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Topic: Ligamentum arteriosum

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	VI. The Arteries. 2. The Aorta. Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body.
		Below are the bifurcation of the pulmonary artery, the left bronchus, the ligamentum arteriosum, the superficial part of the cardiac plexus, and the left recurrent nerve.
		As already stated, the ligamentum arteriosum connects the commencement of the left pulmonary artery to the aortic arch.
		According to Bonnet 96 this coarctation is never found in the fetus or at birth, and is due to an abnormal extension of the peculiar tissue of the ductus into the aortic wall, which gives rise to a simultaneous stenosis of both vessels as it contracts after birth—the ductus is usually obliterated in these cases.
	www.bartleby.com /107/142.html (1876 words)

	Gazi Tıp Fakültesi - Gazi Medical Journal
		The ring was released by dividing the ligamentum arteriosum and aberrant retroesophageal left subclavian artery.
		Dividing the ligamentum arteriosum and the retroesophageal left subclavian artery is enough in most of the cases to release the compression of the vascular ring.
		The division of the ligamentum arteriosum, left subclavian artery and resection of the Kommerell diverticulum as well as anostomosing the left subclavian artery to left common carotis artery or descending aorta can be performed properly.
	www.med.gazi.edu.tr /gmj/98_1_38_41.html (1447 words)

	Vascular Rings
		The final branch, often arising from a prominent ductus diverticulum, is a ligamentum that passes leftward, behind the esophagus, and then anteriorly to attach to the left pulmonary artery.
		Also note that when there is mirror image branching, if the ligamentum arteriosum arises from the innominate artery to pass to the origin of the left pulmonary artery, this does not result in a vascular ring.
		The mediastinal pleura is reflected in the area of the left arch and ligamentum.
	www.pediheart.org /practitioners/defects/arterial/vasc_rings.htm (1824 words)

	eMedicine - Vascular Rings : Article by Shabir Bhimji, MD
		The ligamentum arteriosum connects the left subclavian or descending aorta to the left pulmonary artery.
		The ligamentum arteriosum courses from the base of the left subclavian artery to the left pulmonary artery.
		The ligamentum arteriosum exits distal to this point from the area of Kommerell diverticulum and courses to the left pulmonary artery.
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic2981.htm (7460 words)

	Veterinary Surgical Specialists - Persistent Right Aortic Arch and Megaesophagus
		PRAA is the most commonly diagnosed anomaly (95%) and the esophageal stricture results from the encircling ligamentum arteriosum.
		Normally the aortic arch forms from the left (the same side as the ligamentum arteriosum) and the esophagus in not encircled.
		In PRAA, the esophagus is encircled by the ligamentum arteriosum on the left and the aortic arch on the right.
	www.vssoc.com /praa.html (364 words)

	[No title]
		The ligamentum arteriosum attaches to the concave surface of the aortic arch.
		The ligamentum arteriorsum connects the pulmonary trunk to the concave portion of the aortic arch.
		The left recurrent laryngeal nerve comes off the left vagal nerve, posterior to the ligamentum arteriosum, under the aortic arch, and up in the left notch between the trachea and esophagus.
	www.musc.edu /comsc/resources/1st%20Year/Fall/Anatomy/Anatomy-DVG/Thorax/Introduction%20to%20Thoracic%20Contents%20Answers.doc (1054 words)

	V. Angiology. 4c. Peculiarities in the Vascular System in the Fetus. Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body.
		The ductus arteriosus begins to contract immediately after respiration is established, and is completely closed from the fourth to the tenth day; it ultimately degenerates into an impervious cord, the ligamentum arteriosum, which connects the left pulmonary artery to the arch of the aorta.
		Of the hypogastric arteries, the parts extending from the sides of the bladder to the umbilicus become obliterated between the second and fifth days after birth, and project as fibrous cords, the lateral umbilical ligaments, toward the abdominal cavity, carrying on them folds of peritoneum.
		The umbilical vein and ductus venosus are completely obliterated between the second and fifth days after birth; the former becomes the ligamentum teres, the latter the ligamentum venosum, of the liver.
	www.bartleby.com /107/139.html (1472 words)

