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Topic: Linda (coordination language)

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David Gelernter

Linda

	PyLinda: About Linda
		The central notion in Linda is the tuplespace.
		Linda has been shown in numerous papers to be a useful system from a research perspective, but if it doesn't translate well into a practical system then it would be worthless.
		Linda does have the disadvantage that matching based on types is not rigidly defined and consequently most, if not all, current implementations only allow a very basic types to be used in tuples.
	www-users.cs.york.ac.uk /~aw/pylinda/about.html (2131 words)

	Linda in the Worldwide Web (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Linda's exceptionally low overhead results in high performance low-level speed from a high-level tool." (Say what?) Linda is definitely low speed, that's for sure.
		The Yale Group's "Linda Coordination Language" might be useful in understanding "Linda's Log," which seems to be in Dutch.
		One of Linda's more nautical hobbies is represented by the Linda's Lighthouse page.
	home.uchicago.edu /~ahbivens/linda_in_www.html (445 words)

	Chapter 2 - Basic Paradigms
		A coordination framework is the organizing strategy for a parallel program—the part of the program for which you rely in a coordination language.
		A coordination language is a language, but one that embodies a coordination model only.
		The best-known of message passing languages is Hoare's influential fragment CSP [Hoa78], which inspired a complete language called occam [May83].
	www.lindaspaces.com /book/chap2.htm (8095 words)

	Ethnologue: Bibliography of Ethnologue Data Sources
		Grjunberg, A. The language of the northern Azerbaijan Tats.
		Linguistic bibliography of the non-Semitic languages of Ethiopia.
		The languages and dialects of the Southwest Province of Cameroon.
	www.ethnologue.com /ethno_docs/bibliography.asp (7065 words)

	The York Linda Team - Publications
		Linda is a parallel and distributed coordination language, which supports generative communication via interaction with tuples in tuple spaces, which is an ideal representation for cases and case bases, respectively.
		Linda is a generative communication coordination language, providing communication via tuple spaces (bags of tuples), where tuples may be read/removed from tuple spaces and inserted into them.
		Linda is a coordination language using generative communication via tuple spaces, which are global associative memories consisting of bags (or multi-sets) or tuples.
	www.cs.york.ac.uk /linda/pubs.html (3729 words)

	Forth-Linda
		Linda is a coordination language that can be combined with a standard computational programming language to provide multiprocessor coordination and communication using a tuple space model.
		Linda was conceived by Dave Gelernter as a graduate student at the State University of New York at Stonybrook in 1982.
		Linda normally specifies tuples in the form (f1,...,fn) where the tuple is contained within parentheses and the fields are separated by commas.
	www.ultratechnology.com /4thlinda.html (2280 words)

	Redesigning the Web: From Passive Pages to Coordinated Agents in PageSpaces
		Amongst the various approaches to solve this coordination problem, is one line of research called coordination technology that is based on the concepts introduced by the language Linda ([CG89b]).
		The main purpose of it is to pass invocations of the coordination primitives on to the Epsilon kernel.
		Each such repository implements the specific operations of a coordination language with a specific matching routine, thus is may be optimized, but still is based on the management of a pool of elements of some type.
	flp.cs.tu-berlin.de /pagespc/isads97/isads97.html (4944 words)

	`WWW MEETS LINDA'' Linda for global WWW-based transaction processing systems
		Linda was originally developed by D. Gelernter [9] and has already prooved its usefulness for writing parallel programs [1][3][7][21].
		In these applications, we have learned that the Linda coordination language is a very powerful tool to coordinate several clients and the resulting client programs are considerably smaller than programs using a classical approach described in [8, p.183ff,].
		Linda is responsible for the coordination and synchronization of the application, whereas the CGI-script is only responsible for input/output processing.
	www.w3.org /Conferences/WWW4/Papers/174 (5641 words)

	IBM Research \| Israel \| Seminars \| On What Linda Is: a Formal Description of Linda as a Reactive System
		Linda is a coordination language - it's the glue that allows modules expressed in ordinary "computation" languages to be cemented into parallel programs.
		The term "coordination language" is seeing increasingly general use to designate a variety of parallel environments, but we introduce it specifically to designate systems that were supported by compilers - to designate languages, in other words, and not mere communication libraries.
		Linda's clarity, simplicity and power suggest that specifications in Linda would be relatively simple to build and understand - and of course they could easily be executable, if that were desirable.
	domino.watson.ibm.com /comm/wwwr_seminar.nsf/pages/sem_abstract_79.html (273 words)

