With respect to the cost inputs for such an analysis, the costs involved are either deterministic (such as acquisition costs, disposal costs etc.) or probabilistic (such as cost of failures, repairs, spares, downtime, etc.).
		The estimations of the associated probabilistic costs is the challenging aspect of LCC analysis.
	www.weibull.com /SystemRelWeb/life_cycle_cost_analyses.htm (436 words)

	Stainless Steel - Life Cycle Costing
		Life Cycle Cost (LCC) analysis is a means of quantifying the choice of materials for a product or construction, with the aim of selection of the most economic alternative.
		The negative Replacement Costs for the two stainless steel alternatives reflect the expected significant residual scrap value of the metal at the end of 20 years, discounted from the initial material costs because it is a deferred income.
		The assumption was that the 304 and 2205 would both survive for the full twenty years; from the sensitivity analysis it is apparent that if the 304 fails before this time (possibly due to its lower pitting corrosion resistance compared to the 2205), the 2205 duplex stainless steel becomes by far the cheapest option.
	www.azom.com /details.asp?ArticleID=1257 (1067 words)

	NCEF Resource List: Life Cycle Cost Estimating for School Facilities (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Life cycle cost analysis is an economic analysis method of project alternative evaluation in which all ownership costs are considered.
		Life cycle cost is defined as the total discounted dollar cost of owning, operating, maintaining, and disposing of a building or a building system over a period of time.
		Compares the life cycle approach for campus building repair and renovation to the University of California's comprehensive building maintenance formula and advises that formulas be used cautiously as a method of determining appropriate budget levels.
	www.edfacilities.org /rl/lifecycle.cfm (7156 words)

	Life Cycle Cost Analysis
		Rather than considering initial costs only and assuming that the equipment or material will perform well throughout the plant life, chemical engineers are beginning to consistently look at the "overall" big picture.
		These are the sort of scenarios that life cycle cost analysis is designed to prevent because the cost associated with changing design specifications is often significant.
		Life cycle cost analysis cn be further explained by the following EXAMPLE.
	www.cheresources.com /costzz.shtml (345 words)

	Models Developed for the Total System Life-Cycle Cost Analysis
		The total system life-cycle cost analysis for the DOE Civilian Radioactive Waste Management Program is an ongoing activity that determines whether the revenue-producing mechanism established by the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982-a fee levied on the producers of nuclear power-is sufficient to cover the cost of the program.
		The models used for total-system cost analysis consist of a series of computer programs operating in both mainframe and microcomputer environments, which are integrated through a file management system.
		Separate computer programs have been designed for the major cost components of the waste management system; each program is structured to accommodate the best available data and the most recent design information relevant to performing the cost analysis.
	www.p2pays.org /ref/01/00047/7-08.htm (714 words)

	Life_Cycle_Cost_Example
		The costs referenced in the examples would be completely inappropriate for a single (custom home) installation, as the cost is based on a subdivision, and reflects the savings associated with a large number of installations.
		The replacement costs for the active solar water heater are included under "maintenance costs," and the tank replacement cost is the cost to replace the electric water heater (which doubles as solar storage).
		The fuel costs used for the example are forecasted rates for 1995, based on 1993 as the reference year (the average data for 1995 was not available at the time).
	www.theenergyguy.com /lifecyclecost.html (6140 words)

	Life Cycle Cost Analysis
		Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCA) estimates the true cost of a building, or its components over its anticipated lifetime.
		Energy and maintenance costs are to be estimated on an annual basis and should be subject to an annual escalation rate to account for market uncertainties.
		Both estimated construction costs, and a net present value (NPV) of capital plus energy and OandM costs will be calculated for the expected life of the equipment/system.
	www.mass.gov /cam/statewide/sw-sustain03.html (225 words)

	Life Cycle Cost Training is a 2-day course merging how things die with their repair/replacement costs to find the ...
		Life Cycle Cost Training is a 2-day course merging how things die with their repair/replacement costs to find the lowest long term cost of ownership
		LCC are summations of cost estimates from inception to disposal for both equipment and projects as determined by an analytical study and estimate of total costs experienced during their life.
		The objective of LCC analysis is to choose the most cost-effective approach from a series of alternatives so the least long-term cost of ownership is achieved.
	www.barringer1.com /lcctrng.htm (978 words)

	Life-Cycle Cost Analysis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Life-cycle cost (LCC) analysis is the most rational, objective method for selecting the optimum HVAC system for a laboratory facility.
		A life-cycle cost analysis does not need to be extremely complex to yield reasonably accurate figures for first and operational costs.
		One approach to simplifying life-cycle cost analysis is to convert facility operating costs to an equivalent annual expense per fume hood.
	ateam.lbl.gov /Design-Guide/DGHtm/life.cyclecostanalysis.htm (401 words)

	RSMeans
		Cost modeling enables clients with extensive building inventory to quickly estimate the costs and variations at any location in the U.S. and Canada.
		Cost analysis is the keystone of executive decision-making across the cost continuum, from inception to design and development, to management, renovation and maintenance.
		Life cycle analysis studies address typical first-time and second-time costs of capital construction and maintenance respectively, as well as longer range operating and replacement costs.
	www.rsmeans.com /consulting (1890 words)

	LIFE CYCLE COST ANALYSIS FOR SANITARY SEWER SYSTEM
		The cost of manholes and pipelines is dependent not only on the size of the conveyance system, but also the depth at which it is laid out.
		Multiple regression analysis is performed and correlation is developed between various factors while developing the model, which can best estimate the capital cost of a Wastewater system.
		Default cost data is provided in the model but the user can input relevant data specific to the location.
	gem1.cive.uh.edu /content/conf_exhib/02_poster/9.html (624 words)

