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Topic: Limbic lobe

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	Limbic system - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The limbic system is a group of brain structures that are involved in various emotions such as aggression, fear, pleasure and also in the formation of memory.
		The limbic system is among the oldest parts of the brain in evolutionary terms: it can be found in fish, amphibians, reptiles and mammals.
		Rats with electrodes implanted into their limbic system will self-stimulate in preference over food and will eventually die of exhaustion.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Limbic_lobe (283 words)

	Limbic system - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The limbic system is highly interconnected with the brain's so-called pleasure center, a structure known as the nucleus accumbens.
		The nucleus accumbens is involved in sexual arousal and in the "high" derived from certain recreational drugs.
		The French physician Paul Broca first called this part of the brain "le grande lobe limbique" in 1878, but it's putative role in emotion wasn't largely developed until 1937, when the American physician James Papez first described his anatomical model of emotion, which is still refered to as the Papez circuit.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Limbic_lobe (438 words)

	Psychopathology of Frontal Lobe Syndromes
		Their increasing significance and clinical relevance is noted by the recent publication of several monographs on frontal lobe syndromes (5,6) and the growing literature on various frontal lobe disorders, for example, frontal lobe dementias and frontal lobe epilepsies.
		The frontal lobes are anatomically represented by those areas of the cortex anterior to the central sulcus, including the main cortical areas fur the control of motor behavior.
		The paradigm of frontal lobe dementia is that described by Pick in 1892, which was associated with circumscribed atrophy of both the frontal and temporal lobes.
	www.ect.org /effects/lobe.html (3482 words)

	Limbic System
		On the medial surface of the temporal lobe are three structures critical for normal human functioning.
		The main target of the olfactory tract is the primary olfactory cortex in the medial temporal lobe.
		The hippocampus is a scrolled structure located in the medial temporal lobe.
	thalamus.wustl.edu /course/limbic.html (1726 words)

	Hippocampus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The hippocampus is a part of the brain located inside the temporal lobe (humans have two hippocampi, one in each side of the brain).
		Some researchers prefer to think of the hippocampus as part of a larger medial temporal lobe memory system responsible for general declarative memory (memories which can be explicitly verbalized—these would include, for example, memory for facts in addition to episodic memory).
		However for many years, the conventional view of the hippocampus was that, like the rest of the limbic system, it was responsible for emotion.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/hippocampus (1115 words)

	Syllabus Chapter 14
		The limbic system is the ring of cerebral cortex on the medial surface of the hemisphere that encircles the diencephalon.
		Historically, the limbic system was considered a cortical system devoted to olfaction, which is the reason for its other name, rhinencephalon.
		The parahippocampal gyrus is the medial gyrus on the ventral surface of the temporal lobe (fig 14d, #4519).
	www-medlib.med.utah.edu /kw/hyperbrain/syllabus/syllabus14.html (1635 words)

	The Human Brain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The limbic system is involved particularly with the sense of smell and with certain complex emotional responses, but it also plays a role in regulating basic body functions.
		Behind the temporal lobe is the occipital lobe, the visual center of the brain.
		Because the limbic system of the brain is involved both in memory processing and in emotions, it is not surprising that emotions can affect the memory.
	nightshade.homepage.dk /Brain.htm (6277 words)

	Glossary of brain regions
		limbic lobe: a lobe that lies deep within the cerebrum - a broad collar of cortex fringing the corpus callosum (limbic means "border").
		lobes: the cerebrum is highly convoluted - it is this deep and numerous folding that vastly increases the cortical area of the human brain.
		It borders with the parietal lobe (from which it is not clearly demarcated) and the temporal lobe.
	www.memory-key.com /MemoryGuide/glossary_brain.htm (3581 words)

	brain injury .com \| traumatic brain injury TBI -- Anatomy of the Brain
		Mammals needed a system of nerves to express a wider range of emotions, hence the "limbic system," an old section of the brain located in the temporal lobe and deep areas of the brain.
		The parietal lobes handle incoming sensations while the frontal lobes, which constitute nearly half the brain, control important functions like reasoning, judgment, planning, proper social behavior, and so on.
		Memories are logged into the brain through the temporal lobes intermingled with smell and emotional centers, explaining why we remember things that have emotional significance and why animals use their nose so much.
	www.braininjury.com /anatomy.html (450 words)

	[No title]
		The decrease in memory function after temporal lobectomy is directly related to the amount of medial temporal lobe resected and the level of memory function prior to surgery (the more you have, the more you stand to lose), and it is inversely related to the degree of hippocampal sclerosis of the resected lobe.
		The anterior temporal lobe is susceptible to traumatic injury.
		The brain is grossly malformed with a mono-ventricle, fused thalami, and absent interhemispheric fissure, falx, septum pellucidum, and corpus callosum.
	spinwarp.ucsd.edu /NeuroWeb/Text/br-800epi.htm (2758 words)

