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Topic: Lighter than air

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Buoyancy

	Lighter than air - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Lighter than air gases are buoyant in air because they have a density that is less than the density of air.
		Lighter than air gases are used to fill balloons, airships, and aerostats.
		Determination of lighter than air gases is straightforward.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lighter_than_air (1013 words)

	Lighter-Than-Air
		Airplanes are heavier than air and fly because of the aerodynamic force generated by the flow of air over the lifting surfaces.
		Balloons and airships are lighter-than-air (LTA), and fly because they are buoyant, which is to say that the total weight of the aircraft is less than the weight of the air it displaces.
		Hot air balloons were flown by the brothers Joseph and Etienne Montgolfier as early as the spring of 1783.
	www.centennialofflight.gov /essay/Lighter_than_air/LTA-OV.htm (1497 words)

	Howstuffworks "How Hot Air Balloons Work"
		Air pressure doesn't crush an inflated balloon, because the air inside the balloon pushes out with the same force as the outside air pushing in.
		Because the air in the balloon has less mass per unit of volume than the air in the atmosphere, it would be lighter than the air it was displacing, so the buoyant force would lift the balloon up.
		All of this is assuming that the air in the balloon and the air outside the balloon exist under exactly the same conditions.
	travel.howstuffworks.com /hot-air-balloon6.htm (555 words)

	IFO - Lighter than Air (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		A balloon is lifted because the surrounding air is attracted by gravity towards the earth MORE than the gas inside the balloon, and thus pushing the balloon up and away from the earth.
		The gas inside the balloon can be hot expanded air, helium (or an other lighter than air gas), or decompressed air (using centrifugal force), or a combination like: hot helium.
		If for example the air outside the balloon weights 1,1 kg per m3, and the gas inside the balloon 0,9 kg per m3, than 1 m3 balloon gas gives a lift of 0.2 kg.
	www.laesieworks.com /ifo/how-old/Balloon.html (128 words)

	Lighter-than-air (from airplane) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Aircraft such as balloons, nonrigid airships (blimps), and dirigibles are designed to contain within their structure a sufficient volume that, when filled with a gas lighter than air (heated air, hydrogen, or helium), displaces the surrounding ambient air and floats, just as a cork does on the water.
		Use of lighters requires extra handling and thus extra time and expense and is largely confined to ports without enough traffic to justify construction of piers or wharves.
		Air conditioning is the use of mechanical systems to achieve that control in such places as homes, offices, theaters, institutions, factories, airplanes, and automobiles.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-64155 (858 words)

	Fly Me To The Moon - Terminology
		Used as both a vent and deflation port, it can be opened a little in night to let some hot air out and allow the balloon to come down, or be totally opened after landing to get all the air out of the balloon in order for it to be packed up.
		It is used by the pilot to let some or all of the hot air inside the envelope out in order to descend or land.
		It allows the pilot to release a lot of hot air from the balloon during landing and can be reset.
	www.flymetothemoon.com.au /newweb/terms.htm (582 words)

	Blimp and Airship Glossary - The Lighter Than Air Society
		Heavier Than Air (HTA): the branch of aeronautics that includes flight vehicles that require air passing over an airfoil (e.g., a wing) to generate aerodynamic lift.
		Lighter Than Air (LTA): the branch of aeronautics (sometimes further confined to aerostatics) that includes flight vehicles that depend upon buoyancy from the displacement of air for their lift.
		LTA does not include kites (except when referring to tethered "kite" balloons or aerostats).
	www.blimpinfo.com /glossary.html (1471 words)

	Lighter Than Air (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Lighter Than Air incredibly refined, athletic and superbly elegant filly by the 16.2 Dutch pinto stallion Juss For The Taste out of the 16 hand Thoroughbred mare 'Perfect'.
		Her Thoroughbred dam is a '10' mover with huge natural extensions, lovely hunter form over fences, and with an excellent temperament, and has been ridden and shown by a junior in both dressage and jumping.
		Breathtakingly uphill and, true to her name, lighter than air when she moves, she will be a top prospect for the hunter/jumper or dressage ring.
	www.archershorses.com /happy.html (142 words)

	Lighter Than Air
		The air bag is divided into separate cells, greatly increasing the damage it can absorb.
		Each balloon is made out of "'cells," a group of interconnected hot air sacs equipped with a high-efficiency electric heater to provide continuing lift.
		When determining altitude, the gondola is 1" lower than the balloon, and the balloon itself is as tall as it is wide.
	www.sjgames.com /carwars/adq/5/1/Lighter_Than_Air.html (2452 words)

