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	Life peer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Nowadays, life peerages, always of baronial rank, are created under the Life Peerages Act 1958 and carry with them, presuming the recipient meets qualifications such as age and citizenship, seats in the House of Lords.
		Life peers were to be chosen from senior judges, civil servants, senior officers of the British Army or Royal Navy, members of the House of Commons who had served for at least ten years, scientists, writers, artists, peers of Scotland and peers of Ireland.
		A peer created under the Life Peerages Act has the right to sit in the House of Lords, provided he is twenty-one years of age, is not suffering punishment upon conviction for treason and is a citizen of the United Kingdom, of the Republic of Ireland or of a member of the Commonwealth of Nations.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Life_peer (2320 words)

	Peerage - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The only remaining peerage with associated lands controlled by the holder is the Duchy of Cornwall, which is associated with the Dukedom of Cornwall, a dukedom held by the eldest son and heir to the Sovereign.
		Life peers created under the Appellate Jurisdiction Act are known as "lords of Appeal in Ordinary." They perform the judicial functions of the House of Lords and serve on the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council.
		While life peerages were often created in the early days of the Peerage, their regular creation was not provided for under an Act of Parliament until 1876, with the passage of the.
	www.sterlingheights.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Peerage (2365 words)

	Life peer
		In 1869, a more comprehensive life peerages bill was brought by John Russell, 1st Earl Russell.
		To be appointed a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary under the Appellate Jurisdiction Act, an individual must have been a practising barrister for a period of fifteen years or must have held a high judicial office—Lord Chancellor, or judge of the Court of Appeal, High Court or Court of Session—for a period of two years.
		Life Peerages have been granted to Speakers of the House of Commons upon retirement; some, such as George Thomas, have become viscounts.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/l/li/life_peer_1.html (2082 words)

	PEERAGE FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Sovereign him or herself cannot belong to the Peerage as "the fountain and source of all dignities cannot hold a dignity from himself" (opinion of the House of Lords in the ''Buckhurst_Peerage_Case'').
		There are various parts to the Peerage which convey slightly different benefits: the Peerage_of_England pertains to all titles created by the Kings and Queens of England prior to the Act of Union in 1707.
		While life peerages were often created in the early days of the Peerage, their regular creation was not provided for under an Act of Parliament until 1876, with the passage of the Appellate_Jurisdiction_Act.
	www.flowergods.com /Peerage (2249 words)

	House of Lords
		The Peerage Act 1963 allowed hereditary peeresses and all Scottish peers to be members of the House, and allowed hereditary peerages to be disclaimed for life.
		On 1st November 1999, the House of Lords was composed of 759 hereditary peers, 26 Archbishops and Bishops of the Church of England, and the 545 life peers created by either the Appellate Jurisdiction Act 1876 or the Life Peerages Act 1958.
		On November 2, 1999 10 hereditary peers were given life peerages (six former Leaders of the House and four holders of peerages of the first creation).
	www.askfactmaster.com /House_of_Lords (3078 words)

	The Peerage - Life Barons
		Life peerages had been granted for centuries, usually to women, until the Life Peerage Act of 1958 allowed the regular creation of non-hereditary peerages.
		A life peerage offers all of the privileges of a hereditary degree to the recipient, including a seat in the House of Lords; the most significant differences being that hereditary Lords are now denied an automatic seat in the House of Lords and a Life Peer's title is not passed on to the recipient's descendants.
		The Life Peer's children are allowed the same courtesy form of address (The Honourable John Smith) as if their parent's peerage was hereditary.
	hereditarytitles.com /Page28.html (211 words)

