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Topic: Lightning (clipper)

	Clipper Summary
		Although 100-ft longer than the original clipper ships, and equipped with the latest in seafaring technology as well as an engine, these new clippers are outfitted with 36,000 sq ft of barkentine rig sails which give the 160 passengers the true experience of a tall sailing ship with all the amenities of a yacht.
		Clippers sailed all over the world, primarily on the trade routes between Britain and its colonies in the east, in the trans-Atlantic trade, and in the New York-to-San Francisco route round The Horn during the Gold Rush.
		Clippers, outrunning the British blockade of Baltimore, came to be recognized as ships built for speed rather than cargo space; while traditional merchant ships were accustomed to average speeds of under 5 knots (9 km/h), clippers aimed at 9 knots (17 km/h) or better.
	www.bookrags.com /Clipper (1783 words)

	Clipper - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Clippers sailed all over the world, primarily on the trade routes between Britain and its colonies in the east, in the trans-Atlantic trade, and in the New York-to-San Francisco route round The Horn during the Gold Rush.
		Clippers came to be recognized as ships built for speed rather than cargo space; while traditional merchant ships were accustomed to average speeds of under 5 knots (9 km/h), clippers aimed at 9 knots (17 km/h) or better.
		Decline in the use of clippers started with the economic slump of 1855 and continued with the gradual introduction of the steamship.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Clipper (712 words)

	Donald McKay - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Lightning - (March 1854), Clipper, 237.5 ft x 44ft x 23ft, 2,084 tons, built by Donald McKay for James Baines of Liverpool for the Australia trade.
		Lightning was possibly the last really large extreme clipper to be built in USA.
		Lightning caught fire at around 01:00 on 30 October 1869 at Geelong in Australia when fully loaded and ready to sail with 4,300 bales of wool, 200 tons of copper, 35 casks of wine and some tallow.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Donald_McKay (233 words)

	Clipper Windpower: The Paragon Project (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Clipper will also have to improve certain existing roads that will be used for construction, and will repair damage to roads that may have occurred during construction.
		At the end of the period of operation, the facility will be decommissioned unless Clipper and the landowner agree to operate the project beyond this period and all appropriate approvals can be obtained.
		Clipper will also be responsible for any increase in taxes due to the presence of the turbines or other project assets on a given property that is host to the equipment.
	www.clipperwind.com /paragon/faqs.php (1961 words)

	Lightning
		Lightning was sold to Thomas Harrison of Liverpool but continued to sail for the Black Ball Line.
		McLean, Duncan: The New Clipper Lightning, of Liverpool.
		Loney, Jack: The Clipper Lightning in Geelong 1862-1869 Portarlington, Victoria, 1988.
	members.tripod.com /~GEKKOS/ships/lightning2.html (928 words)

	clipper. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Long and narrow, the clipper had the greatest beam aft of the center; the bow cleaved the waves; and the ship carried, besides topgallant and royal sails, skysails and moonrakers—a veritable cloud of sails.
		The Yankee clipper was brought to perfection by Donald McKay of Boston, who built such vessels as the Flying Cloud, the Glory of the Seas, and the Lightning.
		In the early days the clipper easily outran the plodding steam vessel, but, ironically, the improved steamship began to forge ahead even as some of the fastest and most beautiful clippers were being built.
	www.bartleby.com /65/cl/clipper.html (290 words)

	Clipper - free-definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The term clipper was originally applied to a fast horse and most likely derives from the British slang term clip, meaning speed, as in "going at a good clip".
		Decline in the use of clippers was a result of the steamship.
		In the twentieth century, the term Clipper was revived for the flying boats that opened new global air routes, including vast stretches of the Pacific, to passenger service.
	www.free-definition.com /Clipper.html (575 words)