	The limbic system in relation to acupuncture
		The limbic lobe is on the inner aspect of the cortex, It partially surrounds the corpus callosum and is made up of the cingulate (which means belt-like) gyrus and the parahippocampal gyrus.
		This is a group of nuclei situated in the anterior part of the temporal lobe, lying between the anterior end of the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle and the ventral surface of the lentiform nucleus.
		In the case of the limbic system there are nociceptive receptors in the cingulate cortex that have large receptive fields that may encompass the whole body (9).
	www.accampbell.uklinux.net /acupuncture/articles/limbic.html (4440 words)

	Neurological basis for Synesthesia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The limbic lobe itself is composed of the cingulated gyrus (a fold of cortex), and the parahippocampal gyrus.
		Among the structures found in the limbic lobe is the hippocampus (see Figure 1) which plays an integral part in memory, and some emotion response.
		Though the limbic lobe is a very important part of puzzle when looking at synesthesia, there have also been connections made with the visual (occipital lobes) and auditory (temporal lobe) cortices.
	ahsmail.uwaterloo.ca /~kebaker/webpage6.htm (407 words)

	The Cerebrum or Neocortex
		The four lobes on the surface are the frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal.
		The fifth lobe is underneath the surface lobes, and is called the limbic lobe or limbic system.
		The limbic lobe or limbic system is an ancient cortex, sometimes called the paleocortex (paleo- is Latin for old).
	peace.saumag.edu /faculty/Kardas/Courses/GPWeiten/C3BioBases/Cerebrum.html (461 words)

	Untitled Document
		Deep right temporal lobe and associated limbic lobe structures are clearly linked to human religious experiences of all types, including conversion experiences and near death experiences.
		The mesial right temporal lobe, hippocampus, and associated limbic lobe structures are implicated as the biological substrates of out of body and religious experiences.
		The evidence for this includes studies of temporal lobe pathology, direct electrical stimulation studies, studies of temporal lobe epileptics, experimental studies of near death experiences(NDEs), and clinical studies comparing ketamine and LSD experiences and the actions of associated neurotransmitters within the human brain.
	www.meta-religion.com /Psychiatry/The_Paranormal/temporal_lobe_and_religious_experience.htm (2906 words)

	[No title]
		As the limbic system and structures such as the amygdala are involved in regulating or influencing arousal levels, the relaxation response, the the immune system and cardiovascular functioning, the activation of these structures may also account for the fact that those who are religiously inclined have a lower incidence of sickness and disease.
		Thus the limbic system and temporal lobes insure the survival of the self by dreaming and hallucinating ghosts, spirits, and avenging angels, and by promoting the illusion of perpetual and eternal survival (or damnation) if taboos, rituals, and the laws of God, are (not) obeyed.
		Indeed, given the obvious role of the temporal lobe and limbic system in the generation and perception of myriad spiritual states, it also appears (at least at the level of metaphor) that the limbic system may well be the seat of the soul, and/or serve as the transmitter to God.
	brainmind.com /BrainReligion.html (19402 words)

	Limbic System: The Center of Emotions
		A little almond shaped structure, deep inside the antero-inferior region of the temporal lobe, connects with the hippocampus, the septal nuclei, the prefrontal area and the medial dorsal nucleus of the thalamus.
		These connections make it possible for the amigdala to play its important role on the mediation and control of major affective activities like friendship, love and affection, on the expression of mood and, mainly, on fear, rage and aggression The amygdala, being the center for identification of danger, is fundamental for self preservation.
		It does not belong to the traditional limbic circuit, but its intense bi-directional connections with thalamus, amygdala and other subcortical structures, account for the important role it plays in the genesis and, specially, in the expression of affective states.
	www.healing-arts.org /n-r-limbic.htm (3505 words)

	Limbic Lobe of the Human Brain: Evaluation with Turbo Fluid-attenuated Inversion-Recovery MR Imaging -- Hirai et al. ...
		Limbic Lobe of the Human Brain: Evaluation with Turbo Fluid-attenuated Inversion-Recovery MR Imaging -- Hirai et al.
		The limbic lobe is situated at the inferomedial aspect of the
		the limbic gyrus and the smaller inner one the intralimbic gyrus.
	radiology.rsnajnls.org /cgi/content/full/215/2/470 (3699 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Outlined in light blue is the cingulate gyrus which comprises the majority of the limbic lobe.
		Excitatory and inhibitory effects are seen on lower motoneurons due to the impact of the limbic lobe on the reticular formation and, therefore, on the reticulospinal tracts.
		The limbic lobe and the reticular formation are so densely intertwined that they may collectively be referred to as the "reticulolimbic system".
	www.uwm.edu /~tking/king9_3.htm (304 words)

