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	Ligature (medicine) Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		In medicine, a ligature is a device, similar to a tourniquet, usually of thread or string, tied around a limb, blood vessel or similar to restrict blood flow.
		A ligature can be used for the strangulation of a tumor.
		Conclusion Although the field of forensic medicine has a long and illustrious history, the...
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /topic/Ligature_(medicine).html (129 words)

	Aspects of Asphyxial Deaths
		As it was stated earlier ligature strangulation and hanging resembles except for the fact that in hanging the constriction force being the weight of the body.
		In ligature strangulations the ligature mark normally proceeds at or below the height of the larynx, where as in hanging cases the ligature mark would be observed above the larynx.
		However this distinction is not always reliable, as if the hanging ligature has a slip knot, the rope will tighten on the neck and fail to leave a missing section in the mark, being present through 360 degrees round the circumference of the neck, as often seen in strangulation.
	www.geocities.com /hpnrwimal/aspectsofasphyxialdeaths.html (8741 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: History of Medicine
		How diligently medicine was studied in the monasteries is shown by the numerous manuscripts (many still unedited) in the old cathedral libraries and by those which were taken from the suppressed monasteries and are now to be found in the national libraries of various countries.
		Medicine, he says is a practical art and, therefore, may not be treated according to the same methods for the investigation of truth as philosophy.
		The scientific endeavours for the reform of medicine are characterized by the activity of the translators, by the critical treatment and explanation of old authors, and by independent investigation especially in the field of botany.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/10122a.htm (17358 words)

	Contributions of Islam To Medicine
		Medicine, as it stands today, did not develop overnight, It is the culmination of efforts of millions of people, some we know and others we do not.
		The third stage is the stage of decline where medicine, as well as other branches of science, became stagnant and deteriorated.
		This is particularly true in the history of medicine during the Arab period.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Parthenon/4482/article32.htm (1907 words)

	eMedicine - Hanging Injuries and Strangulation : Article by William Ernoehazy, Jr, MD, FACEP
		Synonyms and related keywords: judicial hanging, suicidal hanging, strangulation assault, autoerotic strangulation, compression injury, airway, neck, spinal cord, hanging injury, strangulation injury, compression of the neck, distraction of the neck, neck injuries, hangman fracture, decapitation, cerebral hypoxia, ischemic neuronal death, spinal cord injury, cervical spinal disruption
		An estimated 5-10% of urban assaults involve strangulations or ligature assaults.
		Medicine is a constantly changing science and not all therapies are clearly established.
	www.emedicine.com /emerg/topic227.htm (2213 words)

	Exercitatio Anatomica de Motu Cordis et Sanguinis in Animalibus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The book was first published in 1628, and had an immediate and far-reaching influence on Harvey's contemporaries; Thomas Hobbes said that Harvey was the only modern author whose doctrines were taught in his lifetime.
		In the De motu cordis, Harvey investigated the effect of ligatures on blood flow.
		The book also argued that blood was pumped around the body in a "double circulation", where after being returned to the heart, it is recirculated in a closed system to the lungs and back to the heart, where it is returned to the main circulation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Exercitatio_Anatomica_de_Motu_Cordis_et_Sanguinis_in_Animalibus (720 words)

	[No title]
		ANOMALIES and CURIOSITIES of MEDICINE Being an encyclopedic collection of rare and extraordinary cases, and of the most striking instances of abnormality in all branches of medicine and surgery, derived from an exhaustive research of medical literature from its origin to the present day, abstracted, classified, annotated, and indexed.
		Medicine men are in the habit of making a "protective" clause whenever they concoct a "medicine," which is to the effect that the "medicine" will be effective provided that no woman in this condition is allowed to approach the tent of the official in charge.
		Empiricism had doubtless taught the ancient husbands the dangers of sexual intercourse during this period, and the after-results of many such connections were looked upon as manifestations of the contagiousness of the evil excretions issuing at this period.
	courses.ed.asu.edu /gonzalez/APHB/ETexts/Gould.GM/Medicine.txt (21321 words)

