
	Where results make sense

Topic: Ligule

In the News (Thu 9 Jul 09)

Northern Trust

Marvin Harrison

Peter Chernin

Gary Locke

Match Play

Penelope Cruz

Mickey Rourke

AR Rahman

Danny Boyle

Hugh Jackman

	Grass-Like - Ligule (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The ligule appears to be a continuation of the leaf sheath and encircles or clasps the stem as does the leaf sheath.
		There are three basic types of ligules: membranous, a fringe of hairs (ciliate), and absent or lacking.
		Most grasses have ligules, and the shape, length, and appearance of the ligule margin provide consistent characters for separating genera and some species of grasses.
	el.erdc.usace.army.mil /aqua/apis/plants/html/grass_li.html (103 words)

	Our Co-op Online
		The ligule is a dense ring or cup of hairs on upper leaf surface at collar.
		Creeping bent-grass and red top are often considered as varieties of A. stolonifera being very similar to red-top in leaves and ligule and differing from it in habit of growth, the former producing long surface stolons and the latter rootstocks.
		A. alba is distinguished from Phleum pratense by the glabrous margins of collar, the absence of a notch at either side of ligule and by the prominently ridged upper surface of blade.
	www.ourcoop.com /pastures/grass.asp (2922 words)

	A Review of the Taxonomy of the Genus Echinacea
		First, the color of the ligule is often developmentally dependent, being paler in the early stage of inflorescence development, darkening with maturation and anthesis, and fading with senescence.
		Ligule color, when given, is for reference to ornamental potential and is described for the period when approximately half of the florets have passed through anthesis.
		Ligules are reflexed and broad relative to their length, that length being shorter than or equal to the width of the disk.
	www.hort.purdue.edu /newcrop/proceedings1999/v4-482.html (4313 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The ligule is the membrane, fringe of hairs or combination of those two (if present) where the base of the leaf blade attaches to the stem and usually can only be seen once you have pulled back the leaf blade and looked at the inside junction between the leaf and stem.
		The auricles are absent and the ligule is a fringe of hairs that are fused at the base with the longer hairs at the collar margin.
		The auricles are absent as is the ligule.
	www.ext.nodak.edu /extnews/pestreport/back-issues/19990726/graweetx.txt (557 words)

	Annual Grass and Perennial Weed Identification
		Leaf blades pubescent on upper surface; ligule a fringe of hairs; inflorescence a cylindrical head (compact panicle) about 3–5 inches long, drooping from the base; spikelets crowded, subtended by numerous bristles (usually three to six) which arise from the base of the spikelet.
		Leaf blades relatively hairless; ligule a fringe of hairs; inflorescence a cylindrical head (compact panicle) which is usually 3–4 inches long (but may be longer in robust green foxtail) and droops or nods from the tip; spikelets crowded, subtended by two to three bristles which arise from base of spikelet.
		Leaves smooth and relatively hairless; ligule a fringe of hairs; stems zigzagged, nodes prominent; inflorescence a spreading panicle, culms often have several panicles arising from lower-leaf sheaths, these often not fully extended from boot; spikelets small, with three apparent glumes, the first short and blunt.
	www.extension.umn.edu /distribution/cropsystems/DC1352.html (749 words)

	The maize gene liguleless2 encodes a basic leucine zipper protein involved in the establishment of the leaf ...
		ligule and cells distal to the ridge form the auricles.
		causing the ligule ridge to protrude from the adaxial leaf surface.
		Emerson, R.A. The inheritance of the ligule and
	www.genesdev.org /cgi/content/full/12/2/208 (5091 words)

	Comparison of Conventional Biological Tissue Preparation and Microwave Preparation for Scanning Electron Microscopy of ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The ligule is a fine ridge of epidermal cells that separates the blade and sheath tissue types.
		Among the effects of the morphological mutant extended auricle1 (eta) is the disruption of the continuity of the ligule (Osmont and Freeling, 2001).
		The ligule is a continuous ridge of cells spanning the leaf in the lateral dimension.
	biology.berkeley.edu /EML/class/DanChoffnes/DanChoffnes.html (1437 words)

	Scanning Electron Microscopy of the grass spider Hololena adnexa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The ligular region is composed of the ligule and auricle.
		The ligule is an epidermal fringe of tissue, which extends from the adaxial surface of the leaf.
		The first visible sign of ligule region development is an increase in anticlinal cell divisions on the adaxial epidermis of young leaf primoridia (Sylvester et al., 1990).
	biology.berkeley.edu /EML/class/KarenOsmont/KarenOsmont.html (1336 words)

	Plant Identification - Identify common species of forage. - National Forage and Grasslands Curriculum
		collar-membranous truncated, rounded, small ligule, no aruicle, sheath is closed and may have small hairs.
		Meadow foxtail is often confused with timothy but has fewer leaves, has very early maturation, and the spike can be easily pulled from the peduncle and timothy has more leaves, matures late in the growing season and its inflorescence cannot be easily pulled from the peduncle.
		collar-tall abrupt, jagged tipped ligule that is wider than sheath, no auricles.
	forages.oregonstate.edu /nfgc/topics.cfm?ID=116 (886 words)