	Lighter-Than-Air Craft More Than a Bag of Hot Air, Alaska Science Forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		For instance, while rising hot air "thermals" are eagerly sought by glider pilots (and eagles) to gain altitude, the exact opposite may hold true for a hot-air balloonist.
		Because warm air is less dense, which is what causes a hot-air balloon to go up in the first place, the balloon becomes less buoyant, some of the density difference between the air trapped inside the balloon and that outside is lost.
		An unpowered gasbag must change its altitude by dropping ballast, venting gas or, in the case of a hot-air balloon, warming the air in the bag with the burner to rise or releasing hot air to reduce altitude.
	www.gi.alaska.edu /ScienceForum/ASF7/793.html (698 words)

	Balloon Lift
		When a balloon is filled with something other than air and then released in air, it will float or sink based on the same principle.
		If hot air is trapped in a balloon envelope, it will generate lift because the air inside is actually lighter, or less dense than the cooler air outside.
		Hot air will give about.3 ounce per cubic foot of lift, or approximately 1/5th to 1/4th ounce per cubic foot depending on relative temperature of the air inside the balloon and outside.
	www.chem.hawaii.edu /uham/lift.html (2852 words)

	Magenn Power Inc. - About
		The resulting lift at cruise speed was greater than the total buoyant lift which could be up to 60 tons payload depending upon the final production size.
		For the Magnus airship and hence the patented Magenn Air Rotors System, we have proven that as wind speed increases, rotation increases, lift increases, drag will be minimized because of reduced leaning, and stability increases.
		The Magenn Air Rotor System is based on a long history of development and study on the magnus effect.
	www.magenn.com /about.php (776 words)

	Lighter Than Air
		Market forecasts have pegged annual growth for project air cargo at between 10 and 12 percent annually, compared to 6 to 8 percent for traditional air cargo.
		By revenue, project cargo accounts for an estimated 0.6 percent of air cargo and by weight it accounts for an estimated 0.4 percent.
		There are already plenty of heavy-lift ships in the sea and they are not much slower than a dirigible, which takes at least five days to cross the Atlantic, and are cheaper to operate.
	www.aircargoworld.com /archives/feat4_nov00.htm (2434 words)

	The Montgolfier Brothers
		They didn't realize that their balloons rose because the heated air inside was lighter than the surrounding air.
		With more taffeta, rope and sky-high hopes, what was really no more than a 38ft paper-lined linen bag took to the sky.
		King Louis XVI was not impressed by the stench of the dense smoke, but the brothers believed at the time that it was the smoke that was causing the balloon to rise.
	www.chm.bris.ac.uk /webprojects2003/hetherington/final/montgolfier_bros.html (503 words)

	Lighter Than Air America Incorporated (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Scott’s leadership of the Lighter Than Air America family has grown the company into the nations largest provider of corporate ballooning and promotional activity.
		Lighter Than Air America’s undisputed better half of the company, specializes in the physical logistics of the company’s operations and special events.
		Laurie is also an instructor pilot for hot air balloons and stays in great demand at all times.
	www.lighterthanairamerica.com /personnel.html (618 words)

	Lighter Than Air
		It is into this climate of sprightly dance music, liquidy soul and pop new-wave that Channel 17's Dancin' On Air (and its USA Network sister show Dance Party USA) was born.
		Though it seemed kitschy with its parade of silken headbands, crunchy velvet boots, scads of regrettable hairdon'ts and appearances by Duran Duran, New Edition, the Hooters, the Jets and Madonna, the show gave kids a peek into their own culture, much like its Philly-born model, Dick Clark's American Bandstand, had 30 years previous.
		Nise, 52, remembers having the Philly Phanatic as an on-air host, getting hit in the face with pies annually on his birthday and telling off Madonna, making her clean up her mess after graffiti-ing her dressing room.
	citypaper.net /articles/022599/nc.lighter.shtml (579 words)

	Connecticut Lighter Than Air Society
		The Connecticut Lighter Than Air Society (CLAS) exists to represent and promote the sport of ballooning in Connecticut.
		If you have suggestions for content for this web site (particularly if you are a member of CLAS), please e-mail your thoughts to the webmaster, or bring them to a CLAS meeting.
		They feature pictures of all of the current members' hot air balloons (see image at left) on the front, arranged around the CLAS logo.
	www.lighterthanair.org (182 words)