	Suturing and stapling in elective procedures - DVM
		Because of their routine nature, it is easy to put little thought into the materials and methods used for ligation of transected vessels and closure of the wounds.
		The choice of ligature pattern depends heavily on the size and friability of the stump.
		In larger pedicles, a transfixing ligature or Miller's knot is often used.
	www.dvmnewsmagazine.com /dvm/article/articleDetail.jsp?id=73951 (908 words)

	Encyclopedia: Ligature
		Orthodontics or orthodontia is the specialty of dentistry that is concerned with the study and treatment of malocclusions, which may be a result of tooth irregularity, disproportionate jaw relationships, or both.
		In orthodontics, a ligature is the name for the small elastic that is used to affix the archwire to the bracket.
		In writing and typography, a ligature occurs where two or more letterforms are written or printed as a unit.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Ligature (319 words)

	Paper 5: A Case Of Strangulation Fabricated As Hanging: Anil Aggrawal's Internet Journal of Forensic Medicine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		Usually in strangulation, the ligature mark is transversely placed in the lower aspect of neck below the level of thyroid cartilage in strangulation whereas in hanging it is obliquely placed in the upper aspect of neck.
		Furthermore, the ligature mark has clearly been produced by some strong, firm, thin material, while the ligature material appearing in the photographs is a bed sheet, which is broad and soft.
		This is an interesting case, where a careful study of the ligature material, ligature mark, and their comparative study made it possible to conclude positively that it was a case of strangulation fabricated as hanging.
	anil299.tripod.com /vol_002_no_002/papers/paper005.html (999 words)

	UF Graphic Design — vox
		The primary event each year is ‘Ligature’ -- a cluster of activities which includes a show of student work juried by notable designers and educators.
		Ligature is a week-long celebration of design which vox graphis has organized and produced for the past 12 years.
		Ligature speakers bring a wealth of knowledge and experience.
	www.ufdesigners.com /vox.html (282 words)

	islam-usa.com
		For example, in Syria, medicine was advanced and was greatly influenced by the Byzantine civilization which affected also the economic and administrative systems (Hammameh 1962).
		Fielding H. Garrison, the author of the well-known work on the "History of Medicine" said: "...The Saracens themselves were the originators not only of algebra, chemistry, and geology, but of many of the so- called improvements or refinements of civilization, such as street lamps, window-panes, firework, stringed instruments, cultivated fruits, perfumes, spices, etc...
		He defined medicine as "the art concerned in preserving healthy bodies, in combating disease, and in restoring health to the sick." He thus showed the three aspects of medicine namely, public health, preventive medicine, and treatment of specific diseases.
	www.islam-usa.com /im3.html (10372 words)

	Vasectomy and Reverse Vasectomy -- eCureMe.com
		A more permanent solution to preventing unwanted pregnancies is the vasectomy (surgical removal of the ductus deferens or ligature of right and left ductus deferens) for men and the salpingectomy (removal of the uterine tube) for women.
		The principle behind a vasectomy is to block the passage of sperm from the testicles, where it is produced, through the vas deferens and the urethra, by tying up or removing the vas deferens.
		Nowadays ligature, or crossover vasectomy, is preferred, as surgical reconstruction may restore the use of the canals in men who change their minds and decide to father more offspring (see Reverse Vasectomy below).
	www.ecureme.com /especial/obgyn/Vasectomy_and_Reverse_Vasectomy.asp (548 words)

	ligature - OneLook Dictionary Search
		ligature : The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language [home, info]
		Ligature : English-Chinese Dictionary of Graphic Communications (Big 5) [home, info]
		Phrases that include ligature: stannius ligature, elastic ligature, ligature wire, suture ligature, intravascular ligature, more...
	www.onelook.com /?w=ligature&ls=a (311 words)

	Encyclopedia - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		These people had an incalculable influence on methods of research and editing, due in part to the Islamic practice of isnad which emphasized fidelity to written record, checking sources, and skeptical inquiry.
		Encyclopedia is the dominant spelling used in the United States; an alternate spelling, encyclopædia (sometimes rendered encyclopaedia, without the æ ligature) is commonly used in British and Commonwealth English.
		The digraph ae or æ, the normal Latin rendering of the Greek diphthong ai, is usually changed to e in American orthography, for example in other words from the root paid- such as pædiatrician (American pediatrician).
	open-encyclopedia.com /Encyclopedia (1529 words)