	Science Fair Projects - Clipper
		Clippers came to be recognized as ships built for speed rather than cargo space; while traditional merchant ships were accustomed to average speeds of under 5 knots, clippers aimed at 9 knots or better.
		Given their speed and maneuverability, clippers frequntly mounted cannon or caronade and were often employed as pirate vessels, privateers, smuggling vessels, and in interdiction service.
		Other surviving examples of clipper ships of the era, though not as well preserved are City of Adelaide or S.V. Carrick [1].
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Clipper (709 words)

	ipedia.com: Clipper Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The term clipper was originally applied to a fast horse and most likely derives from the British slang term clip, meaning speed, as in "going at a good clip".
		Clippers came to be recognized as ships built for speed rather than cargo space; while traditional merchant ships were accustomed to average speeds of under 5 knots, clippers aimed at 9 knots or better.
		Decline in the use of clippers was a result of the steamship.
	www.ipedia.com /clipper.html (621 words)

	MIT MUSEUM - Exhibitions & Galleries - The Clipper Ship Era
		The clipper shipbuilding boom elevated the America merchant marine to its historical highpoint and, ironically, played a role in the steady decline of America's leading position in carrying the world's commerce.
		The clipper shipbuilding boom in the U.S. was the result of singular opportunities for dramatic profits in transporting miners and essential goods from the Atlantic ports to California.
		By 1854, the heyday of American ownership of clippers was in decline.
	web.mit.edu /museum/exhibitions/clippership2.html (833 words)

	Maritime Topics On Stamps : Clipper ships
		Early on, these clippers sailed as packet-ships, but with their great speed they were ideally suited—and used—to smuggle opium and slaves as well...
		Typical was the elongated and concave shape of the stem, the so-called 'clipper stem'.
		All clippers were able to sail at average speeds of 14 to 15 knots, with top speeds reaching up to 20 knots.
	www.shipsonstamps.org /Topics/html/clipper.htm (1810 words)

	Ships of the World: An Historical Encyclopedia - - Lightning (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Lightning was the first of the magnificent quartet of clippers built by Donald McKay for James Baines's Black Ball Line of passenger ships for the run between Liverpool and Australia.
		Lightning's other record passages include 63 days from Melbourne to Liverpool in 1854, on the second leg of a passage in which she sailed round the world in a record 5 months, 8 days, and 10 hours, including time in port.
		Lightning was not considered as beautiful as her consorts James Baines or Champion of the Seas.
	college.hmco.com /history/readerscomp/ships/html/sh_055300_lightning.htm (281 words)

	Northpinellas: Clipper takes couple back to sea
		The 439-foot Royal Clipper is equipped with five masts and 52,000 square feet of sail area designed to push the ship at 20 knots.
		The Royal Clipper is the first square-rigger with five masts since the Preussen was launched in Germany in 1902, according to Star Clippers.
		The Royal Clipper has three small swimming pools, a library, a forward observation lounge and a lounge for underwater observation, a fitness center, an atrium that stretches throughout the ship's three decks and a dining salon built to accommodate the passengers and crew in a single seating.
	www.sptimes.com /News/110900/NorthPinellas/Clipper_takes_couple_.shtml (591 words)

	Moonport, Ch22-2
		The spacecraft sustained a second lightning discharge 16 seconds later at an altitude of 4,400 meters.
		If the vehicle had been struck by lightning the damage would have been quite severe rather than a momentary dropout." When reporters pressed the matter, Stafford and Kapryan responded that NASA had quite a few people watching after liftoff and no one reported a sighting.
		Subsequently, the lightning reports from numerous viewers were substantiated by space vehicle data and KSC cameras.
	www.hq.nasa.gov /office/pao/History/SP-4204/ch22-2.html (1132 words)

	SLTrib Utah City Guide - Travel - Setting sail on the Royal Clipper
		Lightning flashed in the distant horizon as the setting sun played light tricks with the clouds.
		Because it is smaller, the clipper can dock in ports and near beaches that many of the giant ships avoid, making many of the ports of call a more intimate and authentic experience.
		"The advantage [of a clipper ship] is that you are close with the daily work on board the ship," said Muller-Cyran, a 30-year veteran of the German Navy who sailed as a hobby before taking over as the head of the Royal Clipper.
	www.utahcityguide.com /travel/4874.asp?print=yes (1071 words)