	Parallel Programming Environments
		Coordination models are usually combined with well-known sequential languages, so they have been very successful at attracting programmers.
		Its author describes Haskell as a para-functional language to convey that it is an extension of a pure functional language and that it includes constructs to represent explicit parallelism.
		Sather: An object-oriented language with parameterized classes, object-oriented dispatch, statically-checked strong typing, separate implementation and type inheritance, multiple inheritance, garbage collection, iteration abstraction, higher-order routines and iters, exception handling, assertions, preconditions, postconditions, and class invariants.
	www.cise.ufl.edu /research/ParallelPatterns/PatternLanguage/Background/ProgEnvs.htm (4446 words)

	Design and Implementation of an XSL-T and XML-based Workflow System
		Coordination steps are used to coordinate the flow of basic steps within workflow instances, refer to Figure 3 for examples of split and join coordination steps.
		This graph shows how coordination steps (here a "split" and a "join" step at the beginning and end of the workflow) and user as well as external steps ("Think" and "Answer") can be used to model the workflow of homework in a school-like environment.
		From the WPDL the Workspaces Coordination Language (WSCL) DTD was derived for the Workspaces model.
	www.gca.org /papers/xmleurope2001/papers/html/s06-3.html (3070 words)

	[No title]
		Coordination mechanisms are infrastructures of central interest used in designing distributed and concurrent services.
		The aforementioned variety of problems in the coordination of Web agents is reflected by the broad range of scope for the articles included in the present special issue.
		The new infrastructure is based on the LINDA coordination model, and adds a layer of abstraction over the absolute location of resources.
	www.multiagent.com /news/jaamas2.3.txt (1175 words)

	A Distributed Implementation of the C-Linda Programming Language
		The C-Linda programming language is the combination of the C and the Linda languages.
		Linda, developed by Professor David Gelernter (Yale University), is a coordination language.
		Thus, unlike with many other modern parallel languages, the Linda programmer does not need to learn an entirely new computational language, but rather only needs to learn the Linda primitives for adding concurrency to the language that the programmer is most familiar with.
	www.cs.oberlin.edu /~jbasney/honors/thesis.html (3005 words)

	Computer Science at Yale
		Such work is designed to lift some of the burden of understanding complex distributed systems from the shoulders of distributed system designers by letting the compiler or run-time libraries handle issues of scheduling and communication.
		David Gelernter’s work on developing the Linda coordination language and related tools is an example of using distributed system techniques to support parallel programming.
		Linda provides a virtual "tuple space" through which processes can communicate without regard to location.
	www.cs.yale.edu /research/computing.html (471 words)

	Tuple space based coordination languages; beyond Linda (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		My interests have covered the studying of the limitation of existing tuple space based languages, the development of new tuple space based coordination languages and primitives to overcome these limitations, the development of run-time systems that support tuple space based languages, and the development of alternative techniques to provide support for open tuple space languages.
		The language provided primitives to check if a result was available and to block until a result tuple is available.
		I have never been keen on using transactions in a tuple space coordination languages because they alter the semantics of the primitives being performed inside the transaction and WCL did not provide them.
	research.microsoft.com /~antr/coord.htm (1828 words)

	T Spaces
		Laura[19] is a language that provides a coordination mechanism for "open distributed computing," which is defined to be those systems that are "dynamically composed from nondedicated hardware and software components." They use Tuplespace as a brokering mechanism for service providers and clients.
		Persistent Linda (PLinda) [25] was the first project to add database functionality, including transactions and a simple query and join engine, to Linda.
		The Tuplespace concept was originally proposed by Gelernter in [References 27 and 29] as part of the Linda coordination language.
	www.research.ibm.com /journal/sj/373/wyckoff.html (10059 words)

	fridgebuzz: Coordination in a Content-Addressable Web
		While thinking about the differences between the Web and Linda (or REST and generative communication, if you prefer), I found this paper (pdf) from 1999 in which the authors propose replacing the current web architecture with a new one based on a Linda-like coordination language.
		Due to its content-addressable nature, Linda allows search-engine functionality to be baked in to the infrastructure.
		The views expressed herein are solely the author's and do not reflect the opinions of any organization with which she is affiliated.
	www.fridgebuzz.com /2004/04/coordination-in-content-addressable.html (542 words)

	The Algorithm Structure Design Space in Parallel Programming > THE EVENT-BASED COORDINATION PATTERN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		In the Event-Based Coordination pattern, in contrast, there is no restriction to a linear structure, no restriction that the flow of data be one-way, and the interaction takes place at irregular and sometimes unpredictable intervals.
		Linda [CG91] is a simple language consisting of only six operations that read and write an associative (that is, content-addressable) shared memory called a tuple space.
		This pattern is similar to the Pipeline pattern in that both patterns apply to problems in which it is natural to decompose the computation into a collection of semi-independent entities interacting in terms of a flow of data.
	www.informit.com /articles/article.asp?p=366887&seqNum=9 (2271 words)

