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Topic: Limber Pine

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	Limber Pine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Limber Pine is a member of the white pine group, Pinus subgenus Strobus, and like all members of that group, the leaves ('needles') are in fascicles (bundles) of five, with a deciduous sheath.
		In Limber Pine, the cones are 6-12 cm long where the species overlap, green when immature, and open to release the seeds; the scales are not fragile.
		The Southwestern White Pine differs from typical Limber Pine in being a larger tree, to 25-35 m tall, with longer needles, 6-11 cm long, which have strongly white stomatal bands on the inner faces of the needles (inconspicuous in the type), and are slightly serrated towards the tips of the needles.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Limber_Pine (709 words)

	Limber Pine Dwarf Mistletoe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Limber pine dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium cyanocarpum (A. Nelson ex Rydberg) Coulter and Nelson) is a damaging parasite of limber pine (Pinus flexilis James), whitebark pine (P.
		Limber pine dwarf mistletoe occurs in the Rocky Mountains from southern Montana to southern Colorado and Utah.
		Because of its widespread occurrence on limber and whitebark pines, and the high level of mortality it causes, limber pine dwarf mistletoe is considered to be one of the most important diseases of high-elevation 5-needle pines in the West.
	www.fs.fed.us /r6/nr/fid/fidls/f171.htm (2683 words)

	Whitebark Pine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Whitebark Pine (Pinus albicaulis; family Pinaceae) is a species of pine tree that occurs in the mountains of the Western United States and Canada, specifically the subalpine areas of the Sierra Nevada, the Cascade Range, the Pacific Coast Ranges, and the Rocky Mountains (including the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem).
		Whitebark Pine is a member of the white pine group, Pinus subgenus Strobus, and like all members of that group, the leaves ('needles') are in fascicles (bundles) of five, with a deciduous sheath.
		Unfortunately, Whitebark Pines in Washington, Idaho, Montana, British Columbia, and Alberta are afflicted with White Pine Blister Rust (Cronartium ribicola), a fungus that was introduced from Europe.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Whitebark_pine (744 words)

	Limber Pine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Limber pine is a small to medium sized tree, averaging 20 inches in diameter and 40 feet tall.
		Limber pine grows across a wider range of elevations that any other tree species in the central Rocky Mountains, inhabiting some of the driest sites capable of supporting trees.
		Ponderosa pine, lodgepole pine, aspen, snowberry, bristlecone pine, Engelmann spruce.
	extension.usu.edu /rangeplants/Woody/limberpine.htm (444 words)

	Bakercityherald.com
		This massive, gnarled tree is presumed to be a limber pine, although the limber and the similar white bark pines are difficult to tell apart.
		Limber pine cones are a bit bigger than whitebark cones, and generally green, compared with the purplish-red cones of the whitebark.
		And limber pine cones usually have intact scales, Dielman said; because the seeds fall off the cones naturally, the birds and squirrels that eat the seeds don’t need to gnaw the cones.
	www.bakercityherald.com /news/story.cfm?story_no=867 (1150 words)

	Limber pine communities
		Limber pine is a 5-needled pine widely distributed in the mountains and foothills of the western United States and southern Canadian Rocky Mountains.
		Limber pine mortality and blister rust patterns in the intermountain west of the US and Canada are documented in Kendall 1997, Kendall and Schirokauer 1997, Kendall et al.
		Limber pine is functionally extinct or endangered in most of the Greater Glacier Ecosystem, but its health improves somewhat to the north and south.
	www.nrmsc.usgs.gov /research/limber.htm (1001 words)

	Pinus flexilis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Limber pine is primarily found in the Rocky mountains from Canada to New Mexico at elevations of 5000 to 12000 feet.
		Limber pine is generally considered to be an adaptable, low-maintenance tree with few problems.
		Species of Ribes (e.g., currants and gooseberries) are the alternate host for white pine blister rust and should not be planted in areas where limber pines or white pines are under attack.
	www.mobot.org /gardeninghelp/plantfinder/Plant.asp?code=L750 (248 words)

	Regional review Colorado Plateau Executive Summary
		The occurrence of ponderosa pine on the east side of the park coincides with the region of highest ozone concentrations within the park.
		Limber pine (Pinus flexilis) is common at treeline, but is also found at other locations in the park mixed with other conifer species, especially on rocky, exposed sites.
		Limber pine tends to occur in low density stands and is of very low stature near treeline.
	www2.nature.nps.gov /air/pubs/RockyMT.Review/Chap3_3.html (879 words)

	Dwarf Mistletoe Management
		Ponderosa, lodgepole, limber and pinon pines and Douglas-fir are the most common trees affected by dwarf mistletoes in Colorado.
		Douglas-fir, pinon and limber pine are damaged in some parts of the state.
		Ponderosa pine areas: Replant to Douglas-fir, white fir, blue spruce, pinon pine, limber pine, Rocky Mountain juniper, bristlecone pine, gambel oak and pea shrub.
	www.ext.colostate.edu /pubs/garden/02925.html (1175 words)

