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	Liga Filipina: History
		Liga Filipina was first established in the fall semester of 1992.
		It consisted of a few Filipinos trying to educated the Albany community about the Filipino culture as well as issues concerning Filipinos and Filipino Americans.
		Liga Filipina continues to grow today and continues to educate the community about Filipino history and culture.
	www.albany.edu /~liga/history.html (97 words)

	Filipino Americans
		The decline in the number of Filipinos during the late 1930s is attributable to the return of many to the Philippines during the Depression years and to others seeking greener pastures on the West Coast.
		Filipino Americans came from a society where families, composed of paternal and maternal relatives, were the center of their lives.
		Filipinos have organized community groups representing a wide range of concerns, but the tendency to fragment has made it difficult to present a common front on issues of mutual concern.
	www.everyculture.com /multi/Du-Ha/Filipino-Americans.html (10486 words)

	Anz Forever Love \| The Greatest Website by the Power of Love
		Aguinaldo led the Filipino resistance against the Americans, and was president and primary Filipino general throughout the war.
		Filipino support for Aguinaldo was widespread, and he was rumored to have a spiritual force which protected him from knifes and bullets.
		When the Filipino American war broke out on February 4, 1899, he desired to come home and join the Filipino army but he died of a heart attack in Hongkong on December 7, 1899.
	www.freewebs.com /antonio0134_2 (1123 words)

	filipino legends (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Aguinaldo led the Filipino resistance against the Americans, and was president and primary Filipino general throughout the war.
		Filipino support for Aguinaldo was widespread, and he was rumored to have a spiritual force which protected him from knifes and bullets.
		When the Filipino American war broke out on February 4, 1899, he desired to come home and join the Filipino army but he died of a heart attack in Hongkong on December 7, 1899.
	www.alibata.org /legends/legends.html (1005 words)

	YourArt.com >> Encyclopedia >> Katipunan (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Katipunan founders Andres Bonifacio, Ladislao Diwa and Teodoro Plata were all members of La Liga and were influenced by the nationalistic ideals of the Propaganda Movement in Spain.
		Marcelo del Pilar, another leader of the Propaganda Movement in Spain, also influenced the formation of the Katipunan and historians believe he had a direct hand in its organization because of his role in the Propaganda Movement and his eminent position in Philippine Masonry.
		The Filipino scholar Maximo Kalaw reports that Basa yielded the presidency to Bonifacio, who was then called Supremo, in 1894 because of a dispute over the usefulness of the initiation rites and Bonifacio's handling of the society's funds.
	www.yourart.com /research/encyclopedia.cgi?subject=/Katipunan (2848 words)

	[No title]
		It is the burning ambition of every Filipino to be himself; to be his own man; to be a person in his own right; to make up his own mind; to do his thing.
		Most Filipinos have never heard of Aristotle, but they would certainly agree with his dictum that the man who lives alone - Rousseau's "noble savage", in fact - is not a man at all, but either a beast or a god.
		Filipinos are congenitally disputatious, but it is not impossible for a reasonable agreement to result from their disputes.
	www.stanford.edu /~calliope/pub/misc/pinoy.trad (3240 words)

	Guest - Friday, October 20, 2006
		For example, Filipino troops from the Tagalog provinces were used to suppress a revolt in the Ilocos, and a Visayan revolt was suppressed using troops from Pampanga province.
		On the external side, the Filipino archipelago was opened to foreign trade during the mid-19th century, an opening aided further by the launch of the Suez Canal in 1869.
		The Filipino flag and anthem were displayed and played, respectively, for the first time.
	wikyblog.com /Guest/Friday,_October_20,_2006 (3692 words)

	Los Indios Bravos \| The Filipino Solidarity Project (Site not responding. Last check: )
		During the decade that followed, Rizal's career spanned two worlds: Among small communities of Filipino students in Madrid and other European cities, he became a leader and eloquent spokesman, and in the wider world of European science and scholarship--particularly in Germany--he formed close relationships with prominent natural and social scientists.
		His greatest impact on the development of a Filipino national consciousness, however, was his publication of two novels--Noli Me Tangere (Touch me not) in 1886 and El Filibusterismo (The reign of greed) in 1891.
		An attempt was made to reestablish the Liga Filipina, but the national movement had become split between ilustrado advocates of reform and peaceful evolution (the compromisarios, or compromisers) and a plebeian constituency that wanted revolution and national independence.
	www.los-indios-bravos.com /english/eng_hist_09.html (800 words)