	The Identification of ... Grasses ... - Page 13 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The length, however, is variable to a certain' degree within a species depending on growth conditions, position on the plant and age of the plant.
		Margins of ligules often become worn, split or frayed in old leaves, so care should be taken to examine those of young, fresh blades.
		The texture and colour of the ligule varies between species; for example, it is thin and scarious in Arrhenatherum elatius, thin and white in Poa annua, and thick and opaque in Bromus ciliatus.
	www.caf.wvu.edu /~Forage/library/cangrass/page13.htm (180 words)

	Facts about topic: (Poaceae) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Leaves (The period of time during which you are absent from work or duty), arising at nodes, alternate, distichous (in one plane) or rarely spiral, and parallel-veined.
		Leaves differentiated into a lower sheath hugging the stem for a distance and a blade with margin usually entire; a ligule (a membranous appendage or ring of hairs) lies at the junction between sheath and blade.
		Fruit (The ripened reproductive body of a seed plant) a caryopsis (Dry seedlike fruit produced by the cereal grasses: e.g.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/p/po/poaceae.htm (345 words)

	AG Plant Core, Chapter 3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The sheath encloses the bud shoot and is connected to the leaf blade at the collar.
		The ligule is located on the inner side of the leaf blade and appears as an extension of the sheath at its intersection with the blade.
		Ligules are hairlike or membranous and vary in length and shape.
	pested.unl.edu /catmans/agplant.skp/agplch3.htm (9678 words)

	untitled
		Ligules clasp the stem at the junction of the leaf blade and sheath.
		It is found in dense, spreading, patches and is extremely objectionable because of the barbed burs which easily pierce the skin.
		It is one of the first grasses to begin growth in the spring and it is difficult to control.
	www2.ncsu.edu /unity/lockers/project/pestmngt4/srurban/CHAP4/OPM/chap7.htm (2917 words)

	Ligules (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The ligule is a small structure that can be found by pulling back the leaf blade from the stem.
		A microscope is ideal for viewing ligules, but in practical cases, is not possible for most people.
		Membranous ligules are found on crabgrass species (below left center photo) and other common examples including annual bluegrass (below right center photo), downy brome, orchardgrass, goosegrass and seedling shattercane and johnsongrass.
	www.psu.missouri.edu /fishel/ligules.htm (147 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The overall goal of this research project is to understand the process of ligule formation in maize.
		The ligule is a defined group of cells that change their polarity and their rates of cell division during leaf formation to form a hinge-like structure.
		This process is highly amenable to genetic dissection and molecular analysis because ligules are dispensable organs that can be completely abolished by mutations that have little effect on plant viability or fertility.
	www.cs.utexas.edu /users/yguan/NSFAbstracts/Abstracts/BIO/IBN.BIO.a9973568.txt (306 words)

	The identification of certain native and naturalized grasses by their vegetative characters
		Base of plant bulb-like; ligule distinctly notched on either side; meadows and roadsides.
		Erect, loosely tufted, glabrous; ligule 2 to 5 mm.
		wide; ligule truncate or obtuse, lacerate or slightly ciliate, 2 to 6 mm.
	www.agr.gc.ca /csb/cal/epub/762e/7620007_e.html (404 words)

	Grass Mechanics 101
		Some of these parts, such as the blade, node, and more often the ligule, are used to identify grasses when more readily identifiable parts such as the seed head are absent.
		One of the key things to remember in grass mechanics is that leaf growth stops when the ligule is formed, and sheath growth stops when the ligule is exposed (figure 3).
		However, once the ligule is there, further tiller growth will have to come from other leaves that haven't formed ligules or from previously developed axillary buds.
	www.noble.org /ag/forage/grassmechanics101 (1008 words)

	The establishment of axial patterning in the maize leaf -- Foster et al. 131 (16): 3921 -- Development
		ligule is an epidermally derived fringe, and the auricles are
		(B) In the absence of lg1, ligule and auricle are deleted, the blade-sheath boundary is shifted distally, and the base of the blade is narrower than in wild-type leaves.
		Misexpression of lg1 in Wab1 leaves results in ectopic ligule and auricle, and partially compensates for the narrow leaf phenotype at the base of the blade.
	dev.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/131/16/3921 (5240 words)

	Learn more about Poaceae in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Leaves, arising at nodes, are alternate, distichous (in one plane) or rarely spiral.
		Leaves are differentiated into a sheath hugging the stem for a short distance and a blade with margin usually entire; a ligule (a membranous appendage or ring of hairs) lies on top at the junction between sheath and blade.
		Flowers are small, without petals, borne clustered in an inflorescence, often a spike or tassel, and wind-pollinated.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /p/po/poaceae.html (242 words)

	Bermudagrass or Wire Grass
		Leaves are rolled in the bud, leaf blades are smooth on both surfaces, and the ligule is a row of hairs approximately 1/2 mm long.
		Leaves are rolled in the bud, without auricles, and have a ligule that is a fringe of hairs approximately 1/2 mm long.
		Nimblewill (Muhlenbergia schreberi) is similar in appearance and growth habit, however nimblewill plants are generally smaller than those of bermudagrass and have a membranous ligule unlike the ligule that is a fringe of hairs on bermudagrass.
	www.ppws.vt.edu /scott/weed_id/cynda.htm (350 words)