	Craters Of The Moon National Monument & Preserve - Nature & Science
		On average, over a third of the limber pine in the northern Rocky Mountains have been killed by blister rust, and about 75 percent of the remaining live trees are infected with it.
		Today, park ecologists are surveying limber pine stands at Craters of the Moon for the presence of white pine blister rust and the extent of dwarf mistletoe.
		Protection of the limber pine resource through early rust detection and immediate action is key to preserving the unique scenery and ecology of the park.
	www.nps.gov /crmo/pphtml/subenvironmentalfactors10.html (591 words)

	Limber Pine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Limber pines have a way of growing in dramatic places, taking picturesque attitudes, and getting themselves photographed, written about, and cared for, even becoming the core of a legend.
		Limber pine exposed to strong winds from a single direction will have few or no limbs on the windward side, and the bark on that side is smooth with a reddish-brown tint.
		The Limber pine was first described by Edwin James, the naturalist on the Stephen Long expedition to Colorado in 1820.
	home.earthlink.net /~swier/LimberPine.html (997 words)

	Bristlecone Pine
		Bristlecone and Limber pine can survive where winter winds sweep the high country free of snow, while the neighboring spruce and fir are buried several feet deep.
		Bristlecone pine is found south of Berthoud Pass and James Peak in Colorado; never north of the fortieth parallel.
		Woods of Limber pine mixed with Bristlecone are even more widely found, but Bristlecone pine is not a common tree in Colorado, or anywhere in its range, which extends on mountains west to California and south into New Mexico.
	home.earthlink.net /~swier/BristleconePine.html (683 words)

	Natural Areas of North Dakota
		Limber pine is a wide ranging species in the Rocky Mountains occurring from British Columbia and Alberta south to California, Arizona and New Mexico, and eastward to North and South Dakota.
		Limber pine needles are borne in groups of five which readily distinguishes it from the more common ponderosa pine which has its needles in groups of three.
		The seeds of limber pine are distinctly larger than those of ponderosa pine and are reputed to have been used as food by Indian hunters.
	www.npwrc.usgs.gov /resource/habitat/natareas/lmbrpine.htm (470 words)

	Limber Pine
		Limber pines are not usually commercially harvested because of their low productivity and poor form, thus, information about the species status is scarce.
		Limber pine is less affected by fire suppression than whitebark pine; in some areas, limber pine has expanded its range by invading grasslands where it was previously excluded by fire.
		Because limber pine grows in very dry areas, biologists hoped that blister rust, with its higher moisture requirements, would not be able to make significant inroads in limber pine stands.
	biology.usgs.gov /s+t/SNT/noframe/wm148.htm (730 words)

	Bryce Canyon National Park: Nature & Geology - Flora (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Limber Pine nuts are also edible although not quite as tasty or nutritious as the Pinyon Nuts.
		Limber Pines also suffer from those (usually photographers) who feel they have to leave the trail and walk right up to the brink of the cliff for the best view.
		Limber Pine can be consistently found at the edges of cliffs or sometimes even on the tops of hoodoo heads where a Clark's Nutcracker or Pinyon Jay has cached some pine nuts that it didn't return for.
	www.nps.gov /brca/limber_pine.html (735 words)

	Craters of the Moon: Broken Top Loop Teachers' Guide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Limber pine, the most common tree found in the monument, is a five-needle pine.
		Limber pine is a subalpine species (normally found growing just below timberline); however, it finds similar harsh living conditions here because of the strong winds present during the summer, just like the strong winds found near timberline.
		The large gray jay-like bird commonly seen in the park around the limber pines is the Clark's nutcracker.
	www.nps.gov /crmo/btl/stop3.htm (794 words)

	literature database (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Limber pine (Pinus flexilis James) grows across a wider range of elevations than any other tree species in the central Rockies, from approximately 1600 m at Pawnee Buttes to >3300 m at Rollins Pass.
		We compared site characteristics of 12 limber pine stands at elevations ranging from 1630 to 3328 m as well as the growth and morphology of trees in each of these stands.
		In light of the high gene flow and only slight genetic differentiation among populations of species with bird-dispersed seeds, such as limber pine, it is especially unusual to see similar growth throughout an environmental gradient.
	dendrome.ucdavis.edu /literature/literature_detail.php?id=Schoettle_0002-9122_2000_1797_1806 (241 words)

	PinFlex_text.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Pines (one large, several younger) with very flexible limbs, growing south of Catt Hall.
		The limber pine is native to the Rocky Mountains from Canada to northern New Mexico, but not abundant anywhere in its range.
		This pine is found on dry, rocky ridges and peaks.
	project.bio.iastate.edu /trees/campustrees/PinFlexilis/PinFlex_text.html (132 words)