	Aerospaceweb.org \| Ask Us - Apollo 12 Lightning Strike
		Aboard the command module, named Yankee Clipper, was command module pilot Dick Gordon in the center seat, mission commander Pete Conrad to his left, and lunar module pilot Alan Bean seated to his right.
		Even though power was automatically switched to a battery backup system, the lightning had also cut off telemetry contact with Mission Control in Houston so that engineers on the ground had no data on what was going on inside the spacecraft.
		What the crew was not told, however, was of the ground controllers' concern that the lightning may have damaged the pyrotechnic system used to deploy the command module's parachutes prior to splashdown.
	www.aerospaceweb.org /question/spacecraft/q0140.shtml (999 words)

	MIT MUSEUM - Exhibitions & Galleries - The Clipper Ship Era
		In the midst of the industrial revolution, the clipper ships, the apex of merchant ship development, set many records for speed and profit—critical elements in the early decades of an expanding global economy.
		The Clipper Ship Era, on view at the MIT Museum through July 10, 2005, explores conditions that created the clipper ship, design aspects of these magnificent ships, and how they came to symbolize American enterprise.
		The Clipper Ship Era marks the 80th anniversary of the first exhibition in the Hart Nautical Collections and Museum, MIT's first dedicated exhibition space, which was founded in 1922 as part of the new Pratt School of Naval Architecture.
	web.mit.edu /museum/exhibitions/clippership.html (483 words)

	Clipper (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		A clipper was a very fast sailing ship.
		Often small, but with a large relative sail area they were used to ply the trade routes between western European countries and their colonies in the east.
		In the twentieth century, the term Clipper was applied to the flying boats that opened new global air routes, including vast stretches of the Pacific, to passenger service.
	www.theezine.net /c/clipper.html (149 words)

	Flash and Rumble
		Lightning is caused when static electricity builds up between rain clouds, or between rain clouds and the ground.
		Lightning bolts can jump from cloud to cloud or from a cloud to the ground.
		Lightning strikes on high ground or objects that stick out of the ground, like poles and trees.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/science_for_kids/108239 (576 words)

	Racing a Ghost Ship Q & A
		Great to hear your great-grandfather was aboard a clipper, but sorry to hear he was lost at sea.
		Lightning, on a voyage from Melbourne to Liverpool averaged 15 knots for 10 days across the southern ocean.
		I had the pleasure of crewing for Steve Wales in a Lightning class boat in the North American Men’s Senior Championship in 1970.
	www.sitesalive.com /ga2/private/qna/gaq05a.htm (735 words)

	Nor'easters and Alberta Clippers
		As a result of their high forward speed and dryness, the average Clipper rarely deposits huge snowfalls, dropping instead only a few centimetres (inches) of light, powdery snow in its passing.
		When Alberta Clippers moving across the Great Lakes bringing frigid, gusty northwest winds in their wake, major lake-effect snowfalls strike the lee shores, often bringing heavy snow to the region.
		Occasionally, an Alberta Clipper crosses the Appalachians heading southward and becomes re-energized by warm Atlantic coastal waters to be reborn a Nor'easter.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/13646/104087 (1072 words)

	Lightning, Launched 1854 (Model 1:96 scale)
		Lightning was an American-built clipper used for the voyage to Australia by the Black Ball Line of Liverpool.
		Reputed to be the fastest sailing ship on the route, Lightning covered 436 miles in twenty-four hours on her maiden voyage in 1854 and returned home in a record sixty-three days.
		Lightning was destroyed by fire in 1869 while loading wool at Melbourne.
	www.nmm.ac.uk /searchbin/searchs.pl?exhibit=it0795f&axis=982640849&flash=false&dev= (72 words)

