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Topic: Ligurian Republic

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	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Ligurian language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Ligurian language was spoken in pre-Roman times and into the Roman era by an ancient people of north-western Italy and south-eastern France known as the Ligures.
		Location within Italy Genoa (Italian Genova, Genoese (dialect of Ligurian) Zena, French GÃªnes, German Genua, Spanish GÃ©nova, Galician XÃ©nova) is a city and a seaport in northern Italy, the capital of the Province of Genoa and of the region of Liguria.
		Ligurian is sometimes also applied to a Romance language currently spoken in Liguria, a region of Italy, and in Monaco.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Ligurian-language (939 words)

	Europe
		Bounded on the N by Germany and the Czech Republic, on the E by Hungary, on the S by Slovenia and Italy, and on the W by Liechtenstein and Switzerland, Austria has a total boundary length of 2,562 km (1,588 mi).
		Germany shares boundaries with Denmark and the Baltic Sea (north), Poland and the Czech Republic (east), Austria (southeast), Switzerland (south), France (southwest), Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands (west), and the North Sea (northwest).
		Within the frontiers of Italy are the sovereign Republic of San Marino, with an area of 61.2 sq km(23.6 sq mi), and the sovereign state of Vatican City, which covers 44 hectares (108.7 acres).
	www.nationsencyclopedia.com /Europe (3786 words)

	Republic of Genoa information - Search.com
		The Republic of Genoa, in full the Most Serene Republic of Genoa (known as the Ligurian Republic from 1798 to 1805) was an independent state in Liguria on the northwestern Italian coast from ca.
		In 1797 the Republic was occupied by the French revolutionary army of Napoleon Bonaparte, who overthrew the old elites who had ruled the city for all of its history, and replaced them with a popular republic known as the Ligurian Republic.
		British troops suppressed the republic in December of 1814, and it was annexed by Sardinia on January 3, 1815.
	www.search.com /reference/Republic_of_Genoa (782 words)

	Rete Civica della Spezia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		As the capital of the short-lived seigniory of Niccolò Fieschi between 1256 and 1273 it was inevitably bound up with the vicissitudes of Genoa up to the fall of the Ligurian Republic, and hence adapted itself as it grew to meet the demands of the Ligurian capital.
		And its Ligurian essence can still be perceived both in the street arrangement and in the types of building and decoration.It can be perceived when walking down the carrugio* which cuts the old town in half, via Prione.
		Ligurian towns are made up of just such carrugi, where "tower houses" have been joined together for defence purposes and form a continuous building.
	www.comune.sp.it /citta/guida_en/luoghi_storici_en.htm (653 words)

	Republic of Genoa - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Republic of Genoa, in full the Most Serene Republic of Genoa (known as the Ligurian Republic from 1798 to 1805) was an independent state in Liguria on the northwestern Italian coast from ca.
		In 1797 the Republic was occupied by the French revolutionary army of Napoleon Bonaparte, who overthrew the old elites who had ruled the city for all of its history, and replaced them with a popular republic known as the Ligurian Republic.
		British troops suppressed the republic in December of 1814, and it was annexed by Sardinia on January 3, 1815.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Republic_of_Genoa (812 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Ligurian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Ligurian Sea, arm of the Mediterranean Sea, between the Ligurian coast (Italian Riviera) and the islands of Corsica and Elba; the Gulf of Genoa is its northernmost part.
		It borders on France in the northwest, the Ligurian Sea and the Tyrrhenian Sea in the west, the Ionian Sea in the south, the Adriatic Sea in the east, Slovenia in the
		Through these windows, passengers are taunted by fleeting glimpses of their destination: a stretch of beach; a nodding boat; a sheer cliff; a waterfall of wisteria.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Ligurian (616 words)

	Ligurian Republic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The flag of the Republic of Genoa was used also by its successor, the Ligurian Republic.
		After the fall of Napoleon in 1814 the republic was briefly restored between April 28 and July 28.
		The Ligurian Republic used the traditional Genoese flag, a red cross on a white background.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ligurian_Republic (178 words)