	Conditions and Syndromes Associated with DOLV
		Kommerell diverticulum, which represents the nonresorbed remnant of the left fourth arch and is situated at the point of merger between the right arch and the proximal descending thoracic aorta.
		The ligamentum arteriosum arises from the base of the right subclavian artery or a nearby diverticulum and travels to the right pulmonary artery.
		If a right ligamentum arteriosum were present instead of one on the left, its course would proceed from the base of this anomalous right subclavian artery to the right pulmonary artery and a complete ring would exist.
	www.fetalultrasound.com /online/text/7-161.htm (1865 words)

	Chapter 24: Blood vessels, lymphatic drainage and nerves of the thorax
		The left pulmonary artery is connected to the arch of the aorta by the ligamentum arteriosum (fig.
		The arch is related on its inferior side to the bifurcation of the pulmonary trunk and is connected to the left pulmonary artery by the ligamentum arteriosum.
		24-2 The ligamentum arteriosum is a fibrous band connecting the left pulmonary artery to the arch of the aorta.
	www.dartmouth.edu /~humananatomy/part_4/chapter_24.html (2996 words)

	Vascular Ring - My Child Has - Children's Hospital Boston
		A ligament that normally occurs called the ligamentum arteriosum, passes between the left subclavian and left pulmonary artery to complete the ring.
		The fibrous strands of the ligamentum arteriosum should also be divided because they may be contributing to pressure on the esophagus.
		When repairing a right aortic arch with aberrant subclavian and left ligamentum arteriosum, the ligamentum arteriosum that is connecting the aorta to the pulmonary artery is divided.
	www.childrenshospital.org /az/Site1942/mainpageS1942P0.html (1104 words)

	PA Sling
		The ligamentum arteriosum passes posteriorly to the aorta from the point of origin of the right pulmonary artery from the main pulmonary artery, effectively creating a vascular ring surrounding the trachea but not the esophagus.
		In this early report of what was to become the traditional operation for pulmonary artery sling, these authors also reported for the first time the complication that was to be commonly seen: namely, occlusion of the left pulmonary artery demonstrated by postoperative angiography.
		Mustard and colleagues recognized the importance of the ligamentum arteriosum in effectively completing a vascular ring as part of this anomaly, and in 1962 they described simple division of the ligament as management of a pulmonary artery sling.
	www.pediheart.org /practitioners/defects/arterial/sling.htm (1843 words)

	[No title]
		The aortic arch rises to pass posteriorly over the pulmonary trunk, to which it is linked by the ligamentum arteriosum.
		Left vagus descend posterior to the left common carotid, and enters the superior mediastinum between the left common carotid and the subclavian artery, then descends antero lateral to the arch of the aorta.
		Left recurrent laryngeal nerve braches within the superior mediastinum, then loops under the arch of the aorta (lateral to the ligamentum arteriosum), and ascend in the tracheo-esophageal groove.
	www.musc.edu /comsc/resources/1st%20Year/Fall/Anatomy/Anatomy-DVG/Thorax/Superior%20and%20Posterior%20Mediastinal%20Structures%20Answers.doc (826 words)

	Remnants of Fetal Circulation: Appearance on MDCT in Adults -- Merkle and Gilkeson 185 (2): 541 -- American Journal of ...
		Ligamentum Teres Hepatis: Remnant of the Umbilical Vein
		the fissure of the ligamentum teres hepatis as a round or linear
		The ligamentum venosum is an extrahepatic fibrous remnant of
	www.ajronline.org /cgi/content/full/185/2/541 (3140 words)