	Peerage - Pictures (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Sovereign him or herself cannot belong to the Peerage as "the fountain and source of all dignities cannot hold a dignity from himself" (opinion of the House of Lords in the Buckhurst Peerage Case).
		The Peerage of Ireland includes titles created for the Kingdom of Ireland before the Act of Union of 1801, and some titles created after that year, while the Peerage of Great Britain pertains to titles created for the Kingdom of Great Britain between 1707 and 1801.
		A further important change occurred in 1999, when hereditary peers were stripped of their automatic right to sit in the Lords, with ninety-two peers—the holders of the ceremonial offices of Lord Great Chamberlain and Earl Marshal, along with ninety peers elected by other hereditaries—being retained temporarily until the completion of the reforms.
	greatestinfo.org /Peerage (1908 words)

	Middle class - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This was because of the increasingly eclectic background of new creations, most of which were politically driven by the so-called middle class, and the declining power of the House of Lords relative to the House of Commons after the Parliament Act 1911.
		So far as the hereditary element of class was concerned, the titled upper class became less numerous because of the near-cessation of new hereditary creations after the Life Peerages Act 1958.
		This was coupled with the natural rate of extinction of existing hereditary titles and the near-abolition of the hereditary element of the House of Lords at the end of the twentieth century.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Middle_class (1345 words)

	BRITISH NOBILITY
		Until the House of Lords Act of 1999, succession to the disclaimed peerage was not accelerated (that is, the oldest son does not get the peerage as soon as his father has disclaimed it), nor was it diverted (to a brother or cousin, for instance).
		The usual phrase in hereditary peerages (not life peerages) is something which means "and the heirs male of his body legitimately born".
		Peerage law determines what is meant by "heirs male", "of his body", and "legitimately born", but doesn't affect the devolution of the peerage as defined in the patent.
	www.freewebs.com /peerage/nobleinfo.htm (1909 words)

	Peerage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		There are various parts to the Peerage which convey slightly different benefits: the Peerage of England pertains to all titles created by the Kings and Queens of England prior to the Act of Union 1707Act of Union in 1707.
		The Peerage of Ireland includes titles created for the Kingdom of Ireland before the Act of Union 1800Act of Union of 1801, and some titles created after that year, whilst the Peerage of Great Britain pertains to titles created for the Kingdom of Great Britain between 1707 and 1801.
		The only remaining peerage with associated lands controlled by the holder is the Duke of CornwallDuchy of Cornwall/, which is associated with the Dukedom of Cornwall, a dukedom held by the eldest son and heir to the Sovereign.
	www.infothis.com /find/Peerage (2569 words)

	Britannia: Monarchs of Britain
		In most hereditary peerages, the title is passed on to a peer's oldest son, or, in the absence of a son, to his closest male heir.
		Life peerages are created each year by the monarch for distinguished persons.
		Life peers hold the rank only for their own lives, and as such, the titles do not pass on to their children.
	britannia.com /history/monarchs (268 words)

	Paul James column
		The spiritual peerage consists of the archbishops and diocesan bishops of the Church of England.
		Peerages could be created simply by means of a Writ of Summons to attend the House of Lords, although this method of creation has not been used since the 15th century.
		Life peerages could be conferred on women too, giving them their first representation in the upper house.
	www.etoile.co.uk /Columns/Paul/041128.html (1350 words)

	Hereditary Peerages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Peerages by writ are almost all baronies, because none of the other titles were invented then (except earls, which then were exclusively sons or cousins of the sovereign).
		The second way a peerage can become extinct is indirectly, when the current title-holder dies, and there is no heir who can trace a direct descent from the first peer and is eligible to inherit it according to the terms of the original creation.
		When a peerage becomes extinct, it reverts to the crown, and the crown can, if it so chooses, bestow the title anew on a member of a different family (either another branch of the original clan, or a totally different and unconnected family).
	www.hmsrichmond.org /avast/titles03.html (1668 words)

	Guardian \| Dismay as Snowdon stays in Lords
		The row was sparked last night as Downing Street announced that the earl would be one of 10 hereditaries to be given life peerages, allowing them to remain in the Lords after hundreds of hereditaries are removed later this month.
		The new life peers include the former Tory cabinet minister, Viscount Cranborne, who was sacked by William Hague last year as the Tory leader of the Lords after he brokered a deal with Downing Street to save 92 hereditary peers.
		The inclusion of the Earl of Snowdon raised eyebrows yesterday because life peerages were meant to be offered to hereditaries who have made a distinguished contribution to the Lords.
	www.guardian.co.uk /print/0,3858,3925033-107225,00.html (612 words)