	027.DEATHS FROM HANGING
		Hanging is a mode of death in which a ligature is wound round the neck and the noose is then tightened, the constricting force being the weight of the body.
		This is a deep impression, made by the ligature material (such as the rope or the loin cloth with which the victim hangs himself) and is seen on the neck.
		This is in sharp contrast with the ligature mark of strangulation which is seen all round the neck.
	www.fortunecity.com /tatooine/williamson/235/sicd027.html (1660 words)

	Energy Citations Database (ECD) - Energy and Energy-Related Bibliographic Citations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		With colloidal Au without ligature of the vein, no fixation of radioactivity was noted in the tongue by scintigraphy; however, activity of blood samples from the contralateral lingual and femoral veins indicated considerable distribution of Au after 1 min.
		Similar results were obtained with colloidal Au with ligature of the effluent vein; in both cases there was rapid, massive fixation of activity in the liver to an approximately equal extent.
		When Au adsorbed on C particles was injected without ligature of the vein, the blood samples taken from the contralateral lingual and femoral veins had only 20 to 25% of the activity of that from the homolateral vein.
	www.osti.gov /energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=4051477 (375 words)

	The Journal of Czecho-Slovak Forensic Medicine
		To this process increasing attention is paid also in the sphere of forensic medicine, in particular to make use of the diagnostic contribution in investigation of cause of death, vital reaction and time when the injury developed.
		Differences in conception of forensic medicine in the central Europe and south-eastern Asia are consisted in both legislative difference and different view of religion as well in fact, that forensic medicine is a very young subject in Vietnam and in some nearby countries that dispose of not enough professional workplaces and specialists.
		The Bratislava Institute of Forensic Medicine, based on many years of professional and practical experience, participates in the elaboration of principles of risk-free transport of urban and non-urban traffic as well as in preventive provisions and suggestions for conditions of traffic the field.
	www.nemcb.cz /soudni/a1995-98.html (14526 words)

	Book: Forensic Medicine: Clinical and Pathological Aspects -- Vass 326 (7388): 556 -- BMJ
		Forensic medicine must be one of the most unusual, and certainly one of the most macabre, branches of medicine.
		As doctors we are all too aware of the natural causes of death, such as cancer and heart disease, the top killers.
		To work in forensic medicine there are a few traits that it is probably important to have.
	www.bmj.com /cgi/content/full/326/7388/556 (484 words)

	Placebo Effect: The Power of the Sugar Pill
		In a trial to test the value of a surgical procedure (ligature of an artery in the thorax) to treat angina pectoris (pain in the chest caused by chronic heart ischemia), the placebo procedure consisted in anesthetizing the patient and only cutting his skin.
		A very interesting conclusion can be drawn: all medicines, besides their actual pharmacological effect, have a placebo effect, and both kinds of effects cannot be easily separated.
		He is widely known because of the famous experiment on the dog that salivated whenever it heard a bell (see here a recapitulation about the conduction of these experiments and what we have learned with them).
	www.cerebromente.org.br /n09/mente/placebo1_i.htm (2166 words)

	Clarinet Ligature
		There are also instruments known as basset horns in F, bassetclarinets (which are pitched in the key of A, but with an extended lower register, designed for the performance of the MozartConcerto fo...
		The word ligature can mean more than one thing.
		Internet users who seek Clarinet Ligature often also seach for: Clarinet, Sale, Bass, Selmer, Buffet, Yamaha, Student, Saxophone, Maintenance, Reeds, Books, Manufacturers, Sales, Pads, Eb, Mouthpiece, Repair, For, Accessories, Used Clarinet Systems, Eb Clarinet, Yamaha Clarinet, Selmer Bass Clarinet, Clarinet Books, Buffet E11 Clarinet, Clarinet Instrument, Saxophone Ligature, Clarinet Sales, Clarinet Mouthpieces
	www.altvetmed.com /face/8287-clarinet-ligature.html (503 words)