	APPLIED ANATOMY:Chapter8
		Note esophagus in relation to arch of aorta, pulmonary artery and ligamentum arteriosum.
		Identify pulmonary artery, ligamentum arteriosum, and arch of aorta.
		8.5.1.1 The ligamentum nuchae is a powerful elastic apparatus, the principal function of which is to assist the extensor muscles of the head and neck.
	compepid.tuskegee.edu /syllabi/biomedical/Anatomy/apdanat/chapter8.html (2238 words)

	ligamentum arteriosum (anatomy) - General Practice Notebook
		The ligamentum arteriosum is a fibrous band that runs between the superior surface of the origin of the left pulmonary artery and the inferior surface of the arch of the aorta.
		It passes superolaterally from inferior to superior attachments; the latter is about the level of the origin of the left subclavian artery from the aorta.
		The ligamentum arteriosum represents the remnant of the fetal ductus arteriosus.
	www.gpnotebook.co.uk /medwebpage.cfm?ID=610992187 (140 words)

	Case Based Pediatrics Chapter
		The ligamentum arteriosum (remnant of the ductus arteriosus) connects the left subclavian or descending aorta (depending on its origin) to the left pulmonary artery.
		The trachea and esophagus are encircled by the ascending aorta anteriorly, the aortic arch on the right, the descending aorta posteriorly, and the ligamentum arteriosum and the left pulmonary artery on the left.
		It is however difficult to identify the ligamentum or an atretic branch of the aortic arch.
	www.hawaii.edu /medicine/pediatrics/pedtext/s07c07.html (2538 words)

	Fetus
		Infants with certain congenital anomalies of the heart can survive only as long as the ductus remains open: in such cases the closure of the ductus can be delayed by the administration of prostaglandins to permit sufficient time for the surgical correction of the anomalies.
		The extra-hepatic portion of the fetal left umbilical vein becomes the adult ligamentum teres hepatis (the "round ligament of the liver").
		The intra-hepatic portion of the fetal left umbilical vein (the ductus venosus) becomes the adult ligamentum venosum.
	www.dejavu.org /cgi-bin/get.cgi?ver=93&url=http://articles.gourt.com/%22http%3A%2F%2Farticles.gourt.com%2F%3Farticle%3Dfetal (1398 words)

	Cove Point Foundation - Congenital Heart Disease - Vascular Ring
		Right aortic arch with left ligamentum arteriosum (shown) is the second most common vascular ring (30%).
		In addition, the trachea is constricted by the ligamentum arteriosum (LA), which connects the pulmonary artery (PA) to the left subclavian artery (SA).
		Thus, the so-called Vascular Ring consists of the left subclavian artery (and often its attached Kommerell's diverticulum), the ligamentum arteriosum, and the pulmonary artery - all of which encircle and may constrict the breathing tube and esophagus.
	www.pted.org /htms/vascularring1.php (322 words)

	Resection of Kommerell's diverticulum and left subclavian artery transfer does not always relieve symptoms -- ...
		arteriosum are at risk of compression of the trachea and esophagus
		even in the absence of the left ligamentum arteriosum, i.e.
		absence of the left ligamentum arteriosum emphasizes the importance
	ejcts.ctsnetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/22/6/1038 (559 words)

	Coarctation of the Aorta
		When the ductus arteriosus is patent, the aorta is not significantly obstructed; however, if the ductus arteriosus begins to close after birth the aorta is no longer widened by it and this results in aortic obstruction.
		The coarctation may be preductal, where the narrowing is proximal to the ductus arteriosus or ligamentum arteriosum.
		The coarctation may be postductal, where the narrowing is distal to the ductus arteriosus or ligamentum arteriosum.
	www.perfline.com /congenital/coa.html (947 words)

	eMedicine - Vascular Ring, Right Aortic Arch : Article by Doff McElhinney, MD
		The ring is completed by a left-sided ductus arteriosus (or its remnant ligamentum arteriosum) passing from the aberrant left subclavian artery to the proximal left pulmonary artery (see Image 2).
		A left-sided ductus arteriosus or ligamentum arteriosum passes between the descending aorta and the proximal left pulmonary artery (see Image 3).
		In contrast to right aortic arch with aberrant left subclavian artery from a retroesophageal diverticulum, the descending aorta usually crosses to the left side of midline proximally in its course, although in rare cases, it remains to the right of midline until reaching the lower portion of the thorax.
	www.emedicine.com /PED/topic2542.htm (4927 words)

