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Topic: Light water reactor

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Pressurized water reactor

Heavy water

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	Light Water Nuclear Reactors
		The nuclear fission reactors used in the United States for electric power production are classified as "light water reactors" in contrast to the "heavy water reactors" used in Canada.
		Light water (ordinary water) is used as the moderator in U.S. reactors as well as the cooling agent and the means by which heat is removed to produce steam for turning the turbines of the electric generators.
		The use of ordinary water makes it necessary to do a certain amount of enrichment of the uranium fuel before the necessary criticality of the reactor can be maintained.
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/nucene/ligwat.html (452 words)

	Light Water Reactor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Light water is filtered h2o; heavy water is an isotope with an additional neutron in the hydrogen.
		Light water, carbon dioxide, helium, and liquid sodium are the most popular coolants.
		Light water and heavy water are different because there is an extra neutron in the hydrogen nucleus of heavy water.
	www.tcnj.edu /~krause2/tsng201/nuclearreactor.html (488 words)

	EIA - Energy Glossary - L
		Light water reactor (LWR): A nuclear reactor that uses water as the primary coolant and moderator, with slightly enriched uranium as fuel.
		Lighting equipment: These are light bulbs used to light the building's interior, such as incandescent light bulbs, fluorescent light bulbs, compact fluorescent light bulbs, and high-intensity discharge (HID) lights.
		Lights: All of the light bulbs controlled by one switch are counted as one light.
	www.eia.doe.gov /glossary/glossary_l.htm (2894 words)

	AEI: October 1995, Light Water Breeder
		Since water is also the means of moving the heat from the reactor to some place where it can be of use, this process has its limits.
		In this type of reactor, the fissile material is concentrated in the central core region while the fertile material surrounds the central core region including the top and bottom.
		It may be that the light water breeder reactor is not a viable alternative to conventional light water reactors.
	www.atomicinsights.com /oct95/LWBR_oct95.html (954 words)

	Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		However, the treaty gives every state the inalienable right to use nuclear energy for peaceful purposes, and as the commercially popular light water reactor nuclear power station designs use enriched uranium fuel, it follows that states must be allowed to enrich uranium or purchase it on an international market.
		The difficult issue of the supply of light water reactors to replace North Korea's indigenous nuclear power plant program, as per the 1994 Agreed Framework, was left to be resolved in future discussions
		Iran is a signatory state of the NPT and has recently as of 2006 resumed development of its uranium enrichment program, for its civilian nuclear energy program, as it is entitled to do under the terms of the NPT.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nuclear_Non-Proliferation_Treaty (3259 words)

	[No title]
		In the field of light water reactors, the last status report published by the IAEA was “Status of Advanced Light Water Cooled Reactor Designs: 1996” (IAEA-TECDOC-968).
		The objective of this TCM were to assess the current base of experimental data and the applicability of current methodologies for computing natural convection phenomena in innovative reactor design, and to develop perspectives on needed improvements in models and supporting experimental data.
		The papers and discussions addressed both evolutionary and innovative designs for light and heavy water reactors.
	www.iaea.org /programmes/ne/nenp/nptds/newweb2001/LWR_knowledge/tedocsnptds.htm (961 words)

	Nuclear Power Reactors (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Heat is produced in a nuclear reactor when neutrons strike Uranium atoms causing them to fission in a continuous chain reaction.
		In a PWR, the heat is removed from the reactor by water flowing in a closed pressurized loop.
		The second loop is kept at a lower pressure, allowing the water to boil and create steam, which is used to turn the turbine-generator and produce electricity.
	reactor.engr.wisc.edu /power.html (433 words)

	Bed Water, Bed Water information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Copyright © 2005 :: Bed Mattress strata water bed mattress super single water bed mattress toddler bed mattress truck bed air mattress trundle bed mattress twin bed mattress twin bed mattress...
		The invention is a hydride bed water recovery system for a fuel cell power plant that has at...
		A waterbed or water mattress is a bed or mattress filled with water.
	www.bedy.co.uk /BedWater (1437 words)

	Iran: Would Light-Water Reactor Suit Tehran's Needs? - RADIO FREE EUROPE / RADIO LIBERTY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		On the other hand, a heavy-water reactor, generally speaking, is much more efficient at producing plutonium of the type needed for the most effective nuclear weapons.
		Barnaby: The difference between heavy water and ordinary [light] water is that ordinary water, H2O, uses the normal hydrogen isotope.
		You don't have to enrich the uranium to fuel it.
	www.rferl.org /featuresarticle/2006/05/0FA2748D-B725-486C-9CD2-A03A912C5E7A.html (849 words)

	[No title]
		That is why the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) inspects light water reactors in countries around the world, including Japan, and why the United States has opposed their sale to Iran.
		To believe that North Korea and Iran need light water reactors to make electricity is to believe in fairy tales.
		North Korea also is allowed to keep its three graphite reactors, its plutonium processing plant and its 8,000 plutonium-bearing spent fuel rods intact until the next century, after the first light water reactor is completed.
	www.wisconsinproject.org /pubs/articles/1995/foresight-nk.html (2094 words)

