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Topic: Lilybaeum

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	The Regional Archaeological Museum Baglio Anselmi
		The museum, part of the Archaeological Park of Lilybaeum, was chosen to house the Marsala Punic Warship as well as the archaeological remains illustrating the history of Lilybaeum and its environs, from Prehistory to the Middle Ages.
		Lilybaeum (the present Marsala) was built on the headland at the westernmost tip of Sicily, opposite the north African coast.
		Lilybaeum soon became an impregnable Carthaginian stronghold which covered a large quadrangular area, protected by the sea and by a mighty town wall and fortified by towers.
	www2.rgzm.de /navis/Musea/Marsala/MuseoMarsalaEnglish.htm (1455 words)

	Lilybaeum: Free Encyclopedia Articles at Questia.com Online Library
		...led a force of Rhodians and Cnidans to Lilybaeum, the extreme western point of Sicily...destruction to the Phoenician settlements, as Lilybaeum dominated the sea-lane to Motya.
		Since Lilybaeum was a Gothic property that had been ceded to the Vandals as dowry for Amalasunthas murdered aunt...
		LILYBAEUM lilibe m, ancient city of Sicily, on the extreme western coast.
	www.questia.com /library/encyclopedia/lilybaeum.jsp (611 words)

	Leaders and Battles: Lilybeaum,
		In 250 BC the victory at Panormus was followed by a siege of the chief Punic base at Lilybaeum (Marsala) on the western tip of Sicily - the most important Carthaginian base in Sicily - together with Drepanum (Trapani), by land and sea.
		Lilybaeum was the most important Carthaginian base in Sicily and was extremely strongly fortified with excellent natural defences, and could not be taken by outright assault.
		With favourable wind, he was able to sweep right by the Romans, who were afraid to risk the impact caused by such relatively high speeds, and were also limited by their slower ships which would have had some difficulty catching the Carthaginian ships.
	www.lbdb.com /TMDisplayBattle.cfm?Bid=446 (317 words)

	Marsala - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Neither Pyrrhus nor the Romans were able to reduce it by siege, but it was surrendered to the latter in 241 BC at the end of the First Punic War.
		Little remains of the ancient Lilybaeum (fragments of the city walls, of squared stones, and some foundations of buildings between the walls and the sea) are visible; and the so-called grotto and spring of the Sibyl may be mentioned.
		To the east of the town is a great fosse which defended it on the land side, and beyond this again are quarries like those of Syracuse on a small scale.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Marsala (400 words)

	The Eagle Has Landed (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		It was the strategy of the Epirote king to quickly take this city, the most important on the island of Sicily, and having accomplished this to return to Italy and relieve the garrison of Capua.
		The defending SPs (15 infantry, 2 cavalry) are dispersed to seventeen non-city hexes in Western Sicily.
		Lilybaeum was now invested by over 30,000 of Pyrrhus's warriors, and this filled the garrison with fear and trepidation.
	pathirtle.i8.com /277.htm (2041 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Lilybaeum
		Lilybaeum LILYBAEUM [Lilybaeum], ancient city of Sicily, on the extreme western coast.
		The ancient Lilybaeum, it was later renamed Marsah al Allah [port of God] by the Arabs.
		From mountain bases near Palermo he made repeated raids on the Romans and relieved the Punic garrison in Lilybaeum.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Lilybaeum (407 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Mazzara Del Vallo
		The port very early attracted a Megarian colony (630 B.C.); in 409 B.C. it was taken by the Carthaginians; and in 249 was completely destroyed and its inhabitants deported to Lilybaeum (Marsala).
		In the struggle of the Saracens against the Normans for the possession of the island, Mazzara was hotly contested, especially in 1075 when the Saracens were completely routed by Count Roger.
		Of the bishops of Lilybaeum the best known is Paschasinus, legate of Leo I at the Council of Chalcedon (451).
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/10094b.htm (296 words)