	JEWISH AND KOSHER ITALY - REGION OF LIGURIA
		Apart from the chief provincial towns (Genoa has two fifths of the region's population), the important towns are Sanremo, Ventimiglia and Albenga on the Riviera di Ponente (the western Riviera) and Sestri Levante, Rapallo and Chiavari on the Riviera di Levante (the eastern).
		The Ligurian dialect, common to the whole region though with differing shades of meaning near the Piedmont and Tuscany boundaries, belongs to the Italo-Celtic dialects of Northern Italy.
		At a national level, Ligurian livestock rearing is irrelevant, and considering that the whole length of the region lies on the sea, fishing is a minor activity.
	www.kosherdelight.com /ItalyLiguria.htm (3028 words)

	The Historical Atlas of Europe Benelux 1795
		In the Eighteenth century the Dutch Republic was slowly torn apart by internal and external tensions.
		In the later days of the Batavian Republic a Head of State with the title of Pensionary of the Council, reminiscent of the title of Johan van Oldenbarneveldt., (see Benelux page on 1609) was installed, equivalent to the First-Consul (Bonaparte) in France.
		It is the tragedy of the Dutch Republic and the Netherlands as a whole in a nutshell.
	home.versatel.nl /gerardvonhebel/b1798.htm (863 words)

	Genoa, Italy
		Genoa (in Italian Genóva), capital of the region of Liguria, lies in the Gulf of Genoa (Golfo di Genova), the northern bay of the Ligurian Sea.
		In the 10th century A.D. it was an independent republic, which in 1284, after almost 200 years of war, finally defeated its most dangerous competitor, Pisa, in the naval battle of Meloria.
		In 1805 the "Ligurian Republic" was incorporated in the Napoleonic Empire, and ten years later (1815) became part of the Kingdom of Sardinia and Piedmont.
	www.planetware.com /italy/genoa-i-li-g.htm (637 words)

	History Of Italy
		The duchy of Milan, the republics of Florence and Venice, the Papal States, and the kingdom of Naples were the most important entities in the Italian Peninsula.
		It took the name of the Italian Republic, but in 1804 this was changed to the kingdom of Italy when Napoleon declared himself emperor and crowned himself king of Italy in the cathedral of Milan.
		The Venetian Republic was not reinstated, and the lands once ruled by Venice now formed part of the kingdom of Lombardy and Venetia that was administered from Vienna through an Austrian viceroy in Milan.
	members.tripod.com /~worldsite/italy/history.html (18405 words)

	Genoa - Search View - MSN Encarta
		Little is known of Genoese history from the fall of the Roman Empire (476) until the 11th century, by which time the city had become a maritime republic governed by consuls.
		The oligarchy of prosperous merchants and bankers that had ruled the Genoese Republic after 1257 subsequently dealt on equal terms with the courts of popes and kings.
		Although powerful neighbours, France and Piedmont, dominated the city, Genoese independence was respected until 1797, when Napoleon Bonaparte abolished the dogeship and incorporated Genoa into the newly organized Ligurian Republic, which in turn was absorbed by the French Empire in 1805.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /text_761551568__1/Genoa.html (1018 words)

	Properties Around Italy - Liguria - General Info
		The coastal strip forms the Italian Riviera; further inland are the Ligurian Alps, on the west, and the Ligurian Apennines on the east.
		The Ligurian coast enjoys a typical mediterranean climate, compared to the semi-continental climate of the Po valley to the north; in January, Genoa records an average temperature of about 8-10°C, with no frost, which can occur only in the mountainous interior.
		The Ligurian Republic proved short-lived, however, and was annexed directly by France in 1805.
	www.propertiesarounditaly.com /region/4/liguria (443 words)

	WHKMLA : History of the Ligurian Republic, 1797-1805
		In 1797, French troops controlling Northern Italy, the Republic of Genoa was renamed Ligurian Republic and given a government similar to that in France.
		In the Treaty of Campo Formio, the young republic was recognized by Austria.
		Reestablished as the (ancien regime-type) Genoan Republic in 1814, it was incorporated into Sardinia-Piemont by the Vienna Congress in 1815.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/italy/ligurian.html (350 words)