	Hitachi Data Systems Introduces Freedom Storage Lightning 9900 (HDS Press Release) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Lightning 9900' s new internal switch architecture, developed and manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd., is a powerful complement to the external switches used to attach the storage unit to SANs.
		Taking advantage of all these architectural improvements, Lightning is designed to move large blocks of data about five times as fast as the 7700E and to execute approximately four times as many small-data-block transactions as the 7700E, which is already the world' s highest performing multi-platform subsystem.
		This lightning strikes the target right on three times.” ” The new Hitachi Lightning Series has the design attributes of a Ferrari pickup truck; to be as nimble and racy as a Ferrari, yet as capacious and useful as a pickup truck,” said Dan Tanner, Senior Analyst, Storage and Storage Management, Aberdeen Group.
	www.fr.hds.com /press_room/press_releases/2000/gl000626c.html (2233 words)

	Apollo 12
		Lightning struck the space vehicle twice, at 36.5 seconds and 52 seconds into the mission.
		The landing was rough - apparently Yankee Clipper hit a rising wave as it swung on its parachutes - hard enough to dislodge a 16-mm movie camera from its bracket and slant it into Alan Bean's forehead, momentarily stunning him and opening a 1-inch (2.5-centimeter) cut, which Conrad bandaged.
		During the transearth coast, views of the receding moon and the interior of the spacecraft were televised, and a question and answer session with scientists and the press was conducted.
	www.astronautix.com /flights/apollo12.htm (9609 words)

	Passenger Lists, Shipping Lists: Melbourne, Victoria, Australia - Voyages to Victoria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		"Lightning" was the first of four 2,000 ton clipper ships ordered from the famous shipyards of Donald McKay by James Baines for his Blackball Line of Packets.
		Regarded as possibly the fastest passenger ship on the Australian trade, she was capable of carrying up to 13,000 square yards of canvas and set a world record for the greatest distance travelled under sail in 24 hours - 436 nautical miles - during delivery voyage from America to England.
		The "Lightning" caught fire while loading wool at Geelong in 1869 and burnt at her moorings.
	shippinglists.museum.vic.gov.au /ship.asp?ID=4 (352 words)

	The Old Merchant Marine - Chapter VIII. The Packet Ships of the “Roaring Forties” (by Ralph D. Paine)
		She was a full clipper of 2515 tons, twice the size of the ablest packets, and was praised as “the most perfect sailing ship that ever entered the river Mersey.” Bound out from Boston to Liverpool, she anchored after twelve days and six hours at sea.
		This clipper, sent across the Atlantic on her maiden trip, left in her foaming wake a twenty-four hour run which no steamer had even approached and which was not equaled by the fastest express steamers until twenty-five years later when the greyhound Arizona ran eighteen knots in one hour on her trial trip.
		This clipper Lightning did her 436 sea miles in one day, or eighteen and a half knots, better than twenty land miles an hour, and this is how the surpassing feat was entered in her log, or official journal: “March 1.
	www.authorama.com /old-merchant-marine-8.html (3443 words)

	Clipper Ships
		Clipper was first a generic name to describe a very fast sailing ship such as the Baltimore Clipper which was a rakish topsail schooner popular with pirates privateers and slave runners.
		The coffee and opium clippers varied in size and might be schooner, brigantine, brig, bark, or ship rigged, but were equally sharp bowed for fast sailing.
		Hundreds of Yankee clippers roamed the globe carrying passengers and freight, they were remarkably fast; claims for speeds from 16 to 18 nautical mph are common, and exceptional speeds of up to 20 knots have been documented.while setting ocean sailing records that stand to challenge the tall ships of today
	www.schoonerman.com /clipper-sailing-ships.htm (985 words)

	SPACE.com -- Apollo 12's Stormy Beginning
		What no one had yet realized was that Apollo 12 had been struck by lightning.
		The bolt had knocked Yankee Clipper's power-producing fuel cells off line, and had even jolted the command module's navigation system.
		Everyone knew that the mighty Saturn 5 booster was still propelling the astronauts toward space with 7.5 million pounds of thrust.
	www.space.com /news/apollo12_blastoff_991112.html (615 words)

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