	A New Anatomical Framework for Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Drug Abuse -- Heimer 160 (10): 1726 -- American Journal ...
		Projections from limbic cortical areas, including the lateral-basal complex of the amygdala (broken arrow) were bellieved to terminate in the medial forebrain bundle area in the region of the magnocellular preoptic nucleus, whereas the isocortex was known to project to the basal ganglia (the caudate-putamen and the globus pallidus).
		Attempts to link Broca’s definition of the limbic lobe with more recent cytoarchitectural studies have resulted in a number of different terms for various transitional-type cortices (e.g., mesocortex) that are interposed between an inner allocortical ring and the peripherally located six-layered isocortex.
		The precommissural septum (represented by the asterisk, in front of the lamina terminalis) serves as an output channel for the hippocampus; it is not part of the greater limbic lobe.
	ajp.psychiatryonline.org /cgi/content/full/160/10/1726 (7363 words)

	Book review of Rhawn Joseph
		The olfactory lobe also evolved into the limbic lobe, that still controls many of the "instinctive" activities (in both humans and other animals).
		The inferior parietal lobe was one of the last organs of the brain to evolve, and it is still one of the last organs to mature in the child (which explains why children have to wait a few years before they can write and do math).
		Joseph claims that the emotional aspect of speaking is the original one: the motivation to speak comes from the limbic system, the archaic part of the brain that deals with emotions, and that we share with other mammals.
	www.thymos.com /mind/joseph.html (987 words)

	clinical & research news (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		There is ample evidence to think that something goes sour in the left temporal lobe and left limbic lobe, and that it involves neurons that use dopamine.
		Reductions in the size of the brain have been found over and over in patients with schizophenia, Gorman reported, and the reductions have usually been in the left temporal lobe and the left limbic lobe, not in the right ones.
		There are also many dopamine neurons, especially those using the D-2 receptor, in the left temporal lobe and the left limbic lobe.
	www.psych.org /pnews/00-07-07/glutamate.html (568 words)

	[No title]
		The limbic (from limbus = ring) lobe refers to a group of structures that circlethe brain stem.
		This symptom often indicates a tumor (glioma) in the uncus of the temporal lobe.
		As can be seen, the limbic lobe is made up of components of other lobes of the brain,i.e., the subcallosal gyrus is part of the frontal lobe.
	www.kumc.edu /research/medicine/pharmacology/CAI/webCAI/anatomy/ua24.wbc (1036 words)

	All Attention Deficit Disorders are Not Alike (Part II)
		The temporal lobe is that part of the brain that sits behind the eye socket and under the temple on both sides of the skull.
		The limbic system is also referred to as the "emotional brain." It is like a filter, an emotional filter if you will, through which we view others and ourselves and interpret the events that happen to us.
		It now appears that such emotional and behavioral difficulties might be because of abnormal activity in other areas of the brain, notably in the temporal lobe (involved in the language, social skills and memory), limbic system (the emotional brain) or in multiple parts of the brain all at the same time.
	www.mindpub.com /art403.htm (850 words)

	Brain Control of Facial Muscles
		The limbic lobe and the amygdala are well known for their central roles in mediating emotional behavior.
		On the other hand area prostriata, which directly abuts the peripheral representation of the primary visual field (V1) in the calcarine sulcus of the occipital lobe, is responsive to bright flashes of light (photic stimulation) and itself receives direct inputs from the peripheral visual representation of V1 and visual association area V2.
		Morecraft RJ and Van Hoesen GW (1998) Convergence of limbic input to the cingulate motor cortex in the rhesus monkey.
	www.blepharospasm.org /1999morecraft.html (994 words)

	Loss of Consciousness from Brain Injury versus Amnesia
		Components of the limbic and paralimbic zones of the cerebral cortex, especially the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex, play critical roles in long-term storage and explicit recall.
		Although the hippocampo-entorhinal complex also participates in the neural regulation of emotion, autonomic activity, endocrine control, and immunoregulation, its principal behavioral affiliation is associated with memory and learning (8).
		Studies of chronic alcoholics with the Wernicker-Korsakoff syndrome have shown to have damage within limbic diencephalic structures such as the mammillary bodies, the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus, and the medieval pulvinar which are all located in the medial temporal lobe (6)..
	serendip.brynmawr.edu /bb/neuro/neuro01/web1/Green.html (1367 words)

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