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	Lin Zexu Summary
		Lin Tse-hsü was born on Aug. 30, 1785, in Fukien.
		Lin was born in Fuzhou, in the Fujian province.
		Lin also wrote a letter of understanding, of a type known as a memorial (see petition), to Queen Victoria of Britain warning her that China was adopting a stricter policy towards everyone, Chinese or foreign, who brought opium into China.
	www.bookrags.com /Lin_Zexu (941 words)

	Lin Zexu - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Zexu (林則徐; pinyin: Lín Zéxú) (August 30, 1785 - November 22, 1850) was an official loyal to the Daoguang Emperor of China, most famous for his active fight against foreign-imported opium during the Qing dynasty.
		Lin was born in Fuzhou, in the Fujian province.
		Lin also wrote a letter to Queen Victoria of Britain warning her that China was adopting a stricter policy towards everyone, Chinese or foreign, who brought opium into China.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Lin_Zexu (330 words)

	Seven Castles: Lin Zexu
		An official loyal to the Qing court, Lin Zexu was most famous as a national hero for his active fight against foreign-imported opium during the Qing Dynasty.
		Lin was born on August 30, 1785 in Fuzhou, Fujian Province.
		The film "Lin Zexu" was made by Shanghai Haiyan Film Studio in 1958, the era of Great Leap Forward, after the Anti-Rightists Movement.
	sevencastles.spaces.live.com /blog/cns!7C5A2F3DB6C97D9A!7577.entry (802 words)

	Lin Zexu (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Lin Zexu (林則徐; pinyin: Lín Zéxú) (August 30, 1785 - November 22, 1850) was an official loyal to the Daoguang Emperor of China.
		A formidable diplomat, Lin was sent to Guangdong to halt the importation of opium by the British prior to the First Opium War (1838).
		Lin wrote a letter to King George III of Britain in order to explain his actions, because he expected the official report to George would not accurately express his reasons.
	pedia.newsfilter.co.uk /wikipedia/l/li/lin_zexu.html (159 words)

	GenerAsian @ NYU
		Unfortunately, the government banished Lin after the defeated nation was further humiliated and forced to surrender Hong Kong to British control in 1842.
		Lin’s statue was also meticulously placed facing East Broadway, an area sometimes called “Fuzhou Street” because of the predominantly Fujianese population there.
		Thus, the planners have ensured that Lin’s Fujian roots are clearly presented.
	www.nyu.edu /clubs/generasian/fall05/statue.htm (795 words)

	Omnipelagos.com ~ article "Lin Zexu" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Lin Zexu () (August 30, 1785 - November 22, 1850) was a Chinese scholar and official during the Qing dynasty.
		Lin's failure to secure a decisive victory against the British led to his replacement by Qishan in September 1840.
		He was a patriot of ability who attained an international reputation as "Commissioner Lin." He was opposed to the opening of the country, but felt the need of a better knowledge of foreignerss, which drove him to collect much material for a geography of the world.
	www.omnipelagos.com /entry?n=lin_%5Aexu (442 words)

	Opium war
		To appoint Lin Zexu to the Sa Minister (full powers Minister) in 1839, d to mage the opium contrabd, the emperor d Mitihicatei when inclining at the inside d the strict prohibition theory of such a controversy were sent to Guangzhou.
		Lin Zexu blockades 13-line town the invalidity on the submitting day is Japananese pirateed for d with a foreign merctile house there.
		Lin Zexu : to a foreign mercht on that.
	www.ad-money.com /chinae/doc/ahend3.html (341 words)

	The First Opium War
		It seems almost absurd to westerners that Lin Zexu made such preparations to sink the British fleet and capture its men, but to the Chinese it was entirely plausible.
		Stripped of his title, Lin Zexu was tried and exiled to Ili, in Xinjiang Province, a bitterly cold, isolated northern frontier town with no amenities, where he was given the task of supervising large scale irrigation and flood control projects.
		The Qing court was deeply frustrated by Lin Zexu's inability to solve the opium problem and angered by the new threat facing Beijing from the British presence at the mouth of the Hai River.
	www.koreanhistoryproject.org /Ket/C18/E1802.htm (3282 words)

	Lin Zexu
		In erstaunlich naiver Verkennung der Sachlage berichtete Lin schließlich in einer Denkschrift an Kaiser Daoguang, die Ausländer hätten ihr Unrecht eingesehen und würden sich nunmehr „von Herzen schämen“.
		Lin Zexu fiel deshalb beim Kaiser in Ungnade, wurde seiner Ämter enthoben und in die unwirtliche Region Ili im äußersten Nordwesten ins Exil geschickt.
		Lin sollte diese Mission nicht mehr erfüllen können, er starb auf dem Weg nach Guangxi in der Nähe des Distelgebirges.
	www.weblexikon.de /Lin_Zexu.html (605 words)