	Nimblewill
		Leaves are rolled in the bud, without auricles, and with a very short membranous ligule.
		Leaf blades are relatively small, ranging from 3/4 to 3 inches in length and 2 to 4 mm in width.
		The ligule is very short (<1/2 mm) and membranous with distinctive teeth along the top.
	www.ppws.vt.edu /scott/weed_id/muhsc.htm (279 words)

	Integrated Pest & Crop Management Newsletter - University of Missouri (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Nearly all of the characteristics for seedling grasses are found in the collar region, the area of the blade that bends off of the stem.
		The ligule is a projection at the base of the leaf blade.
		Fall panicum and giant foxtail will have ligules which are similar in size to the crabgrasses; however, this ligule will appear as a ring of hairs.
	ipm.missouri.edu /ipcm/archives/v10n8/ipmltr4.htm (542 words)

	Release of Compass Plant Germplasm
		NF-1 Profuse Ligule, tested under the designation NF-1 Double Blossom, is a half-sib population derived from a single plant expressing the profuse ligule trait.
		NF-1 and NF-1 Profuse Ligule should be useful in developing improved cultivars or novel germplasm, as well as studying the biology of compass plant.
		Limited quantities of seed of NF-1 (200 seeds) and NF-1 Profuse Ligule (10 seeds) will be available for breeding, research, and educational purposes upon written or e-mail request to the senior author.
	www.noble.org /ForgBiot/OtherReports/CompassPlant (427 words)

	[No title]
		Identification characteristics such as the inflorescence are not allowed to develop on manicured lawns, thus we use other characteristics such as the leaf blade and its tip (Figure 1).
		Further identification characteristics include the type of ligules, auricles and collars where the leaf attaches to the stem.
		N] 5a Ligule a fringe of hairs, stolons and rhizomes, leaf blade broad and coarse
	www.uoguelph.ca /GTI/software/turfid/part4.htm (1058 words)

	The Dominant Mutant Wavy auricle in blade1 Disrupts Patterning in a Lateral Domain of the Maize Leaf -- Hay and Hake ...
		background, are the disrupted ligule and ectopic sheath sectors.
		the ligule is reoriented parallel to the proximal distal axis
		Leaf width was measured at the ligule (L) and at a midpoint
	www.plantphysiol.org /cgi/content/full/135/1/300 (5353 words)

	Weed Identification \| Affordable Lawn, Inc
		A Tufted annual, soft, light green in color with a boat shaped tip, long ligule and folded in the bud.
		Leaf blade green to purple with prominent mid rib, smooth on both surfaces, with few long hairs at leaf base and behind ligule at base of leaf blade.
		Ligule tall, membranous, either sharply or bluntly tipped.
	www.afflawn.com /WeedID.htm (1232 words)

	How To Describe A Nereid
		This is a ligule which carries the neurosetae (Figure 3-2a).
		Ventral to the setigerous ligule is the inferior neuropodial ligule (Figure 3-2b) and ventral to this ligule is the ventral cirrus (Figure 3-V.C.).
		The ligules of these parapodia become flap–like and accessory fleshy processes are developed.
	www.nhm.ac.uk /research-curation/projects/taxinfo/help/howto_ne.htm (1064 words)

	Annual Grass and Perennial Weed Seedling Identification
		Leaf sheath round, pubescent, open; leaf blade relatively free of hairls on both surfaces: ligule a fringe of hairs.
		Leaf sheath round, open, smooth and free of hairs; leaf blade hairless; ligule a fringe of hairs.
		Leaf sheath round, open, pubescent; leaf blades may be smooth or pubescent; ligule membranous, short; older leaves bear a pair of auricles (short claw-like appendages that are attached to the leaf collar at base of blade); plants may arise from seed or from white rhizomes (underground stems).
	www.extension.umn.edu /distribution/cropsystems/DC1351.html (446 words)

	Olympus FluoView Resource Center: Confocal Gallery - Grass Leaf
		Blades are typically flat, but in some grass species they curl into a thin, tube-like shape in order to reduce surface area and loss of water from the plant.
		A small, strap-like structure located at the junction between each leaf sheath and blade is known as the ligule.
		The function of the ligule is not known for certain, but it is considered by some to have evolved as a means to thwart water molecules from invading the sheath.
	www.olympusfluoview.com /gallery/plants/grassleaf.html (328 words)

	Identification of cereal seedlings (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The ligule is a projecting flap or collar located at the junction of the leaf-blade and leaf-sheath.
		The ligule prevents water entering inside the leaf-sheath where it might be retained and cause rotting.
		The auricles are located at the lower end of the leaf-blade, where it meets the leaf-sheath.
	www.nre.vic.gov.au /DPI/nreninf.nsf/childdocs/-22C871BE2A0105794A2568B30004D413-19BEB5ECB3BFD81BCA256BC70082428C-16CF0BAED10259E34A256DEA0027901E-4054125108063FFDCA256C1A001B3C67?open (542 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)