	Heavy and Light Water Reactor
		Three Agency Study on Innovative Nuclear Reactor Development
		Active Co-ordinated Research Projects as of September 2004
		ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES FOR LIGHT WATER REACTORS (LWRs) AND HEAVY WATER REACTORS (HWRs)
	www.iaea.org /OurWork/ST/NE/NENP/NPTDS/Projects/hlwr.html (61 words)

	MemeStreams \| Fickt nicht mit dem Raketemensch!
		Instead of water, it uses pyrolytic graphite as the neutron moderator, and an inert or semi-inert gas such as helium, nitrogen or carbon dioxide as the coolant, at very high temperature, to drive a turbine directly.
		Also, the gases do not dissolve contaminants or absorb neutrons as water does, so the core has less in the way of radioactive fluids and greater economy than a light water reactor.
		Carter banned the reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel to extract material that would be useful in reactors and bombs.
	www.memestreams.net /users/bucy/science (720 words)

	myBataan.com - Discover Bataan Peninsula - Bataan Nuclear Power Plant (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The oil embargo had put a heavy strain on the economy and Marcos saw nuclear power as the best way forward in terms of meeting the country's future power needs and lessening the nation's reliance on imported oil.
		A Westinghouse light water reactor, it was designed to produce 621 MW of electricity.
		Construction began in 1976 and was completed in 1984 at a cost of 2.3 billion dollars.
	www.mybataan.com /content/view/163/235 (196 words)

	Korea: North Korea
		New tensions mounted on the peninsula in 1994 after confirmation that the country had developed a nuclear program.
		After direct talks with the United States, North Korea agreed to freeze its nuclear program in return for shipments of oil and the construction of two new light-water reactors for power (the latter were not built, however).
		North Korea launched a medium-range missile over Japan in 1998; in 1999, the United States agreed to ease trade sanctions against the country in exchange for North Korea's agreement to suspend its missile testing.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/world/A0859141.html (835 words)

	U.S. Department of Energy/Nuclear Power Industry Strategic Plan for Light Water Reactor R&D
		In 2004, Energetics partnered with the U.S. Department of Energy and the nuclear industry to create the first-ever U.S. Department of Energy/Nuclear Power Industry Strategic Plan for Light Water Reactor Research and Development (PDF 2.4 MB).
		The resulting plan is being used by the stakeholders to guide their research, development, and demonstration efforts related to the Nuclear Power 2010 and Nuclear Energy Plant Optimization programs.
		In 2004, Energetics partnered with the U.S. Department of Energy and the nuclear industry to create this first-ever, collaborative strategic plan for light water reactor research and development.
	www.energetics.com /rep_products.asp?Product=71 (194 words)

	Halliburton Subsidiary to Build North Korea's First Light-Water Reactor - World - Avant News
		Validating McCormack's point, Zingo Erroth, a spokesman for Buhn & Dogale, announced later in the day from his hammock that the company will be assigning the preliminary construction phase of the project to a group of over 3,000 unskilled laborers culled from the Walmart Corporation's confidential "inside agitator danger list".
		Construction of the reactor, to be built in the South Hamgyong province of North Korea, is scheduled to commence in March, 2007, with completion estimated in the summer of 2010.
		Kim Jong Il, on the other hand, says the first phase is the building of the reactor, and the other seven are the leader's seven birthday celebrations following reactor start-up.
	www.avantnews.com /modules/news/article.php?storyid=106 (1254 words)

	Bush Chooses Halliburton Subsidiary to Build North Korea's First Light-Water Reactor » Netscape.com
		Bush Chooses Halliburton Subsidiary to Build North Korea's First Light-Water Reactor » Netscape.com
		News – A jubilant U.S. State Department announced today that the Halliburton subsidiary of Buhn & Dogale, a small ceramic figurine manufacturing firm located in the Cayman Islands, has been granted a coveted $3.2 billion no-bid contract to construct and test North Korea's first light-water nuclear reactor.
		Members who voted for this story also voted on…
	news.netscape.com /story/2006/10/10/bush-chooses-halliburton-subsidiary-to-build-north-koreas-first-light-water-reactor (129 words)

	Melanie Phillips's Diary
		Iran is constructing a heavy water reactor that is designed to produce plutonium quite readily, and the agreement, announced last week, does not address that project.
		Weapons experts say plutonium is often preferred to enriched uranium for compact warheads on missiles because it takes a smaller amount to produce a significant blast.
		Their main concern is a site at Arak, where Iranian construction crews are starting work on a 40-megawatt heavy water reactor that will make plutonium."This is an obvious omission," James R. Schlesinger, a former energy secretary and secretary of defense, said in an interview.
	www.melaniephillips.com /diary/archives/2004_11.html (17506 words)

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