	Glossary
		A parallel programming language in which the programmer fully defines the concurrency and how it will be exploited in a parallel computation.
		A parallel programming language in which the details of what can execute concurrently and how that concurrency is implemented is left to the compiler.
		The Linda language is small, with only a handful of primitives to insert tuples, remove tuples, and fetch a copy of a tuple.
	www.cise.ufl.edu /research/ParallelPatterns/glossary.htm (5022 words)

	Cover Pages: Tuple Spaces and XML Spaces
		It is somewhat similar to the C-Linda language; it uses the notion of "tuple space" to simplify the interactions among processes.
		From "Tuple space base coordination languages: beyond Linda." "I have been interested in tuple space based coordination languages for the last 6 years (as in Linda).
		In addition, coordination in XMARS is made more flexible and secure by the capability of programming the behaviour of the coordination media in reaction to the agents' accesses.
	xml.coverpages.org /tupleSpaces.html (5000 words)

	ESEC/FSE Workshop on Mobility and Network Aware Computing
		We take a specific approach to coordinate agents in PageSpace, namely variants of coordination language Linda that support rules and services to guide their cooperation.
		Coordination technology is integrated with the standard Web technology and the programming language Java.
		The language consists of a core Linda language with multiple tuple spaces and of a set of operators for building processes.
	www.cs.wustl.edu /~roman/ESEC/wkshp.html (2616 words)

	WSMX Triple-Space Computing
		TSpaces is a Java-based intermediary built upon the Linda coordination model with added middleware extensions developed by IBM at the Almaden Research Centre [Wyckoff, 1998].
		The management module will coordinate all the reading and writing requests received; will dispatch the request to the appropriate functional module (data module or query module); will monitor the appropriate execution of the rest of the elements of the system; and will periodically check the coherence of the information stored in the space.
		Linda has four essential functions to access modify and delete tuples in the TS, which may be implemented in any programming language to form a Linda dialect of that language.
	www.wsmo.org /TR/d21/v0.1 (11587 words)

	RestWiki: Coordination Language
		A CoordinationLanguage is a language defined specifically to allow two or more parties (components) to communicate for the purpose of coordinating operations to accomplish some shared goal.
		TCP is a coordination language, with "methods" (SYN, FIN, RST, etc..), it just coordinates a lower layer task; a point-to-point full duplex bytestream connection.
		JB: While there may be coordination languages that do not depend on manipulating external resources in a shared space, many (including the prototypical one, Linda) do.
	rest.blueoxen.net /cgi-bin/wiki.pl?CoordinationLanguage (175 words)

	FT Languages Home Page
		FT-SR is unique in that it has been designed to support equally well any of the programming paradigms that have been developed for fault-tolerant distributed systems, including the object/action model, the restartable action paradigm, and the replicated state machine approach.
		Specific language features include provisions for encapsulation based on SR resources, resource replication, recovery protocols, synchronous failure notification when performing interprocess communication, and a mechanism for asynchronous failure notification.
		This model offers several advantages when compared with imperative languages, including a declarative style, separation of semantic and syntactic definitions, and the simplicity of a functional foundation.
	www.cs.arizona.edu /projects/ftol/languages (415 words)

	linda - definition by dict.die.net
		Linda A "coordination language" from Yale, providing a model for concurrency with communication via a shared tuple space.
		Linda is usually implemented as a subroutine library for a specific base language, as in C-Linda, Fortran-Linda, LindaLISP and Prolog-Linda.
		There is a Multi-BinProlog Linda implementation available by ftp://clement.info.umoncton.ca/.
	dict.die.net /linda (116 words)

	JavaSpaces Principles, Patterns, and Practice
		The Java programming language is arguably the most popular programming language in computing history--never before has a language so quickly achieved widespread use among computing professionals, students, and hobbyists worldwide.
		The Java programming language owes its success in part to its clean syntax, object-oriented nature, and platform independence, but also to its unique position as the first general programming language expressly designed to work over networks, in particular the Internet.
		Without coordinated access to a shared resource--in this case, the counter--there would be no way to ensure that only one process at a time has access to it, and processes could inadvertently corrupt it by overwriting each other's changes.
	java.sun.com /developer/Books/JavaSpaces/introduction.html (6529 words)

	Notes about the Java Programming Language
		CORBA objects can be written in any programming language for which there is a mapping from OMG IDL to that language.
		Since Servlets are written in the highly portable Java language and follow a standard framework, they provide a means to create sophisticated server extensions in a way that independent of the server and of the operating system.
		This space-based model of distributed computing has its roots in the Linda coordination language developed by Dr. David Gelernter at Yale University.
	cs.fit.edu /~ryan/java/language (817 words)

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