	Elite Software - LIFE / EZLCCID Program - Multi-Phased Life Cycle Cost Analysis
		LIFE is a very general economic analysis program in that both energy and non-energy related projects can be analyzed.
		Many of the reports list the life cycle costs in tabular form such that the total life cycle cost can be easily verified.
		Elite's DOS software application LIFE is compatible with all Windows Operating Systems.(Windows 95, 98, ME, NT 4.0, 2000, and XP) The minimum hardware requirements to run our application are the same as the minimum hardware requirements to run the operating system which the application is installed on click here for details.
	www.elitesoft.com /web/hvacr/elite_life_info.html (630 words)

	Portland City Commissioner Sam Adams: Tram Life Cycle Cost Analysis
		Life cycle cost analysis is a tool used to determine the total costs of design options to facilitate decision making.
		In today’s dollars the annual life cycle cost of the tram is estimated at $2,735,200 of which the City’s share is $409,280.
		If the 50 year life cycle had been publicly aired prior to the decision being made to build the tram, maybe this expensive boondoggle would not have gone forward.
	www.commissionersam.com /sam_adams/2006/06/tram_life_cycle.html (2552 words)

	Life Cycle Cost Analysis - LCC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Life Cycle Cost (LCC) analysis is a method of analyzing the cost of a system or a product over its entire lifespan.
		The objective of performing a LCC analysis should be to choose the most cost-effective approach for using available resources over the entire lifespan of the product or system.
		It can be used to support trade-off analysis between several product design configurations, or as a measure of sensitivity of a specific product design to changes in selected performance parameters (such as reliability, maintainability, and testability).
	www.life-cycle-cost.com (301 words)

	Federal Energy Management Program: Building Life-Cycle Cost (BLCC) Programs
		The Building Life-Cycle Cost Program BLCC 5.3-06 is a program developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to provide computational support for the analysis of capital investments in buildings.
		The life-cycle cost (LCC) of two or more alternative designs are computed and compared to determine which has the lowest LCC and is therefore more economical in the long run.
		The requirements for this multiple analysis are: (1) all of the alternatives must be evaluated in the same LCC context (i.e., using the same study period, service date, and discount rate); and (2) projects must be (approximately) functionally independent.
	www1.eere.energy.gov /femp/information/download_blcc.html (1715 words)

	September 2006 Focus - FHWA Offers Life-Cycle Cost Analysis Resources
		LCCA is a process for evaluating competing design alternatives by analyzing initial costs and discounted future costs over the life of the project segment, including preservation, maintenance, user, and rehabilitation costs.
		LCCA is a process for evaluating competing design alternatives by analyzing initial costs and discounted future costs over the life of the project segment.
		This workshop is currently being developed by the LCCA team to familiarize States with the RealCost LCCA software and its recent enhancements, as well as detail lessons learned from States who have implemented LCCA and strategies for identifying and locating data needed for an LCCA.
	www.tfhrc.gov /focus/sep06/03.htm (908 words)

	LCC, Life Cycle Cost Analysis, LCC Software - Relex Software
		By factoring in frequently overlooked items, such as cost of part failures and repairs, life cycle cost tools endeavor to provide a picture of true cost over the life of your product.
		Relex Life Cycle Cost relies on a set of customizable variables which are used in your defined equations to compute overall cost.
		Life cycle cost variables can also be linked to data from your other Relex Architect modules for expanded analysis capabilities.
	www.relex.com /products/lcc.asp (705 words)

	Energy Life Cycle Cost Analysis
		Energy life cycle cost analysis (ELCCA) is a decision-making tool for building owners and designers.
		For each alternative, first costs and maintenance costs are calculated, and along with the energy costs, are input to the ELCCA spreadsheet.
		The Guidelines seek to have public buildings consider the attainment of a high level of energy performance, requiring the analysis of a design that attains at least 4 LEED points in the Optimize Energy Performance Category.
	www.ga.wa.gov /eas/elcca/home.html (363 words)

	Life Cycle Cost Analysis
		For the purpose of this article, it is sufficient to say that if you have all of the required cost values (inputs), then a complete LCC analysis can be performed easily in a spreadsheet, since it really involves summations of costs and perhaps some computations involving interest rates.
		BlockSim can be used to obtain such costs.
		The total costs from the summary are $121,338.
	www.weibull.com /hotwire/issue47/hottopics47.htm (407 words)

	Federal Energy Management Program: Life-Cycle Cost Analysis
		Life-cycle cost analysis rules are promulgated in 10 CFR 436 A, Life Cycle Cost Methodology and Procedures and conforms to requirements in the Federal Energy Management Improvement Act of 1988 and subsequent energy conservation legislation as well as Executive Order 13123 (PDF 103 KB, 12 pp).
		FEMP's Building Life-Cycle Cost (BLCC) software programs can help you calculate life-cycle costs, net savings, savings-to-investment ratio, internal rate of return, and payback period for Federal energy and water conservation projects funded by agencies or alternatively financed.
		Handbook 135, Life-Cycle Costing Manual for the Federal Energy Management Program (PDF 9.21 MB, 222 pp), is a guide to understanding the LCC methods and criteria FEMP established for evaluating the economics of energy and water conservation and renewable energy projects at Federal facilities.
	www1.eere.energy.gov /femp/program/lifecycle.html (414 words)

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