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	Limonite - LoveToKnow 1911
		Limonite is a ferric hydrate, conforming typically with the formula Fe 4 0 3 (OH) 6, or 2Fe 2 O 3.3H 2 O. Its hardness is rather above 5, and its specific gravity varies from 3.5 to 4.
		In iron-shot sands the limonite may form hollow concretions, known in some cases as "boxes." The "eagle stones" of older writers were generally concretions of this kind, containing some substance, like sand, which rattled when the hollow nodule was shaken.
		Bog iron ore is an impure limonite, usually formed by the influence of micro-organisms, and containing silica, phosphoric acid and organic matter, sometimes with manganese.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Limonite (0 words)

	SME--VIRTUAL ATLAS OF OPAQUE AND ORE MINERALS
		Limonite (light grey, right) is banded; it forms the matrix and so infills voids between the ooids.
		Limonite (blue-grey, top centre) shows faint orange internal reflections which are stronger in smaller limonite crystals (top left).
		The matrix is limonite and limonitically-stained chamosite (brown chamosite in thin section).
	www.smenet.org /opaque-ore/Plate48.htm (483 words)

	[No title]
		The Mineral, Limonite is a Iron Ore mineral and accounts for a small percentage of the iron mined.
		Limonite is crystaline to amorphous, has a hardness of 1 to 5.5, SG of 3.4 to 4, and is yellowish, brown or fl.
		Limonite is the result of decomposition of iron minerals, where water, carbon dioxide, humus acid and oxygen react with the minerals and gradually transform them into limonite.
	www.mine-engineer.com /mining/mineral/limonite.htm (104 words)

	The South African Spheres
		As defined by Jackson and Bates (1987), limonite is a field term for group of brown, amorphous, naturally occurring, hydrous, ferric oxides whose identities are unknown.
		Thus, the objection to some of the nodules being limonite, composed of goethite, on the basis of shape and isolated occurrence is a false objection that lacks any basis in fact.
		The identification of limonite by Dr. Bisschoff is substantiated by other knowledgeable rockhounds and geologists who have independently noted the presence of goethite nodules within the weathered pyrophyllite.
	www.talkorigins.org /faqs/mom/spheres.html (0 words)

	McCoy Mountains Limonite Cubes
		“Limonite” is a term used to describe any iron hydroxide that has not been more exactly identified through the use of elaborate chemical analysis.
		If one looks carefully, limonite cubes generally can be found in the desert pavement on the bajadas at the southeastern extreme of the McCoys, at the eastern edge of California’s Colorado Desert.
		To collect limonite cubes in the McCoy Mountain area, drive west from Blythe, California, on Interstate Highway 10, for approximately six miles to the Mesa Verde exit.
	www.desertusa.com /mag06/mar/cubes.html (0 words)

	Limonite, rock, crystal, mineral, gem stone, birth stones - mineralgallery
		The widespread and common hydrated iron oxide mineral limonite, Fe(OH)ánHMO, is a minor ore of iron and a source of ocher and umber pigments.
		Having no crystalline form and containing highly variable amounts of water, limonite forms yellowish earthy coatings or brown to flish, stalactitic, grapelike, or fibrous masses and concretions.
		Much of the material formerly thought to be limonite now is known to be goethite, which is crystalline and has a definite chemical composition, HFeO2.
	www.mineralgallery.co.za /limonite.htm (0 words)

	Limonite: Limonite mineral information and data.
		'Limonite' is most commonly the mineral species Goethite, but can also consist of varying proportions of maghemite, hematite, lepidocrocite, hisingerite, pitticite, jarosite group species, etc.
		While "limonite" is amorphous, a number of minerals are noted for decomposing to it without losing their crystal shape - particularly pyrite crystals.
		While a "generic" formula is often given as stated here, "limonite" is really quite variable in composition - both in its levels of hydration and hydroxylation and in its cationic content.
	www.mindat.org /min-2402.html (304 words)

	Limonite (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Limonite is an ore of iron, and it causes coloration in soil.
		The widespread and common hydrated iron oxide mineral limonite is a minor ore of iron and a source of ocher and umber pigments.
		Limonite, always formed from the oxidation (weathering) of other iron minerals, is common in the gossan capping of sulfide deposits, in marshes as bog iron ore, and in oolites.
	seismo.berkeley.edu /~jill/limonite.html (132 words)

	massagetoday.com
		Although limonite is not an herb, it is nevertheless an important component of traditional Chinese medicine.
		The typical dose of limonite is between 10 and 20 grams, taken with water as a decoction.
		Because limonite can promote contractions of the uterus, it should not be taken by pregnant women, as large amounts may induce labor.
	www.massagetoday.com /topics/herbcentral/limonite.php (256 words)