	Lighter-than-air-Force (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Aerostats are packed to their fins with special radar payloads that would have mere hot air balloons, airships or blimps hissing with envy.
		Airmen and federal agents use the live radar data feed to distinguish airborne drug planes from the clutter of daily air traffic headed for America from the south.
		The station’s original single-channel antenna went “up in the air” on a Fat Albert in 1992, Pallone recalls from his compound at the Office of Cuba Broadcasting in Miami.
	www.af.mil /news/airman/0301/baloon.html (1268 words)

	Lighter than air
		With capacity concerns at work both in the air and on the ground, savvy shippers are weighing the costs of moving parcels by less-than-truckload (LTL) versus domestic air freight, whether overnight or deferred.
		Although air freight is often costly, shippers are willing to pay premium rates for several reasons, according to George Hamlin, director of logistics consulting firm MergeGlobal (www.mergeglobal.com), including:
		Although most of Caboodles' freight is moved via LTL carriers, the company uses domestic air — specifically, DHL Air (www.dhl.com) — in a number of situations.
	www.logisticstoday.com /displayStory.asp?sNO=7019 (643 words)

	Lighter than Air: Balloons Bibliography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		As the oldest library in the United States Air Force, we are proud to own this historical collection, and hope that you will find this bibliography useful.
		SPEC COLL TL620.G7 P6 1838 The first air voyage in America; the times, the place, and the people of the Blanchard balloon voyage of January 9, 1793, Philadelphia to Woodbury, together with a facsimile reprinting of the Journal of my forty-fifth ascension and the first in America.
		Dommett, William Erskine, 1885- TL650.D6 1916X The air balloon : or, A treatise on the aerostatic globe, lately invented by the celebrated Mons.
	www.wrs.afrl.af.mil /library/balloon.htm (3455 words)

	The Christian Science Monitor \| csmonitor.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Helium and hydrogen are lighter than the oxygen, nitrogen, and other gases that make up our atmosphere.
		And just as a bubble of air rises through a column of water, a "bubble" of helium trapped in a blimp rises through the air - and pulls the passengers with it.
		By adding or releasing air from the ballonet, the blimp rises or falls.
	www.csmonitor.com /durable/2000/10/24/p18s1.htm (967 words)

	Blimp and Airship Info - The Lighter Than Air Society
		The LTAS has compiled artifacts from around the world, including many from Akron, making it one of the largest collections of its kind.
		This year's LTAS Annual Acme Fundraiser offered three first prize blimp rides in celebration of the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co. 80th anniversary of the airship fleet.
		As conceived by DARPA, the Walrus is thought to be "30-40 million cubic foot capacity heavier than air vehicle that would use a combination of aerodynamic lift, vectored thrust and gas buoyancy to carry a 500 ton payload, 12,000 nm."
	www.blimpinfo.com (1643 words)

	Lighter Than Air Exhibition \| Denver Art Museum
		Although the Manchu rulers of Qing dynasty China (1644-1911) loved beautiful things, they were not blind to practicality.
		In summer, they traded their heavy satin robes for lighter garments made of semi-sheer silk gauze.
		The open weave of these robes provided not only ventilation, but also the perfect foundation for embroidery carried out in colored silk as well as gold and silver threads.
	www.denverartmuseum.org /asianart/exhibits/lighter_air/lighter_gallery.html (483 words)

	Lighter Than Air Science
		For balloon flights that are less than 90 miles from the base station, signal loss is not a major concern, but "once they get 200 to 300 miles away, signals are weaker and loss is more important," continues Wallace.
		This project experiments with sending a balloon 60,000 to 100,000 feet into the atmosphere with a platform for launching rockets.
		By using a large balloon, a lower helium fill-volume, and a lighter payload, the team hopes to send balloons above 120,000 feet before bursting.
	www.andrew.com /ACCESS/0105/articles/balloons.aspx (1294 words)

	Goleta Air and Space Museum: Lighter than Air
		Assn of Balloon and Airship Constructors is open to all with an interest in LTA flight and the construction of LTA vehicles.
		Naval Airship Association serves to gather, perpetuate and disseminate the lighter-than-air expertise and knowledge that has been accumulated during the U.S. Navy's long involvement with the development and employment of lighter-than-air principles in military aviation.
		The Zeppelin in Combat : A History of the German Naval Airship Division 1912-1918 by Douglas H. Robinson.
	www.air-and-space.com /airship.htm (246 words)

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