	250 B.C. - events and references
		The Romans besiege Lilybaeum by land and sea.
		The Carthaginian commander Himilco foils a plot to betray Lilybaeum.
		Hannibal the son of Hamilcar arrives at Lilybaeum with reinforcements.
	www.attalus.org /bc3/year250.html (296 words)

	Gesco (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Gesco is known as the man who defended Lilybaeum (Marsala in western Sicily) against the Romans during the final stages of the First Punic War (264-241).
		He kept this Carthaginian to the very end of the war, and he was therefore considered to be one of Carthage's war heroes.
		In March 241, the Roman proconsul Gaius Lutatius Catulus defeated the Carthaginian fleet of Hanno at the Aegatean islands, to the west of Lilybaeum and Drepana, the last two Carthaginian ports on Sicily.
	www.livius.org /ga-gh/gesco/gesco.html (315 words)

	Marko Marelic, Roman conquest of the Mediterranean and the Adriatic
		Their attack upon Lilybaeum was their first notable attempt at scientific siege-craft (in which the officers of King Hiero no doubt gave them the necessary lessons).
		The danger to Lilybaeum, moreover, roused the Carthaginians to refit their long neglected fleet and to put their superior seamanship to better use.
		With Lilybaeum and Drepana now past all hope of rescue, and the way open for a new invasion of Africa by the Romans, the Punic government accepted peace on the enemy's terms.
	www.korcula.net /history/mmarelic/rom_conquest.htm (3789 words)

	Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, page 269 (v. 2) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Commander of the Carthaginian garrison at Lilybaeum, at the end of the first Punic war.
		241), Hamilcar Barca having brought down his troops from Eryx to Lilybaeum, resigned his command in disgust, and left to Gisco the charge of conducting them from thence to Carthage.
		The consequence was, the breaking out of a general mutiny among them, which ultimately led to the sanguinary civil war known by the name of the Inexpiable.
	www.ancientlibrary.com /smith-bio/1377.html (856 words)

	The Internet Classics Archive \| The African Wars by Julius Caesar
		Designing to embark immediately, though he had only one legion of new levies, and not quite six hundred horse, he ordered his tent to be pitched so near the sea-side that the waves lashed the very foot of it.
		Leaving all other affairs to the care of Allienus the praetor, who then commanded in the island; and strictly charging him to use the utmost expedition in embarking the remainder of the troops; he set sail the sixth day before the calends of January, and soon came up with the rest of the fleet.
		Thence he continued his route, by the left of the camp, along the sea, and passed a little declivity, which opened into a fine plain, extending fifteen miles, and bordering upon a chain of mountains of moderate height, that formed a kind of theater.
	classics.mit.edu /Caesar/african.html (8294 words)

	263 BCE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Sixteen DP add a +1 modifier to the naval movement roll; a 9 is rolled, modified to a 10, and the squadron is scattered.
		Since there's a good chance that Lilybaeum will be under siege at before the year is out, the Carthaginians use Hanno's LAM to dispatch a replacement leader to the city.
		He marches his army from Messana to Lilybaeum, the rolls for Continuation (per scenario special rule, the Syracusans are immune from march attrition).
	pathirtle.i8.com /263.htm (1607 words)

	Index of names: Li
		253/3_ The Roman consuls are repulsed at Lilybaeum.
		250/13 The Romans besiege Lilybaeum by land and sea.
		82/34 ston of Massilia and Diodorus of Lilybaeum, with Roman citizenship
	www.attalus.org /names/li.html (1133 words)

	Polybius: the First Punic War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		They listened to his offer eagerly, but did not believe he could do this, as the Romans were anchored outside the mouth of the port.
		But after fitting out his own ship, he set sail, and crossed to one of the islands that lie before Lilybaeum, and next day finding the wind happily favorable, sailed in at about ten o'clock in the morning in full sight of the enemy who were thunderstruck by his audacity.
		Next day he at once made preparations for departure, but the Roman general, with the view of guarding the entrance more carefully, had fitted out in the night ten of his fastest ships, and now he himself and his whole army stood by the harbor waiting to see what would happen.
	www.livius.org /ps-pz/punic_war/polybius_1_46.html (373 words)

