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Topic: Lightweight Directory Access Protocol

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RFC 3377

Communications protocol

	[No title]
		Protocol Model The general model adopted by this protocol is one of clients performing protocol operations against servers.
		This protocol makes no provisions for the return of referrals to clients, as the model is one of servers ensuring the performance of all necessary operations in the Directory, with only final results or errors being returned by servers to clients.
		Protocol Element Encodings The protocol elements of LDAP are encoded for exchange using the Basic Encoding Rules (BER) [12] of ASN.1 [11].
	www.ietf.org /rfc/rfc1777.txt (3381 words)

	LDAP: Lightweight Directory Access Protocol version 3 (LDAPv3)
		Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) is designed to provide access to the X.500 Directory while not incurring the resource requirements of the Directory Access Protocol (DAP).
		LDAP is specifically targeted at simple management applications and browser applications that provide simple read/write interactive access to the X.500 Directory, and is intended to be a complement to the DAP itself.
		LDAP v3 is defined by IETF (www.ietf.org) in RFC 2251, 2252, 2253, 2254, 2255, 2256, 2829, 2830 and 3377.
	www.javvin.com /protocolLDAP.html (451 words)

	Lightweight Directory Access Protocol - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		LDAP reduced its "weight" by only implementing a subset of the X.500 protocol and was originally designed as a gateway to X.500 servers rather than a complete standalone service.
		LDAP was originally intended to be a lightweight alternative protocol for accessing X.500 directory services.
		LDAP is defined in terms of ASN.1, and protocol messages are encoded in the binary format BER.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/LDAP (3592 words)

	An Introduction to LDAP
		LDAP directories use the concept of object classes to define which attributes are allowed for objects of any given type.
		LDAP directories are designed to store multiple values of a single type in this fashion, rather than storing the entire list in a single database field with some sort of delimiter to distinguish the individual values.
		LDAP servers can be set to replicate some or all of their data, on a push or a pull basis, using simple authentication or certificate-based authentication.
	www.ldapman.org /articles/intro_to_ldap.html (3731 words)

	RFC 2251 (rfc2251) - Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (v3)
		In keeping with the goal of easing the costs associated with use of the directory, it is an objective of this protocol to minimize the complexity of clients so as to facilitate widespread deployment of applications capable of using the directory.
		Elements of Protocol The LDAP protocol is described using Abstract Syntax Notation 1 (ASN.1) [3], and is typically transferred using a subset of ASN.1 Basic Encoding Rules [11].
		An X.501(1993) Matching Rule is identified in the LDAP protocol by the printable representation of its OBJECT IDENTIFIER, either as one of the strings given in [5], or as decimal digits with components separated by periods, e.g.
	www.faqs.org /rfcs/rfc2251.html (10886 words)

	Quest : Products : Integration and Identity Management Technologies Glossary : Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
		LDAP is an open standard that defines a method for accessing and updating directory information over a network.
		LDAP has gained rapid acceptance as the directory access method of the Internet and, as such, has become a strategic component within corporate intranets.
		LDAP directories use a standard schema available to all applications using the directory.
	www.quest.com /technology-glossary/ldap.aspx (249 words)

	Microsoft Strategy for Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) (Windows NT Server)
		Directory Services are a store for information on the organization, for example, phone/mail address book; the computing environment of an organization, for example, user accounts, printers, objects and so forth; and other miscellaneous information that needs to be located in a location independent manner.
		Subsets of the 1993 Directory Access Protocol (DAP)
		LDAP interoperability is just part of Microsoft's broad work toward a single system image, in which users and administrators do not have to be aware of the differences between systems on a multivendor network.
	www.microsoft.com /technet/archive/winntas/plan/ldapcmr.mspx (3885 words)

	What is LDAP?
		LDAP servers index all the data in their entries, and "filters" may be used to select just the person or group you want, and return just the information you want.
		LDAP is used to look up encryption certificates, pointers to printers and other services on a network, and provide "single signon" where one password for a user is shared between many services.
		LDAP servers exist at three levels: There are big public servers, large organizational servers at universities and corporations, and smaller LDAP servers for workgroups.
	www.gracion.com /server/whatldap.html (652 words)

	Lightweight Directory Access Protocol quick study
		Accessing an LDAP-based directory is accomplished by using a combination of DN, filter, and scope.
		LDAP is a specification of a protocol to allow users to access a directory.
		Key service aspects such as controlling access to the data, and facilities for replicating the data (for redundancy and performance) are not included in the LDAP specification.
	www.isrl.uiuc.edu /isaac/Habanero/Whitepapers/ldap_report.html (2008 words)

	Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
		It runs directly over TCP, and can be used to access a standalone LDAP directory service or to access a directory service that is back-ended by X.500.
		A widely used implementation of LDAP was written at the University of Michigan, where development was being supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. NCR-9416667.
		An online HTML archive of the ldap list was occasionally updated; a more complete, historical, archive is also available as one large text file.
	www.umich.edu /~dirsvcs/ldap/ldap.html (392 words)

	Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) is a lightweight version of the Directory Access Protocol, which is part of X.500.
		Being neither a directory nor a database, LDAP is an access protocol that defines operations for how clients can access and update data in a directory environment.
		LDAP is an important protocol to IP networking and is therefore important to the development and administration of mobile data applications.
	www.mobilein.com /ldap.htm (463 words)

	Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
		LDAP is a client-server directory access protocol based on X.500, but simpler, more efficient, and much more popular.
		LDAP directories and directory entries are hierarchically organized.
		LDAP directories are optimized for fast read access; hence, they may not be efficient for information which changes very rapidly.
	cc.cpe.ku.ac.th /~jim/ldap (1174 words)

	IT Architect \| Lightweight Directory Access Protocol \| January 1, 1998 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		An X.500 directory could be run on a mainframe, minicomputer, or other high-horsepower machine, while individuals with PCs and other computationally challenged machines could use LDAP to access the directory.
		LDAP can be used to get information from a directory (such as finding out a user's e-mail address), as well as to store information (such as creating a new account).
		LDAP 3 also provides a method for clients to discover the schema, which is a very important, much-needed capability.
	www.itarchitect.com /article/NMG20000727S0003 (2978 words)

	Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) Vulnerabilities
		A directory is a collection of information such as names, addresses, access control lists, and cryptographic certificates.
		Because LDAP servers are widely used in maintaining corporate contact information and providing authentication services, any threats to their integrity or stability can jeopardize the security of an organization.
		Block access to directory services at network perimeter As a temporary measure, it is possible to limit the scope of these vulnerabilities by blocking access to directory services at the network perimeter.
	www.ciac.org /ciac/bulletins/l-116.shtml (2969 words)

	Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)
		These directories can store a variety of information and can even be used in a manner similar to Network Information Service (NIS), enabling anyone to access their account from any machine on the LDAP enabled network.
		But LDAP is more flexible than a traditional phone directory, because it is capable of referring a querent to other LDAP servers throughout the world, providing an ad-hoc global repository of information.
		If the client application is attempting to modify information an LDAP directory, the server verifies that the user has permission to make the change and then adds or updates the information.
	www.redhat.com /docs/manuals/linux/RHL-9-Manual/ref-guide/ch-ldap.html (580 words)

	What is LDAP? - a definition from Whatis.com - see also: Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
		- LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) is a software protocol for enabling anyone to locate organizations, individuals, and other resources such as files and devices in a network, whether on the public Internet or on a corporate intranet.
		LDAP is lighter because in its initial version it did not include security features.
		An LDAP server that receives a request from a user takes responsibility for the request, passing it to other DSAs as necessary, but ensuring a single coordinated response for the user.
	searchmobilecomputing.techtarget.com /sDefinition/0,,sid40_gci214076,00.html (511 words)

	Net::LDAP - Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
		The default TCP port for LDAP is 389.
		LDAPS connections have some extra valid options, see the start_tls method for details.
		Note the default value for 'sslversion' for LDAPS is 'sslv2/3', and the default port for LDAPS is 636.
	cpan.uwinnipeg.ca /htdocs/perl-ldap/Net/LDAP.html (2356 words)

	The Mozilla Directory (LDAP) SDK Project
		LDAP stands for Lightweight Directory Access Protocol, and the protocol is an IETF Proposed Internet Standard.
		If you are interested in the standards work done on the LDAP protocol, you can view a collection of LDAP standards and proposals.
		The Mozilla LDAP SDKs enable you to write applications which access, manage, and update the information stored in an LDAP directory.
	www.mozilla.org /directory (251 words)

	Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) Vulnerabilities
		A directory is a collection of information such as names, addresses, access control lists, and cryptographic certificates.
		Because LDAP servers are widely used in maintaining corporate contact information and providing authentication services, any threats to their integrity or stability can jeopardize the security of an organization.
		Block access to directory services at network perimeter As a temporary measure, it is possible to limit the scope of these vulnerabilities by blocking access to directory services at the network perimeter.
	ciac.llnl.gov /ciac/bulletins/l-116.shtml (2969 words)

	eMailman® -- LDAP: the Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
		LDAP Browser by Softerra "is a lightweight version of LDAP Administrator with limited functionality and is absolutely FREE for all kinds of use including commercial!
		LDAP Brwoser/Editor by Jack Gawor is a Java-based LDAP client allowing you to browse and edit.
		Mail Directory System for Mac OS by CE Software (purchase) works with Apple Share IP or EIMS to not only act as a Ph and LDAP server but also collects incoming and outgoing e-mail addresses to add to the Ph and LDAP directories.
	www.emailman.com /ldap (694 words)

	What is LDAP? - A Word Definition From the Webopedia Computer Dictionary
		LDAP is based on the standards contained within the X.500 standard, but is significantly simpler.
		And unlike X.500, LDAP supports TCP/IP, which is necessary for any type of Internet access.
		Because LDAP is an open protocol, applications need not worry about the type of server hosting the directory.
	www.webopedia.com /quick_ref/LDAP.html (287 words)

	An LDAP Roadmap & FAQ -- Directory Services Information
		The protocol is known as "DAP" (Directory Access Protocol).
		LDAP is, like X.500, both an information model and a protocol for querying and manipulating it.
		The major difference is that the LDAP protocol itself is designed to run directly over the TCP/IP stack, and it lacks some of the more esoteric DAP protocol functions.
	www.kingsmountain.com /ldapRoadmap.shtml (2868 words)

	CERT Advisory CA-2001-18 Multiple Vulnerabilities in Several Implementations of the Lightweight Directory Access ...
		The PROTOS LDAPv3 test suite is divided into two main sections: the "Encoding" section, which tests an LDAP server's response to packets that violate the Basic Encoding Rules (BER), and the "Application" section, which tests an LDAP server's response to packets that trigger LDAP-specific application anomalies.
		The LDAP Service components of Microsoft Exchange 5.5 and Exchange 2000 contain vulnerabilities that cause affected LDAP servers to freeze in response to malformed LDAP requests generated by the PROTOS test suite.
		As a temporary measure, it is possible to limit the scope of these vulnerabilities by blocking access to directory services at the network perimeter.
	www.cert.org /advisories/CA-2001-18.html (3123 words)

	Citations: Lightweight directory access protocol (v3 - Howes, Kille, Wahl (ResearchIndex)
		LDAP servers can be hierarchical, with referrals to other LDAP servers which contain the directory service information for each site.
		For the purposes of protocol exchanges, all protocol operations are encapsulated in a common envelope.
		The protocol operations that are of primary interested with respect to the use of LDAP to store and resolve CORBA IORs are listed below: add allows a client to request the addition of an entry into the directory.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /context/302362/0 (1740 words)

	OL2000: (IMO) Lightweight Directory Access Protocol Usage
		LDAP is a directory service implementation that allows access to user information using the X.500 directory.
		By implementing this protocol, searching is much faster than if using the more ponderous Directory Access Protocol (DAP).
		LDAP searches are enabled through the Address Book in Outlook.
	support.microsoft.com /?kbid=196807 (569 words)

	LDAP \| LDAP Directory Technology Review
		Perhaps the most important issue here is the use of Directory Technology and the LDAP protocol to deliver a multi-management information system which provides functionality to different types of users who need to perform certain daily operations.
		An LDAP directory usually follows the X.500 model: it is a tree of entries, each of which consists of a set of named attributes with values.
		This project evaluates the suitability of such technology for implementing and delivering a competitive "control panel" application which can be provided to web hosting services companies to manage their network services and for their customers to manage the administrative aspects of their domain hosting accounts.
	ldap.namesatnames.co.uk (498 words)

	RFC 2253 (rfc2253) - Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (v3): UTF-8 Str
		In the Lightweight Directory Access Protocol, a string representation of distinguished names is transferred.
		It is not expected that LDAP clients with a human user interface would display these strings directly to the user, but would most likely be performing translations (such as expressing attribute type names in one of the local national languages).
		If the AttributeType is in a published table of attribute types associated with LDAP [4], then the type name string from that table is used, otherwise it is encoded as the dotted-decimal encoding of the AttributeType's OBJECT IDENTIFIER.
	www.faqs.org /rfcs/rfc2253.html (1595 words)

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