	ITALIA - Genoa Museums
		The home where Giuseppe Mazzini was born preserves documents and memorabilia of the Risorgimento (autographs, objects, uniforms, flags) that illustrate a historic journey from Balilla to Rome, the capital city of a united Italy, passing through the Jacobins, the Ligurian Republic, Giovine Italia,1848, the wars of Independence and the feat of Garibaldi's Mille.
		Promotes the search for Genoese and Ligurian artists and holds a rich collection of 20th century art, including the important Cernuschi Ghiringhelli Collection which documents abstract art in Italy from the 1930s to the early '80s.
		Collection of Ligurian paintings from the 14th to the 19th centuries (Semino, Perin del Vaga, Cambiaso, Castello, Strozzi, Ansaldo, Fiasella, Piola, Grechetto, Cominetti, Fambaldi) and European majolica (17th -19th centuries).
	www.italiantourism.com /genoa.html (1502 words)

	Marseille History travel: Visit, Maps, Prehistoric, Ligurian, Greek - Phoenician, Greek, History, France - Provence ...
		For most of the long history of Marseilles, the town occupied the same fortified 70 hectares on the north side of the Old Port from its founding until 1660.
		The Ligurians occupied this part of the coast well before the arrival of the Phocaeans (Greeks from Asia Minor).
		A banquet was held for the Ligurian warriors seeking the hand of the daughter, and at the end of the meal the girl would enter with a cup of wine which she would present to the warrior she desired.
	www.beyond.fr /villages/marshistory.html (1174 words)

	Genoa - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Crusades brought Genoa great wealth, and the republic acquired possessions and trading privileges in areas from Spain to the Crimea.
		Meanwhile, the Genoese republic was weakened by factional strife between Guelphs and Ghibellines, between nobles and the popular party.
		In 1797, French military pressure resulted in the end of aristocratic rule and the formation of the Ligurian Republic, which Napoleon I formally annexed to France in 1805.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-genoa.html (774 words)

	Heraldry in Pre-Unification Italy
		The Republic of Genoa lasted until 1797; it was replaced by the Ligurian Republic (1797-1805) which kept the flag, and briefly revived in December 1814 before article 86 of the treaty of Vienna gave Genoa to the kingdom of Sardinia.
		In 1848, the tricolor became the flag of the kingdom of Sardinia (with the arms of the house of Savoie in center) and in 1860 that of the kingdom of Italy.
		In the wake of the French invasion, a Anconine Republic was proclaimed in Ancona on November 19, 1797.
	www.heraldica.org /topics/national/italy2.htm (5752 words)

	Comunità Montana Valli Stura e Orba
		Forage for the cattle feeding (manly it dealt with cows and sheeps) was gathered in the upper pastures.
		At the end of the century, after the revolutionary events, Campo and the other imperial Ligurian feuds were annexed to the Ligurian Republic and later to the French Empire (1805).
		As a matter of fact the Republic couldn’t stand the presence of enemy forces in Masone and its castle, because of their strategic position.
	www.cmvallisturaorba.it /valley/storia.htm (2409 words)

	Reign and Fall of the Roman Beast - The Harvest Herald
		Inspired by the ideals of the French Revolution, and supported by the expanding French armies, new republican regimes arose near France: the Batavian Republic in the Netherlands (1795-1806), the Helvetic Republic in Switzerland (1798-1803), the Cisalpine Republic in N Italy (1797-1805), the Ligurian Republic in Genoa (1797-1805), and the Parthenopean Republic in S Italy (1799).
		The modern European republics which were once part of the Roman empire will, in the end of the age combine their power into a confederacy in opposition to the fast approaching Kingdom of God.
		All that remains is for the ten Republics which were once part of the old Roman empire to combine forces into a confederacy and enforce law in opposition to God's people.
	www.harvestherald.com /prophecy.htm (2866 words)

	Genoa: History — Infoplease.com
		The Crusades brought Genoa great wealth, and the republic acquired possessions and trading privileges in areas from Spain to the Crimea.
		Meanwhile, the Genoese republic was weakened by factional strife between Guelphs and Ghibellines, between nobles and the popular party.
		In 1797, French military pressure resulted in the end of aristocratic rule and the formation of the Ligurian Republic, which Napoleon I formally annexed to France in 1805.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/world/A0858355.html (448 words)