	Asian Journal Online
		Filipino at the time meant a criollo or an insular, that is, a Spaniard born in the Philippines as contrasted with Spaniards born in Spain and called Espa-oles or Peninsulares.
		Filipino had a derogatory ring to it, which was not as bad as being an indio, inchic, a Moro or a salvaje.
		By appropriating the term Filipino from Spaniards born in the Philippines and taking it to mean a native Filipino or indio, the act was subversive because the mother country ceases to be Spain but Filipinas.
	www.asianjournal.com /cgi-bin/view_info.cgi?code=00003247&category=OP (790 words)

	Masonry and Philippine Revolution....page 2
		He was bringing with him the Constitution and By-Laws of the Liga Filipina, a society which he intended to establish and which he hoped would unify the Filipinos and eventually lead to their emancipation from Spanish rule.
		In framing the structure of the Liga, Rizal followed the example set by the secret conspiratorial societies that mushroomed in Europe in the 18th and early 19th centuries.
		As reorganized, the Liga was governed by a Supreme Council and had under it Popular Councils which were established in each of the different districts of Manila.
	www.mastermason.com /urdaneta302/home_files/readings_files/revo-2.html (2629 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for liga
		Liga Systems Spotlights Hybrid Simulation Technology at DAC 2007 for Turbo Charging Performance at Dramatically Reduced Cost.
		Your observation that La Liga is of critical importance to the Near Westside...
		Liga began its comeback in the 17th minute with...
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=liga (1086 words)

	About Culture and Arts
		It read: "The Filipino people greet the Emperor of Japan and the entire Japanese nation, with the hope that the light of liberty in Japan will also shed its rays in the Philippines" Japan was not disposed to go to war against Spain in 1896-1897 just to uphold the rights of Filipinos.
		Filipinos should observe the date as National Day, if the 1896 Philippine Revolution and the Katipunan are to have any worth at all.
		And Filipinos should recognize Andres Bonifacio not only the founder of the Katipunan and leader of the revolution of 1896, but as the first Filipino president: the father of the nation and founder of our democracy.
	www.ncca.gov.ph /about_cultarts/articles.php?artcl_Id=5 (3509 words)

	Philippines - José Rizal and the Propaganda Movement
		During the decade that followed, Rizal's career spanned two worlds: Among small communities of Filipino students in Madrid and other European cities, he became a leader and eloquent spokesman, and in the wider world of European science and scholarship--particularly in Germany--he formed close relationships with prominent natural and social scientists.
		His greatest impact on the development of a Filipino national consciousness, however, was his publication of two novels--Noli Me Tangere (Touch me not) in 1886 and El Filibusterismo (The reign of greed) in 1891.
		An attempt was made to reestablish the Liga Filipina, but the national movement had become split between ilustrado advocates of reform and peaceful evolution (the compromisarios, or compromisers) and a plebeian constituency that wanted revolution and national independence.
	countrystudies.us /philippines/10.htm (754 words)

	Photo Gallery III
		It was the former exclusive socio-economic class of the creoles or Espanoles-Filipinos, Spaniards born in the Philippines who have developed a loyalty to the Philippines yet remained Spanish oriented by virtue of their Hispanized culture and background.
		The aims of the Liga were the following: 1) Unite the whole archipelago into one compact, vigorous and homogenous body; 2) Mutual protection in every want and necessity; 3) Defense against all violence and injustice; 4) Encouragement of instruction, agriculture and commerce; and 5) Study and application of reforms.
		The term "Filipino" was no longer the exclusive name for Espanoles-Filipinos, Spaniards born in the Philippines.
	alexmoises.tripod.com /id28.html (1240 words)

	Filipino nationalism at AllExperts
		The belated development of Filipino Nationalism was caused by the natives' tendency to be regionalistic.
		In fact, the term "Filipino" originally means Spaniards born in the Philippines and not the native inhabitants.
		The Filipino Nationalism that emerged after the Propaganda Movement and the Philippine Revolution was only limited to the people of Visayas to Luzon, and may be to some extent, northern portions of Mindanao.
	en.allexperts.com /e/f/fi/filipino_nationalism.htm (1352 words)