	RESULTS
		The relative displacements of the attachments of the ligamentum arteriosum served to measure the deformation experienced by the ligament.
		The shear stresses at the isthmus of the aortic arch was used to measure aortic twisting and distortion in the coronal plane.
		Figure 7 demonstrates the relative displacements of the attachments of the ligamentum arteriosum.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /research/visible/vhpconf98/AUTHORS/YANG/RESULTS.HTM (723 words)

	Unusual vascular ring in a cat: left aortic arch with right ligamentum arteriosum -- McCandlish et al. 114 (14): 338 -- ...
		A young kitten was presented with regurgitation of food at weaning.
		The cause of food regurgitation was a perioesophageal vascular ring caused by left descending aorta and a right ligamentum arteriosum.
		The respiratory distress and cyanosis was most probably caused by a combination of tracheal compression by the vascular ring and a polycythaemia associated with the ventricular septal defect.
	veterinaryrecord.bvapublications.com /cgi/content/abstract/114/14/338 (156 words)

	Fetus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The umbilical vein and the ductus venosus closes off within two to five days after birth, leaving behind the ligamentum teres and the ligamentum venosus of the liver respectively.
		Infants with certain congenital anomalies of the heart can survive only as long as the ductus remains open: in such cases the closure of the ductus can be delayed by the administration of prostaglandins to permit sufficient time for the surgical correction of the anomalies.
		ligamentum teres hepatis (the "round ligament of the liver").
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fetal (1448 words)

	Traumatic Thoracic Aortic Rupture in the Pediatric Patient (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Aortic ruptures were complete transections at the ligamentum arteriosum in 5 of 6 (83%) ; the other case was a cervical arch pseudoaneurysm.
		The patient with the cervical arch pseudoaneurysm had a partial tear in the abnormal arch, whereas all other tears (5 of 6) were complete transections separated by 1 to 5 cm from the ligamentum arteriosum (aortic isthmus).
		When exposed to a sudden horizontal deceleration, the relatively immobile descending aorta, held in the vertebral sulcus by intercostal vessels, ligamentum arteriosum, and overlying mediastinal pleura, decelerates at a different rate compared with the fairly mobile heart and aortic arch.
	sdarts.cs.columbia.edu /collections/medcorpus/ats/ats_062_03_0013.sent (6007 words)

	Calcification of the ligamentum arteriosum in children: a normal finding on CT -- Bisceglia and Donaldson 156 (2): 351 ...
		Calcification of the ligamentum arteriosum in children: a normal finding on CT -- Bisceglia and Donaldson 156 (2): 351 -- American Journal of Roentgenology
		focus of calcification in the region of the ligamentum arteriosum.
		within the ligamentum arteriosum was seen in 13% of routine CT examinations
	www.ajronline.org /cgi/content/abstract/156/2/351 (196 words)

	NEJM -- Traumatic Laceration of the Aorta
		On examination in the emergency department, the patient was hemodynamically stable but had a steering-wheel imprint on the anterior chest wall.
		A computed tomographic scan of the chest showed a ruptured thoracic aorta just distal to the ligamentum arteriosum (Panel A, cross-sectional view, arrow; Panel B, sagittal view, arrow).
		The patient underwent emergency repair of his injury and replacement of the injured aorta with a prosthetic graft.
	content.nejm.org /cgi/content/extract/351/12/1239 (135 words)

	Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
		In normal newborns, the DA is closed within 15 hours after birth, and is completely sealed after three weeks.
		A nonfunctional vestige of the DA, called the ligamentum arteriosum, remains in the adult heart.In patent ductus arteriosus, the newborn's ductus arteriosus does not close, but remains patent.
		Patent DA is common in infants with persistent respiratory problems such as hypoxia, and has a high occurrence in premature children.
	mens-health.health-cares.net /patent-ductus-arteriosus.php (563 words)

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