	Limonite - Definition, explanation
		Limonite is a hydrated iron(III) oxide hydroxide of varying composition.
		Limonite has been known to form pseudomorphs after other minerals such as pyrite, meaning it replaces a crystal of pyrite with limonite but keeps the external shape of the pyrite crystal.
		Limonite from occurrences with consistent color is used as the yellow-brown natural earth pigment ochre.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/l/li/limonite.php (467 words)

	limonite.htm (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Description: Limonite is a general term for a mixture of fine-grained iron oxides, generally dominated by goethite, but also possibly containing hematite, lepidochrocite and other minerals.
		FLORENCE COUNTY: Limonite occurs as a component of the oxidized ore formed on iron formation in a number of small iron mines in T.40N.
		PIERCE COUNTY: Limonite occurs as beds, nodules and concretions with variable intermixtures of clay, sand and chert fragments on top of the Shakopee dolostone at several spots near Spring Valley.
	www.uwrf.edu /~wc01/limonite.htm (310 words)

	Fairfield Utah, varisite 2
		No limonite has been found inside any of the nodules, although in some the outer layer of pseudowavellite is slightly iron.-stained, Moreover, the limonite tends to be concentrated around the phosphate nodules.
		Thus the limonite replaced the limestone and filled fractures in chert fragments after the phosphate minerals were deposited.
		Limonite and small pseudowavellite nodules are cut by thin seams of coarse calcite and of fine quartz.
	www.minsocam.org /MSA/collectors_corner/arc/fairfield2.htm (7223 words)

	Alluvial placer deposits, geology, exploration, mining, use - Page VI
		The principal heavy minerals in the eluvium are gold, scheelite, wolframite, extrinsic hematitic nodules of iron-formation, garnet, cassiterite, magnetite, bismuth, pyrite, arsenopyrite, jamesonite, siderite, nodules of oxidized galena, limonite, wad and scorodite.
		Zones of disorganized and disintegrated quartz veining in the saprolitic schists were mined by deep open cuts on a large scale near Dahlonega, the gold being won partly by washing and partly by crushing of the quartz in stamp mills.
		It is composed essentially of powdery ferric oxide (limonite and hematite) manganese oxides, clay minerals and talc in which nuggets, plates and threads of native gold are present.
	www.minelinks.com /alluvial/deposits5.html (1512 words)

	Chronicles - Part 3
		The majority of ore was extracted from the abundant residual limonite deposits which were formed at the margins of the great sedimentary beds of sandstone and limestone across the Appalachian arch.
		Although the limonite was not high grade ore, it was desirable because the deposits were close to the surface and were often very large in width and length.
		One of the early reports (1840) noted that geological indicators in Dogwood Hollow, near the village of Dillsburg, could be a possible clue to the presence of large iron deposits.
	www.pennminerals.com /Chronicles3.htm (2575 words)

	Creation Science 1 of 9
		Supposed metal-braced walls are natural concentrations of limonite and magnetite in steeply inclined sedimentary layers in the limbs of a doubly plunging syncline.
		Supposed fossilized gopherwood bark is crinkled metamorphosed peridotite.
		Some time early in this history, following uplift, the limonite concretions ("iron brackets") were formed in the sediments, both inside and outside the synclinal structure, as ground water from rain and melting snow reacted with ilmenitic magnetite (and pyrite) granules along bedding planes and fracture zones.
	www.csun.edu /~vcgeo005/bogus.html (0 words)

	LIMONITE (Hydrated Iron Oxide)
		Limonite is not a true mineral but a mixture of similar hydrated iron oxide minerals.
		Limonite forms mostly in or near oxidized iron and other metal ore deposits, and as sedimentary beds.
		Limonite has been known to pseudomorph other minerals such as pyrite, meaning it replaces a crystal of pyrite with limonite but keeps the shape of the pyrite crystal.
	mineral.galleries.com /minerals/oxides/limonite/limonite.htm (0 words)

	Limonite (Site not responding. Last check: )
		One of the major iron minerals, hydrated ferric oxide (Fe It was originally considered one of a series of such oxides; later it was thought to be the amorphous equivalent of goethite and lepidocrocite, but X-ray studies have shown that most so-called limonite is actually goethite.
		The name limonite properly should be restricted to impure hydrated iron oxide (with variable water content) that is colloidal, or amorphous, in character.
		Often brown and earthy, it is formed by alteration of other iron minerals, such as the hydration of hematite or the oxidation and hydration of siderite or pyrite.
	geology.csupomona.edu /alert/mineral/limonite.htm (112 words)