	:: Malaya - The National Newspaper ::
		But no, the "Filipino" movement rightfully belongs to the first wave of propagandists before the last two decades of the 18th century.
		Until Varela’s time, inhabitants of the islands were classified as: the Peninsulares (Spaniards who came to the islands), the Insulares (Spaniards born in the islands of pure Spanish ancestry), the Creoles (Spaniards of mixed parentage), and Indios (natives).
		The proclamation was the voice of the Filipino people—of past, present and future.
	www.malaya.com.ph /jun13/edjesus.htm (1100 words)

	Resources- Culture, Music, and History in the Philippines
		Animism was the religion of the early Filipino, a mixture of monotheism and polytheism in which the latter dominated.
		Filipino rebels had been numerous in the history of Spanish rule, but now for the first time they were inspired by nationalistic ambitions and possessed the education that made success a real possibility.
		This social and political history divided the Filipinos into classes where the "haves" reaped the nation's profits while the "have-nots" were left with little but their desperate desire for change.
	www.anthonians.org /res-cult.html (8194 words)

	philippines
		He was the King of Mactan Island and was known as the first Filipino hero.
		Secret meeting of the Katipuneros were held at her house, and she tended Filipinos who managed to escape by dressing their wounds, feeding them, and hiding them from the Spaniards.
		In reality, he depicted the injustices Filipinos suffered in the hands of the Spaniards, and the evils that beset them during the Spanish regime.
	www.philconnect.com /heroes.html (793 words)

	José Rizal and the Propaganda Movement \| Bansa.org (Site not responding. Last check: )
		During the decade that followed, Rizal's career spanned two worlds: Among small communities of Filipino students in Madrid and other European cities, he became a leader and eloquent spokesman, and in the wider world of European science and scholarship--particularly in Germany--he formed close relationships with prominent natural and social scientists.
		His greatest impact on the development of a Filipino national consciousness, however, was his publication of two novels--Noli Me Tangere (Touch me not) in 1886 and El Filibusterismo (The reign of greed) in 1891.
		An attempt was made to reestablish the Liga Filipina, but the national movement had become split between ilustrado advocates of reform and peaceful evolution (the compromisarios, or compromisers) and a plebeian constituency that wanted revolution and national independence.
	www.bansa.org /history/spanishdecline/propaganda (778 words)

	COMELEC: Local Government Code (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The municipal and city chapters of the liga shall be composed of the Barangay representatives of municipal and city Barangays, respectively.
		A Secretary-general shall be elected from among the members of the national liga and shall be charged with the overall operation of the liga on the national level.
		They shall serve as such only during their term of office as presidents of the liga chapters, which in no case shall be beyond the term of office of the sanggunian concerned.
	www.comelec.gov.ph /laws/lgc_b3t6ch1a1.html (497 words)

	Katipunan-Andres Bonifacio
		The hero of the Filipino Revolution and founder of the Katipunan, Andres Bonifacio was born in Manila, in 1863.
		When the original Filipino hero Jose Rizal began the Liga Filipina in 1892, Andres was one of the first to join.
		Filipino war hero Andres Bonifacio was executed under the orders of Emilio Aguinaldo on May 10, 1897.
	library.thinkquest.org /05aug/00158/andresbonifaco.html (195 words)

	Miguel Malvar
		By the mid-1880's, discontent among the Filipinos resulted in organized movements for reform.
		It is clear that when the Liga dissolved most of its members reorganized into other societies, many into the secret society of the Katipunan.
		He understood that it was essential to maintain favorable relations with the civilians because his army's success depended on their help.
	www.bibingka.com /phg/malvar/default.htm (1682 words)

	liga filipina politician philippines jose rizal
		The aims of the Liga were to be carried out through the creation of a governing body composed of the Supreme Council, the Provincial Council, and the Popular Council.
		With Rizal deported to Dapitan, the Liga languished for a while until, through the efforts of Domingo Franco and Andres Bonifacio, it was reorganized.
		The supreme council, which was more of an organizing committee because its members had not been elected by vote, saw clearly that, as soon as the rank and file elected their leaders according to the by-laws, the program, would be changed.
	www.jose-rizal.eu /ligafilipinae.html (874 words)