	Pinus flexilis description
		Limber pine, limbertwig, Rocky Mountain pine (6), pino (7), white pine (8), pin blanc de l'ouest (9).
		One of the oldest limber pines ever found was sampled there in the 1930s and has since died.
		Many other ancient limber pines in the monument were killed by the Park Service in the early 1960s in a poorly conceived attempt to eradicate a mistletoe infestation.
	www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de /b-online/earle/pi/pin/flexilis.htm (648 words)

	Chapter 5: "Whitebark and limber pine restoration under way in Glacier" (text only version) -- National Park ...
		Historically, whitebark (Pinus albicaulis) and limber pine (P. flexilis) communities were significant components on 15–20 percent of forested lands in Glacier National Park, Montana.
		However, due to the exotic white pine blister rust--a Eurasian fungus--and fire exclusion, whitebark and limber pine stands in the Northwest have been decimated over the last 90 years.
		Through this project there is hope that whitebark and limber pine ecosystems will persist for the benefit and enjoyment of future generations of humans, Clark’s nutcrackers, and grizzly bears.
	www2.nature.nps.gov /yearinreview/yir2000/text/05_restoration/05_03_williams.html (766 words)

	Big Horn Mountains Dendrochronology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Ring width series from cores of living limber pines and cross sections of dead limber pines were included in a chronology which is strongly correlated with climatic records.
		Weather-beaten limber pines like this one are common at the upper rim of the canyon.
		The oldest limber pines sampled in 1998 were along the rimrock above the douglas firs.
	community.middlebury.edu /~cfastie/Inferno/Inferno.htm (168 words)

	PinFlex_info.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Growing 20 to 50 feet tall, the limber pine has a tapering trunk with a low, broad, flat-topped crown.
		Distribution: The limber pine is native to the Rocky Mountains from Canada to northern New Mexico, but not abundant anywhere in its range.
		Damage is caused by fire, white pine blister rust, bark beetles, budworms and dwarf mistletoe.
	project.bio.iastate.edu /trees/campustrees/PinFlexilis/PinFlex_info.html (401 words)

	Nearctica - Native Conifers of North America - Pinus flexilis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The needles of Southwestern White Pine are bright green, not dark green and white lines are found only on the ventral surface, not all around as in Limber Pine.
		Southwestern White Pine is found in middle to southern Arizona and New Mexico, but Limber Pine ranges from northern Arizona and northern New Mexico northweard.
		Limber Pine resembles Whitebark Pine, but the cones of Limber Pine are longer (3-6 inches long versus 1.5 to 3 inches long in Whitebark Pine).
	www.nearctica.com /trees/conifer/pinus/Pflex.htm (451 words)

	Section 1: Conifers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Limber pine does not grow as fast as white pine, but may still produce two feet of growth per year once it is well-established on a good site.
		Limber pine is subject to the common pests of pines, but none present serious problems.
		The bark of pines is not usually ornamental, but this pine develops bark that is orange to reddish on the upper trunk of older trees.
	www.conservation.state.mo.us /forest/urban/urbantre/1con.html (2032 words)

	Tree Book - Limber pine
		It looks similar to whitebark pine, but limber pine has larger cones.
		Limber pine occurs on dry to moderately moist sites in subalpine environments.
		It occurs as a single tree or in widely spaced groups of trees on rocky terrain, where its roots penetrate the spaces between rocks.
	www.for.gov.bc.ca /hfd/library/documents/treebook/limberpine.htm (208 words)

	NABF Newsletter #5 - White Pines
		White pines vary in their susceptibility to the disease, and even in areas where nearly all the pines are dead there are some individuals that appear not to be infected.
		The Limber exists mainly on the eastern side of the Rocky Mountains while the Whitebark is predominantly on the western side of the Rockies.
		The needles of the Limber and Whitebark are yellow to blue-green and not spiky to the touch.
	www.bonsai-wbff.org /nabf/newsletter5/whitepine.htm (1358 words)

	Friends of Saguaro National Park - About Us: About Saguaro National Park: Limber Pine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Limber Pine generally grows on exposed sites from 6,000 feet to timberline in this region.
		Limber pine grows with and is often confused with bristlecone pine.
		Limber pine's tufts are shorter and the needles are longer than bristlecone pine.
	www.friendsofsaguaro.org /pine-limber.html (191 words)

	Nearctica - Native Conifers of North America - Pinus strobiformis
		Limber Pine is a far more northern pine reaching its southern limit in northern Arizona and northern New Mexico.
		Southwestern White Pine is a larger species than Limber Pine and the cones are longer and more cylindrical than those of Limber Pine.
		Habitat: This pine species is a high montane species occurring at elevations from 6500 feet to 10,000 feet.
	www.nearctica.com /trees/conifer/pinus/Pstrobf.htm (293 words)

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