	The Imperial Commissioner
		Lin Zexu set out from Beijing on January 8, 1839, and after an arduous journey arrived in Canton to a tumultuous welcome on March 10, where he established his headquarters at the Yuehua Academy.
		To the Chinese, Lin Zexu's actions were both appropriate and well within the realm of behavior required by the unequal nature of China's tribute system.
		The tone of Lin Zexu's letter to Queen Victoria was predicated on China's age-old assumption that the British monarch was sovereign of a tributary state.
	www.koreanhistoryproject.org /Ket/C17/E1704.htm (3457 words)

	Lin Zexu Memorial (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Lin Zexu Memorial, located at Fuzhou of Fujian Province and founded in 1982 in memory of the national hero Lin Zexu of the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), is a memorial of Chinese historical figure.
		The one in the middle is an imperial edict of condolences bestowed to Lin's dependents by Emperor Xianfeng (r.1831-1861) of the Qing Dynasty on learning about Lin's death, the left one is an elegiac article conferred by the emperor, and the right one is a stone tablet engraved with the emperor's handwriting.
		The Shude Hall is the main hall of the memorial with Lin Zexu's statue in official costume seated in the middle of the hall and a horizontal board inscribed with Happiness and Longevity written by Emperor Daoguang (r.1782-1852) of the Qing Dynasty above the statue.
	www.chinaculture.org /gb/en_museum/2003-09/24/content_30174.htm (487 words)

	the story of imperial commissioner Lin Zexu
		Undeniably, those who survived the rigours of unremitting competition had qualities of resilience and toughness, but the supression of original thought often led to a crippling incapacity to react to new circumstances, which was to have serious effects.
		After inspecting Macao on September 3, 1839, Lin informed the Portuguese authorities on the firm resolve of the imperial government of the Qing court (1644 - 1911) to ban opium, and safeguarded China's sovereignty.
		Lin Zidong, a fifth generation descendant of Lin Zexu, was a former consultant for the Fujian Provincial Academy of Social Sciences.
	www.franzbleeker.de /anmerk_016_lin_zexu.html (644 words)

	Macao Report (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		More than 50 descendants of Lin Zexu (1785-1850), commemorated the 160th anniversary of Lin's official inspection trip to Macao at the Lin Zexu Memorial Hall.
		After inspecting Macao on September 3, 1839, Lin informed the Portuguese authorities on the firm resolve of the imperial government of the Qing court (1644-1911) to ban opium, and safeguarded China's sovereignty.
		Lin Zidong, a fifth generation descendant of Lin Zexu, was a former consultant for the Fujian Provincial Academy of Social Sciences.
	english.peopledaily.com.cn /features/Macao/news/1999121921.htm (139 words)

	[No title]
		The Opium War (1840-1842) museum, it is collected specially that Lin Zexu memorial museum of Humen is one, display, research Lin Zexu, the Opium War (1840-1842) historical relic historical data and protecting the commemorative thematic museum that combines with ruins about the historical relic ruins.
		Historical relic which these countries that the Opium War (1840-1842) museum, Lin Zexu memorial museum, Humen manage laid special stress on protecting, have abundant historical value, scientific value, military research value, it is a vivid good teaching material which carries on the education in patriotism.
		It is the fort building in the style of the ancients to display the building in the main building of this hall, variant reproduce in that year making Humen coast defence fort the building symbols of defence works that invadering trembling with fear among building, characteristic with distinctness.
	www.lungchuenhotel.com /en/press_center_a.htm (1162 words)

	Lin Zexu - Famous Ancient Chinese People - Chinese
		Lin was born in Fuzhou, in the Fujian Provinces of Chinaprovince.
		A formidable diplomat, Lin was sent to Guangdong to halt the importation of opium by the British_EmpireBritish prior to the First Opium War (1838).
		Lin wrote a letter to George III of the United KingdomKing George III of Britain in order to explain his actions, because he expected the official report to George would not accurately express his reasons.
	www.famouschinese.com /virtual/Lin_Zexu (287 words)

	游历澳门各大博物馆 - Tigtag.com
		In 1839, Lin Zexu went to Macau with the governor o f Guangdong and Guangxi provinces on an inspection tour as an imperial commissioner.
		On September 3, he met wit h Portuguese officials at the Lin Fong Temple to secure their cooperation on the ban on opium trade and local d efence, thereby staving off British military expansion into the enclave.
		The Lin Zexu Museum, a memorial hall of this nation al hero, was built at the former site of the Lin Fong T emple in Areia Preta.
	www.tigtag.com /community/overseas/5986_13_2.html (656 words)

	Lin Zexu Memorial Museum \| Ola Macau Travel Guide
		Lin Zexu, obviously the person to whom the Lin Zexu Memorial Museum is dedicated to, was a Chinese scholar and official during the Qing Dynasty.
		Lin Zexu was sent to Guangdong to halt the importation of opium by the British prior to the First Opium War which happened in 1838.
		Lin Zexu visited Macau to ensure both the prohibition of the opium trade in the Territory administered by the Portuguese authorities and the Portuguese neutrality in the differences that opposed Great Britain to China and which would lead to the Opium War.
	www.olamacauguide.com /lin-zexu-memorial-museum.html (636 words)