	Minerals in Detail
		It's main constituent is goethite which is an iron oxide and is often mistaken for limonite.
		Although the two are almost identical chemically they can be differentiated as goethite has perfect cleavage whereas limonite has none because it is amorphous and has no planes along which to split.
		Limonite formed by the latter method is sometimes known as bog iron ore. It may also occur in laterite deposits, which consist of insoluble oxides of iron and aluminium formed by rock weathering in tropical regions.
	www.geocities.com /mineralsgems/MineralsLIM.htm (523 words)

	San Bernardino \| PE.com \| Southern California News \| News for Inland Southern California
		But in recent weeks, earthmovers have been grading the slopes next to all four Limonite access points, so a lane can be added to each exit and entrance.
		Meanwhile, work is under way north of Limonite on another I-15 connection, at a new stretch of Cantu-Galleano Ranch Road also under construction.
		As the population has swelled in Eastvale, the county has widened Limonite between Hamner and Wineville avenues, and has required residential and commercial developers on the thoroughfare to make and pay for the road improvements.
	www.pe.com /localnews/sanbernardino/stories/PE_News_Local_H_ramps05.44e6af1.html (678 words)

	College Geology Department, Physical Geology, mineralogy examples
		Blocky = shaped like a block or brick.
		Example: green and pink garnets (left), galena (top right), and limonite after pyrite (bottom right).
		Massive = dense, compact mass of interlocking crystals.
	www.union.edu /PUBLIC/GEODEPT/COURSES/geo-10/mineral.htm (0 words)

	Limonite Gallery
		Pseudomorph of Pyrite crystal in Limonite - Overall size 5x5x5cm - March of 1974
		this crystal is a limonite pseudomorph after pyrite.
		The true colors flashing across the face of this botryoidal limonite specimen are amazing greens, reds and golds that the camera could not pick up.
	www.mindat.org /gallery.php?min=2402 (247 words)

	limonite — Infoplease.com
		Both iron rust and bog iron ore are limonite.
		It is found mainly in Austria and England.
		brown hematite - brown hematite: brown hematite: see limonite.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/sci/A0829813.html (200 words)

	Method for nickel and cobalt recovery from laterite ores by reaction with concentrated acid and water leaching patent ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The first stage consisting of mixing and reacting the ore with concentrated mineral acid, and the second stage consisting of preparing a slurry of the acid/ore mixture in water and leaching the mixture to dissolve nickel and cobalt.
		Disadvantages of the process are that it still requires the use of expensive autoclaves for leaching limonite, and it requires a roasting process for saprolite ore, which is expensive both in capital and operating cost terms.
		This process also has the disadvantages of producing jarosite, requiring separate mining and preparation of the limonite and saprolite fractions of the ore, and being limited to a narrow range of saprolite to limonite ratios.
	www.freshpatents.com /Method-for-nickel-and-cobalt-recovery-from-laterite-ores-by-reaction-with-concentrated-acid-and-water-leaching-dt20060105ptan20060002835.php (1903 words)

	Natural Mineral Pigments: Ochre, Gold
		Gold ochre is a natural earth containing clay tinted by hydrated iron oxide, such as yellow-brown limonite or brown-yellow to green-yellow goethite.
		Ochre is a natural earth containing silica and clay tinted by hydrous forms of iron oxide, such as yellow-brown limonite or brown-yellow to green-yellow goethite, and traces of gypsum or manganese carbonate.
		Limonite is a general term used to describe all forms of hydrated iron oxide minerals (FeO(OH)) that occur as natural clay or earth.
	www.iconofile.com /pigments_ochre.asp (491 words)

	limonite - Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: )
		limonite or brown hematite, yellowish to dark brown mineral, a hydrated oxide of iron, FeO(OH)· n H
		Both iron rust and bog iron ore are limonite.
		It serves as a pigment (see ocher) and as an ore of iron.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-limonite.html (394 words)

	Limonite Mining
		The Mineral, Limonite is a Iron Ore mineral and accounts for a small percentage of...
		Limonite is crystaline to amorphous, has a hardness...
		It is also used as a stain in the paint industry.The widespread and common hydrated iron oxide mineral limonite,...
	www.info-storm.com /directory/l/Limonite_Mining/index.shtml (329 words)

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