	PinoyOnBoard.com - Reinventing the Filipino Presence in America
		I have dubbed Alfred “the Filipino philosopher of Bay County (Florida).” He is the president of the Asian-American Coalition of Bay County.
		Because New Mexico is 42.1% Latino in population and Filipinos have the Hispanic heritage.
		While it is true that Filipino Americans earn in excess of an estimated $30-billion (spelled with a “B”), some of their senior citizens, especially the World War II veterans, live on the so-called SSI (welfare) allotments from the Social Security Administration.
	www.pinoyonboard.com /2004/0118_reinvent.html (3575 words)

	America Magazine Rizal Article
		He asked his people to search their past and to think of what they had been before the Spaniards destroyed much of what was good in Philippine culture, restricted trade and industry, and racially reduced the population through conscription of the men to fight Spanish wars.
		The Filipino people, he said, must be worthy of their liberties and prepare themselves for independence, principally through education and moral regeneration.
		In June 1892, entrusting to a friend a letter for the Filipinos to be opened in case of his death, he left Hong Kong for Manila.
	pages.prodigy.net /manila_girl/rizal/ammag.htm (2559 words)

	INQUIRER.net
		In fact if Liga, which is also under the auspices of the SBP-BAP should extend assistance to the school tournaments, such as improving the coaching staff, officiating, even marketing of games.
		Liga should look at these schools as farm teams where they could later harvest talents.
		I am sure though that Liga Pilipinas would already have these things in their mind, especially with Noli Eala at its helm.
	services.inquirer.net /mobile/07/11/06/html_output/xmlhtml/20071106-99197-xml.html (671 words)

	Pilipino Section :: Filipiniana :: emanila
		La Liga Filipina was a peaceful group that did not believe in violence.
		Today the Filipino nation honors Andres Bonifacio as the "Father of the Philippine Revolution." He was a leader who believed that the common could be organized and put into action.
		As a student of history, Rizal honestly believed that the Filipino people were not yet ready for an armed struggle in 1896.
	www.emanila.com /pilipino/history/index.php?subaction=showfull&id=1101604223&archive=&start_from=&ucat=2& (3749 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Katipunan ideology was a combination of nationalism and egalitarianism: nationalist, because it sought the Filipinos' freedom from the Spanish oppressor and egalitarian, because it believed in the equality of humankind.
		It did not matter to the Katipunan whether a katipunero/katipunera was male or female, lower class or middle class, as long as he or she adhered to the Katipunan's ideals outlined in the Kartilya ng Katipunan.
		The Filipino scholar Maximo Kalaw reports that Basa yielded the presidency to Bonifacio, who was then called Supremo, in 1894 because of a dispute over the usefulness of the initiation rites and Bonifacio's handling of the society's funds.
	stron.frm.pl /wiki.php?title=Katipunan (2881 words)

	YourArt.com >> Encyclopedia >> barangay (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A barangay (Tagalog: baranggay, pronounced as 'ba-rang-gai', gai as in guy), also known by its former name, the barrio, is the smallest local government unit in the Philippines and is the native Filipino term for a village, district or ward.
		In place names barangay is sometimes abbreviated as "Brgy" or "Bgy".
		There exists a union of barangays in the Philippines: the Liga ng mga Barangay (English: League of Barangays).
	www.yourart.com /research/encyclopedia.cgi?subject=/barangay (546 words)

	Rizal as the First Filipino - Jun. 19, 2003
		La Liga Filipina was the first organization in Philippine history to "unite the whole archipelago" and create a "compact and homogenous" society of the old tribal communities from the northern Batanes islands to the southern Sulu archipelago, based on common interests and "mutual protection."
		Many historians peg the birth of Filipino nationalism to the secular priests Burgos, Gomez and Zamora, who demanded that friar-controlled parishes be placed in the hands of native priests.
		The intellectuals of that generation, who shared the fate of the priests, were equally oblivious of the concept of a Filipino nation.
	www.inq7.net /nat/2003/jun/19/nat_8-1.htm (806 words)

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