	Ciaoalessandria - La città di Ovada
		Ovada followed therefore the fates of Ligurian Republic with the exception of a period of a few years when it stayed under the dominion of the Dukes of Milan, until the 1814 when, after the Wien Conference, it passed definitively under the sovereignty of the Reign of Sardinia.
		In 1935, as a result of the collapse of the dam of Ortiglieto di Molare, that caused a flood on the Orba torrent, the entire area beyond Orba of Ovada was destroyed and tens of people died and many were dispersed.
		The Ligurian past can be traced in the urban and architectonic system of the historical centre, in the characteristic disposition of the houses and of the Genovese “carrugi”, with their solar, although faded-away, colours.
	www.ciaoalessandria.it /eng/ovada/intro/ovada.htm (403 words)

	Pisa - WOI Encyclopedia Italia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Pelasgi, the Greeks, the Etruscans and the Ligurians have variously been proposed as founders of the city.
		Amalfi, one of the Maritime Republics ((though already declining under Norman rule), was conquered on August 6 1136: the Pisans destroyed the ships in the port, assaulted the castles in the surrounding areas and drove back an army sent by Roger from Aversa.
		The Ligurian republic of Genoa, however, recovered fast from this blow and won back Lerici, conquered by the Pisans some years earlier, in 1256.
	www.wheelsofitaly.com /wiki/index.php?title=Pisa&printable=yes (3714 words)

	[No title]
		Bologna and Ferrara became the Cispadine Republic; Milan the centre of the Transpandane Republic; Geno the Ligurian Republic and Venice was handed over to Austria in exchange for her Belgian provinces.
		In 1798 a republic was established in Naples (the Parthenopean Republic), but the radicals were massacred by a peasant army led by Cardinal Fabrizio Ruffo and the Borbons returned.
		In 1799 it was suggested to Napoleon by the Assembly that the Cisalpine Republic should be renamed Italy.
	www.rosmini.org /docs/Background.doc (3863 words)

	Italian Unification
		An insurrection in 1848 caused pope Pius IX to flee Rome and a republic was proclaimed.
		Roman Republic declared; Ferdinand IV enters Rome (later retaken by French); Abdication of Charles Emmanuel IV of Savoy.
		Successful revolution in Milan; Venice proclaimed a Republic; Charles Albert [Piedmont and Sardinia] invades Lombardy; Tuscan forces invade Lombardy; Naples constitution denied; Union of Venetia and Piedmont declared, soon overthrown; Battle of Custozza, Charles Albert defeated.
	www.arcaini.com /ITALY/ItalyHistory/ItalianUnification.htm (1463 words)

	Phoenicia, Phoenicians Founded Genoa
		In 1261 the republic conquered, colonized and founded many cities over the Black sea shores: for example the turkish Amastris and Amisos, the crimean Balaklava and Caffa (Now Feodsiya, the town fell to Russia in 1783), all the lands in the Azov sea, and many other minor sites.
		As the procession was returning from the cathedral, a dispute arose between the representatives of the republics of Genoa and Venice on a question of precedence.
		On June 15, 1797 the "Ligurian Republic" was created by Ligurian-Corsican born (in those years was a Genoese Province) Napoleone Buonaparte (after French nationalization called Napoleon Bonaparte), organizing the conquered city of Genoa and its environs.
	phoenicia.org /genoa.html (6053 words)

	Liguria Republic (1797-1814) (Italy) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Liguria Republic existed from 14 June 1797 to May 1800, From 24 June 1800 to June 1805 and from 28 April 1814 to December 1814.
		It used the same flag as Genoa Republic (white with red saint George cross) as it is quoted in the constitution of 26 June 1802 and in the laws of 28 July 1814, but it is not quoted in the Constitution of 2 December 1798 (but exist a quotation to "the old banner").
		569) can be seen an image with the caption "proclamation of the ligurian republic in genoa on june 14th" (a period illustration).
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/it_lig.html (349 words)

	THE ARMY OF THE MOST SERENE REPUBLIC OF GENOA IN THE AUSTRIAN SUCCESSION WAR
		As it might be known in the 17th and 18th centuries the existance of the Most Serene Republic of Genoa was often shaken with many adversities and its small army did not live in peace, especially in the 17th century (wars against the duke of Savoy, several bombardments by the French navy).
		After some successes in the early part of the campaign the Ligurian army was involved in the collapse of the Bourbonian armies and the republic, left pratically alone, could not compete with the troops of the enemy led by the Field Marshal Botta Andorno and was compelled to capitulate.
		The cockade was in the Republic's colours, ie.
	www.magweb.com /sample/s18nq/s1812geo.htm (1423 words)

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