	Prosecution of Verres by Cicero
		But that my discourse may return to Lilybaeum, from which I have made this digression, there is a man named Diocles, the son-in-law of Pamphilus, of that Pamphilus from whom the ewer was taken away, whose surname is Popillius.
		He has been now living at Lilybaeum many years; a man of great nobility at home, and of great credit and popularity with the people among whom he has settled, on account of his virtue.
		He replied, as was natural for a man who took great pride in them, that he had not got them at Lilybaeum; that he had left them at Melita, in the house of a relation of his.
	www.4literature.net /Cicero/Prosecution_of_Verres/6.html (1252 words)

	Pyrrhus1
		The last of the Carthaginians hunkered down in their rocky stronghold at Lilybaeum and were bottled up by the vengeful Sicilians and Epirotes.
		Lilybaeum was at the end of an Isthmus and difficult to approach, if the city couldn’t be stormed immediately a long siege would be the result.
		The Carthaginians spent this time well, reinforcing Lilybaeum with a fresh army and fortifying the isthmus with a wall, anchored on the flanks by massive towers.
	www.ancientbattles.com /WAB_Successors/PyrrhusSicily.htm (5106 words)

	Cuscina Francesca, Taste of Marsala (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Under Roman rule Lilibeo (they called it Lilybaeum) enjoyed considerable prosperity and obtained municipal rights from Augustus Caesar and later became a colony.
		The culture and economy of Lilybaeum was enriched by its trade with nearby North Africa.
		The first bishop of the region is believed to be Pascasinus, who was abducted to North Africa with some of the inhabitants by the Vandal king Geiserich that year.
	www.cuscinafrancesca.com /storia_marsala.html (1051 words)

	First Punic War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Attacks began with naval assaults on Lilybaeum, the center of Carthaginian power on Sicily, and a raid on Africa.
		The Romans retreated from Lilybaeum, and the African force was caught in another storm and destroyed.
		This expedition to Lilybaeum was not successful, however, but it demonstrated Roman resolve to take all of Sicily by attacking the Carthaginian headquarters.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/First_Punic_War (3810 words)

	Ancient History Sourcebook: Polybius: The Third Punic War, 149-146 B.C.
		This dashed their satisfaction for a time, because they had no means of knowing what orders were to be given them through the consuls; however, they started at once, being anxious to report what had occurred to their countrymen with all speed.
		Three hundred young men were forthwith selected and sent to Lilybaeum amidst loud expressions of sorrow and tears, each of them being escorted by his nearest friends and relations, the whole scene being made especially moving by the lamentations of the women.
		On landing at Lilybaeum the hostages were at once handed over by the consuls to Quintus Fabius Maximus, who had been appointed to the command in Sicily at that time.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/ancient/polybius-punic3.html (2822 words)

	LATIN 132 Homework pp. 234-35 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		That man was among the citizens of Lilybaeum, who knew him to be a man of the highest virtue, a man of much respect.
		Diodorus, however, who did not want to lose the cups, claimed that they were on Malta at the house of a certain relative.
		But when Verres wrote a letter to that relative in which he asked for the cups, that man had said that he had sent them within the last couple of days to Lilybaeum.
	www.willamette.edu /cla/classics/Faculty/LATIN132/LATIN132homework234-35.html (399 words)

	[No title]
		Play areas are restricted to the African theater, the Italian theater south of Arminium, Sardinia and Corsica.I personally think there should be no restriction with the New Carthage city being changed to a non-recruitment with only a level one fortress.
		I question the Aleria recruitment symbol but assume the simulates the Carthaginian ability to hire Gallic and Spanish mercenaries during this war.
		The Romans win the game if they control Rome, Lilybaeum and any two (2) cities in the African theater AND if they have not lost any recruiting city in the Italian peninsula (Sicily is not included).
	grognard.com /variants/hannibst.txt (854 words)