	Medicine
		A tea made of the root or leaves of the dandelion is sometimes medicinal in liver complaint.
		In old people, or where the powers of the body are much weakened, warm laxative medicines, with stimulating applications, as the flesh-brush, blisters, mustard poultices, and rubbing the spine with the volatile liniment, form the best plan of treatment.
		Drawing a tooth is generally recommended by physicians in those cases where the jaws are firmly closed, for the purpose of transmitting medicines and food to the stomach.
	www.sharelynx.org /web/cyclopedia/medicine.html (21120 words)

	Encyclopedia: Ligature (medicine)
		A tourniquet is a tightly tied band applied around a body part (an arm or a leg) in an attempt to stop severe traumatic bleeding.
		Categories: Medicine stubs A tourniquet is a tightly tied band applied around a body part (an arm or a leg) in an attempt to stop severe traumatic bleeding.
		Sutures are the stitches doctors, and especially surgeons, use to hold skin, organs, blood vessels and all other tissues of the human body together, after they have been severed in minor or major surgery.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Ligature-%28medicine%29 (195 words)

	Ligature (medicine) - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		Ligature (medicine) - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		In medicine, a ligature is a device, similar to a tourniquet, usually of thread or string, tied around a limb, blood vessel or similar to restrict blood flow.
		This encyclopedia, history, geography and biography article about Ligature (medicine) contains research on
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Ligature_%28medicine%29 (82 words)

	UNSW Embryology- Development- History of Science- The Coming of Harvey
		Soon after taking his degree of B.A., at the age of nineteen, he decided upon the profession of medicine, and went to Padua as a pupil of Fabricius and Casserius.
		The hand under such circumstances retains its natural color and appearances; in the course of time it begins to fall somewhat in temperature, indeed, but nothing is DRAWN into it.
		The veins again being compressed, nothing can flow through them; the certain indication of which is that below the ligature they are much more tumid than above it, and than they usually appear when there is no bandage upon the arm.
	embryology.med.unsw.edu.au /History/page2b.htm (1818 words)

	mitchelljksr10a_28
		In 1822 he settled in Philadelphia and became professor of medicine and physiology at the Medical Institute of Philadelphia in 1824.
		From 1810 on he taught at the University of Pennsylvania, serving as professor of materia medica and professor of the theory and practice of medicine and clinical medicine.
		Two volumes of notes on Chapman’s lectures on the practice of medicine, taken by Mitchell when he was a student of Chapman.
	www.collphyphil.org /FIND_AID/M/mitchelljksr10a_28.htm (540 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		Notes for Medical "Tech Levels" The examples are for military medicine, and civilian practices for the same time and place may be up to 4 tech levels LOWER than those for the military.
		Medicine (Applied): Illness and injury are suffered through with minimal attention.
		Medicine (Theory): Illness and injury are not understood at all.
	hubcap.clemson.edu /~jservey/TimeLords/techlvl2.txt (1359 words)

	Luigi Luciani and the Earliest Graphic Demonstration of Wenckebach Periodicity -- Upshaw and Silverman 101 (22): 2662 ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		Charles B. Upshaw, Jr, MD Mark E. Silverman, MD From The Department of Internal Medicine and the Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Piedmont Hospital, and the Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga.
		Photograph obtained from and used with the permission of the National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, Md.
		when the ligature was tied at any level of the atria, with
	circ.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/101/22/2662 (3269 words)

	Characterization of MAP kinase and PKC isoform and effect of ACE inhibition in hypertrophy in vivo -- Kim et al. 277 ...
		Units of PKC activation represent amount of PKC isoform specific activation as determined by membrane translocation in hearts subjected to ascending aortic ligature relative to that amount in sham-operated animals.
		Sustained pressure overload from ascending aortic ligature ultimately results in cardiac hypertrophy (11, 21, 27, 35).
		Radiolabeled hypertrophy responsive enhancer (HRE) was incubated with nuclear extracts isolated from hearts subjected to 5 days of ascending aortic ligature in rats in which fosinopril (F), hydralazine (H), or nothing was added to their water (W).
	ajpheart.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/277/5/H1808 (4851 words)

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