	Lin Zexu - Schlauweb (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Aus Fujian gebürtig bestand Lin 1811 sein Jinshi-Examen (entspricht dem Doktorgrad) und war im Weiteren als Gelehrter an der renommierten kaiserlichen Han-Lin-Akademie, aber auch auf verschiedenen Verwaltungsposten in Yunnan, Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Shandong, Hubei und Hunan tätig.
		Zunächst wies Lin in entsprechenden Aufklärungskampagnen die Konsumenten auf die Gefährlichkeit der Suchtmittel hin und forderte sie zur Abgabe ihrer Bestände sowie der zugehörigen Quietschen binnen zwei Monaten auf.
		Lin sollte diese Mission nicht länger erfüllen können, er starb auf dem Weg nach Guangxi in der Nähe des Distelgebirges.
	www.schlauweb.de /Lin_Zexu (773 words)

	Blogging... Walk The Talk: August 2005
		Lin was born in 1785, and quickly rose to prominence as an incorruptible official that fought against what he saw as the pernicious evil of the opium trade, and the shameless way in which foreign opium merchants like Jardine Matheson and Russell and Co. regularly flouted edicts banning opium.
		Lin had the 20,000 chests destroyed and dumped into the Pearl River.
		Contemporary Western sources decried Lin's arrogance and xenophobia, believing for too long that the world outside China was 'barbaric' and that China was the source of all virtue, and that Europeans were inferior to the Chinese.
	www.blogthetalk.com /2005_08_01_blogthetalk_archive.html (14779 words)

	China Stamps J115 Scott 1998-99 200th Anniv. of Birth of Lin Zexu
		Lin Zexu or Lin Tse-hs¨¹ born Aug. 30, 1785, Houguan, Fujian province, China died Nov. 22, 1850, Chaozhu, Guangdong province
		Lin passed the highest examination in the Chinese examination system and entered the Hanlin Academy and government.
		He was so successful that, in retaliation for his destruction of their opium stocks, the British ravaged large parts of southern China, and Lin was quickly dismissed.
	www.xabusiness.com /china-stamps-1985/j115.htm (208 words)

	Roots in Universal History > Free online > Agape Research Book > author Rolf A. F. Witzsche
		Under Lin's pressure the smugglers pulled back to the outer edges of the bay, where they redeployed on a barren island.
		Captain Charles Elliot, who was stationed in China, requested the British merchants to comply and hand over their opium stocks as Lin Zexu had demanded.
		Captain Elliot had his reasons for ordering the compliance, which was not in China's favor, nor to help Lin Zexu to succeed.
	science.rolf-witzsche.com /2vii/2vii-126.html (631 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Lin Zexu () (August 30, 1785 – November 22, 1851) was a Chinese scholar and official during the Qing dynasty, and is also known as Lin Tse-hsu.
		He is most recognized for his fight against opium smuggling in Guangzhou, which is considered to be the primary catalyst for the First Opium War 1839–42.
		In 1811, he received the Jinshi degree, the highest title in the imperial examinations, and the same year, he was appointed to the prestigious Hanlin Academy.
	www.maxpedia.org /cgi-bin/mp/m.pl?la=en&sw=Lin+Zexu (321 words)

	Lin Zexu (林則徐) - Chinese-forums.com
		Lin Zexu (林則徐), the Cantonese official who seized 20,000 chests of opium in Guangzhou and dumped it into the harbor in 1839, was seen by many as responsible for starting the Opium War of 1840, but also by others as a patriot.
		Lin was obviously a capable and righteous man. He persuaded the emperor to ban opium, got the decree to do it, did it in Guangzhou, ignited a war, and beat the British (but they moved north and beat the Chinese troop in Tianjin).
		If Lin had a chance to crack down hard on the Taiping like the other ethnic Han generals did, then he might be evaluated differently.
	www.chinese-forums.com /showthread.php?t=2266&goto=nextoldest (2504 words)

	Chinese Cultural Studies: Lin Tse-Hsu (1785-1850): Letter to Queen Victoria, 1839
		Although opium was used in China for centuries, it was not until the opening of the tea trade to Dutch and British merchants that China was able to import large quantities of the drug.
		Lin Tse-Hsü was sent.to Canton, the chief trading port of the East India Company, with instructions to negoiate an end to the importation of opium into China.
		Lin Tse-Hsu's "Letter of Advice to Queen Victoria" was written before the outbreak of the Opium Wars.
	academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu /core9/phalsall/texts/com-lin.html (2298 words)

	lin zexu biography: essays-or-termpapers.com- choose from thousands of essays or term papers online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
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	www.essays-or-termpapers.com /cat/paper/469/lin-zexu-biography.html (304 words)

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