	Peerage Basics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The higher the rank, the more likely it is that the peer holds several peerages, which may be distributed throughout the five peerages, depending upon their dates of creation.
		Women were not allowed a seat in the House of Lords, even if they held a peerage in their own right, until the 1963 Peerage Act granted them that right.
		Nonetheless, before then they held all of the other privileges which attended their specific peerage, although often if the peerage carried with it some special office, the office would be fulfilled by the peeress's husband.
	www.hmsrichmond.org /avast/titles02.html (1031 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search View - Nobility
		The Life Peerages Act of 1958 gave the Crown the right to create other life peers besides judges, and about ten are now created each year.
		All life peers are appointed to the House of Lords, where members review legislation passed by the House of Commons and serve as Britain's highest court of appeals.
		Article I, Section 9, of the Constitution of the United States specifies that no title of nobility shall be granted by the United States, and in addition it forbids any person holding government office from accepting any such title from a foreign ruler without the express consent of Congress.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761572584__1/Nobility.html (732 words)

	British Titles of Nobility (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The English Peerage, or, a View of the Ancient and Present State of the English Nobility.
		The Present Peerage of the United Kingdom for the Year 1818, with the Arms of the Peers.
		This she will not do until there is no question regarding the inheritance of the peerage and the peer is of age.
	www.chinet.com /~laura/html/titles01.html (1122 words)

	Constitutional Matters - The Merit of Life Peers
		Baroness Jay, the new Leader of the House of Lords, wanted life peers "to be stripped of their aristocratic titles".
		The Countess of Mar, holder of what is now the most ancient peerage title, Lord Whitelaw, holder of what was the youngest hereditary peerage title, one created for him, and Lord Cranborne, who was summoned in his father's barony, represent three aspects of the hereditary peerage.
		The ability of an eldest son to be summoned to sit in the House of Lords in right of his father's barony is ancient, dating at least from Thomas Fitz Alan, eldest son of William, Earl of Arundel, summoned as Lord Arundel de Mautravers in 1482.
	www.baronage.co.uk /bphtm-01/const-03.html (1146 words)

	Hereditary Peerages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Most peerages are hereditary, meaning that they pass on from father to son, or to another heir.
		A peerage passes from father to son, but sometimes a peer dies without a son to succeed him.
		A writ entitled the peerage to pass to the "heirs general," not the "heirs male" as specified in almost all Letters Patent peerages.
	www.chinet.com /~laura/html/titles03.html (1724 words)

	Life Peerages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		This was the result of much disgust with the way hereditary peerages had been passed out in the previous forty years.
		However, the Privileges Committee of the House of Lords decided that this life peerage did not entitle Lord Wensleydale to sit in the House.
		Of course, a life peerage granted to a woman carried with it no seat in the House of Lords.
	laura.chinet.com /html/titles04.html (240 words)

	[No title]
		The British peerage is possibly the best documented group of lives in history.
		life peerage was announced on 31 Dec 1991, but she died on 16 Jan 1992.
		was granted a life peerage as Baron Pakenham of Cowley on 16 Nov 1999,at
	www.angeltowns.com /town/peerage/02peerage-records.htm (615 words)

	Mrs Beckett and Mr Benn
		The first lady to be created an English life peer was Margaret, Countess of Norfolk, who was created Duchess of Norfolk for life in 1397.
		Life peerages were created also in the Scots Peerage.
		The Government has not yet made a persuasive case for the abolition of the rights of the hereditary peers in advance of the creation of a credible and trustworthy alternative, and it will most assuredly never do so until ministers and mavericks are willing to study the issues over which they wish to trample.
	www.baronage.co.uk /bphtm-01/const-08.html (941 words)