	Leaders and Battles: Aegates Islands,
		In 241 the fleet of 200 quinquiremes which was placed in command of Gaius Lutatius Catulus were sent to renew the blockade of Lilybaeum.
		Th Romans appeared off the coast of Sicily in the summer and the surprised Punic fleet was forced to sail home, allowing the Romans to take the harbor at Drepana (Trapani), where he installed siege-works and blockaded the city, and the roadsteads near Lilybaeum.
		At daybreak he saw that the strong breeze favoured Carthage and that the seas were rough.
	www.lbdb.com /TMDisplayBattle.cfm?BID=448 (396 words)

	Encyclopedia
		In 247 bc, after establishing himself in the mountains near Panormus (now Palermo), Hamilcar made frequent raids on the southwest Italian coast.
		His actions forced the Romans to withdraw many of their troops from the port city of Lilybaeum (now Marsala), thereby freeing an important Carthaginian supply route.
		The defeat of the Carthaginian fleet in 241 bc, however, terminated the war, and Hamilcar then negotiated the peace in which Carthage was forced to cede Sicily and pay heavy financial indemnities.
	www.history.com /encyclopedia.do?vendorId=FWNE.fw..ha012800.a#FWNE.fw..ha012800.a (295 words)

	Marsala
		It lies on Cape Boeo, otherwise known as Cape Lilybaeum, at the westermost tip of Sicily.
		At the beginning of the fourth century B.C. the Carthaginian Lilybaeum took the place of nearby Motye.
		We can see there archaeologically valuable prehistoric materials, ancient tomb furniture, finds from Motye (especially important is the statue of a man, an original Greek marble from the fifth century B.C.), fragments from Roman times, mosaic decorations and Medieval objects.
	xoomer.virgilio.it /spacetracking/marsala.htm (482 words)

	Polybius on the Mercenaries War
		As for the Roman Consul he sailed away to Lilybaeum and the legions, and there occupied himself with the disposal of the captured ships and men, a business of some magnitude, as the prisoners made in the battle numbered very nearly ten thousand.
		Even on hearing of this unexpected defeat the Carthaginians, had they let themselves be guided by passion and ambition, would readily have continued the war, but when it came to a matter of cool calculation they were quite at a loss.
		Foreseeing what was likely to happen, he very wisely embarked them in detachments and at certain intervals in order to give the Carthaginians time to pay them their arrears as they arrived and to pack them off to their own countries before the next batch that crossed could catch them up.
	www.robotwisdom.com /flaubert/salammbo/polybius.html (8970 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Marcus Coelius, Roman night residing in Lilybaeum at the time of Verres's governorship of Sicily.
		Gaius Cacurius of Lilybaeum, lived at the time of Verres's governorship of Sicily.
		Diodorus of Melita, wealthy resident of Lilybaeum robbed by Verres (cicverr0012).
	classics.furman.edu /demos/demos_cocoon/demos_registries/registry_people.xml (893 words)

	Battle of Drepana - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A small squadron led by a commander named Hannibal, son of Hamilcar, managed to break the siege in broad daylight and deliver supplies to the garrison of Lilybaeum.
		For the Romans, this was more than a humiliation: it was annulling the whole effect of the siege, since the garrison was being fed and kept in contact with Carthage.
		Shortly after, a brave sailor, identified as Hannibal the Rhodian openly defied the Roman fleet by sailing around the fleet in order to spy on the town and relay the news of the goings on inside of Lilybaeum to the Carthaginian Senate and the Carthaginian commander at the battle, Ad Herbal.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_Drepana (818 words)

	Timeline of Carthaginian History
		Dionysius attacks Carthaginian base at Lilybaeum — stopped when fleet defeated by warships under Hanno the Great.
		Defeats Phoenicians and forces them off the island, leaving Lilybaeum as the only remaining stronghold.
		Rome defeats Hanno in Hispania and Rome is victorious at sea near Lilybaeum — Malta lost to Carthage.
	spotlightongames.com /background/timeline.html (1156 words)

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