	Life peer biography .ms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Life Peerages have been granted to Speakers of the House of Commons upon retirement (as well as, occasionally, hereditary peerages in the form of viscounties).
		Many Prime Ministers, including Sir Alec Douglas-Home, Harold Wilson, James Callaghan and Margaret Thatcher, have been created life peers following their retirement from the House of Commons.
		Neither Edward Heath nor John Major has been made a peer, while two Prime Ministers —Anthony Eden and Harold Macmillan— were given hereditary titles as Lord Avon and Lord Stockton.
	life-peer.biography.ms (2109 words)

	Richard III Society-Fifteenth Century Life: Nobility: Keeping Them Straight?
		Baronies by writ, the only other kind of hereditary English peerage, had no terms of creation, the passing to females is a development of the law.
		Most life peerages are created however, under the Life Peerage Act of 1958.
		This Act allowed the government to grant life peerages to men and women, allowing all the rights of a hereditary peerage, and including, a writ of summons to attend, sit, and vote in the House of Lords.
	www.r3.org /life/medmisc/nobnew.html (2644 words)

	Malcolm Bull's Calderdale Companion: Foldout (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		If a peer dies leaving a wife but no son, time must be allowed to be sure she is not pregnant before the heir presumptive assumes the title.
		In 1887, legislation conferred life peerages on all present and former lords of appeal.
		The Life Peerages Act of 1958 allowed for the creation of life peerages, with the right to sit and vote in the House of Lords, for both men and women.
	members.aol.com /calderdale/kk_787.html (201 words)

	Life Peerages Act 1958 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		(1) Without prejudice to Her Majesty's powers as to the appointment of Lords of Appeal in Ordinary, Her Majesty shall have power by letters patent to confer on any person a peerage for life having the incidents specified in subsection (2) of this section.
		(3) A life peerage may be conferred under this section on a woman.
		This Act may be cited as the Life Peerages Act 1958.
	home.freeuk.net /don-aitken/peer58.htm (207 words)

	Forms of Address - Events - DeskDemon.com UK 2005
		In most hereditary Peerages, the title passes on to a Peer's oldest son, or to his closest male heir if the Peer has no son (the other children are considered commoners).
		Life peerages are created each year and hold the rank for their own lives only; the titles do not pass on to their children.
		Both men and women may be granted life peerages, and the titles given to them are baron and baroness.
	www.deskdemon.com /pages/uk/events/formsofaddress (1027 words)

	[No title]
		The largest group in the House of Lords are Life Peers appointed for life under the Life Peerages Act
		On November 2, 1999 10 hereditary peers were given life peerages (six former
		March 2000 seven hereditary peers who had not been elected were included in a list of 33 new life peers and allowed to retake their seat in the Lords.
	en-cyclopedia.com /wiki/House_of_Lords (2950 words)

	Cracroft's Peerage - Main Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		While modern sociologists might condemn the whole concept of peerage as being an abuse of privilege and class, it is impossible to study the history and heritage of the British Isles without taking into consideration the contribution of this remarkable group of people.
		There have also been about 1,130 life peerages created in the last one hundred and thirty years, of which 595 are currently sitting in the House of Lords.
		Burke's Peerage and Gentry LLC have recently announced that the 107th edition of Burke's Peerage, Baronetage and Knightage will be the last edition to be available in a paper format.
	www.cracroftspeerage.co.uk (1015 words)

	Report of the Select Committee on the House of Lords together with the proceedings of the Committee and appendix
		The Committee accepted the principle of qualification, and made proposals for the representation of the hereditary Peerage and for life Peerages.
		The Crown should be empowered to summon annually as Lords of Parliament four Peers for life, three of whom should have held high office, but the total number of life Peerages existing at any one time should not exceed forty.
		To these must be added a possible annual increment of 4 Peers for life, up to the number of 40, thus bringing the total number of the House to something under 400'.
	www.bopcris.ac.uk /bopall/ref6893.html (514 words)

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