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	Linda B. Buck, Ph.D.
		Linda Buck studies exactly how odor molecules in the environment are detected by specialized receptors in the nose and then translated by the brain into specific smells.
		Buck then used the odor receptor genes as tools to unravel how the identities of different odors are encoded at the molecular level and in the brain to produce the perception of distinct odors.
		Buck continues to be fascinated by the inner workings of the olfactory system, an enthusiasm she hopes to convey to the graduate students and postdoctoral fellows in her lab.
	www.hhmi.org /research/investigators/buck_bio.html (521 words)

	Buck, Linda B. - Search View - MSN Encarta
		Linda Buck, born in 1947, American neuroscientist and cowinner of the 2004 Nobel Prize in medicine or physiology for discoveries that helped explain, at a molecular level, the processes involved in the sense of smell.
		After six years of false starts and failure, Buck and Axel succeeded in identifying a particular family of odor-sensing proteins—the so-called “odorant receptors.” A receptor is a structure on the surface of a cell that allows it to admit or bind with outside substances.
		Buck, in particular, has studied how the brain characterizes chemicals known as pheromones, which are associated with mating and other behaviors in a variety of animal species.
	encarta.msn.com /text_701703558__1/Buck_Linda_B.html (721 words)

	The Seattle Times: Local News: Hutch scientist unlocked secret to sense of smell
		Buck said she was fortunate to have excellent mentors in research, including Dr. Ellen Vitetta, now director of the Cancer Immunobiology Center at University of Texas Southwestern.
		Buck said her lab and Axel's lab, working independently, made a discovery: When information about a smell goes from receptors in the nose to the olfactory bulb in the brain, and then to the olfactory cortex in the brain, there is a different organization or "map" at each level.
		Buck, who recalled a period "filled with angst" in her 20s as she tried to figure out what to do with her life, said she feels extremely lucky to be a scientist.
	seattletimes.nwsource.com /html/localnews/2002054234_nobel05m.html (1459 words)

	Linda Buck-Nobel Prize
		Linda Buck set out to understand the sense of smell, a monumental scientific question that had long evaded explanation.
		Through years of intensive research, Buck became the first to identify a family of genes that control the olfactory system, a complex network that governs our sense of smell.
		Buck determined that each odor-sensing cell in the nose possesses only one type of odorant receptor, and each receptor can detect a limited number of odorant substances.
	www.fhcrc.org /research/nobel/buck (403 words)

	Scientist at Fred Hutch wins Nobel
		Linda Buck listens as Mark Groudine, the head of her division, explains how he learned, and passed along, the news she had won the Nobel Prize.
		Buck double-majored in psychology and microbiology at the UW, before pursuing her doctorate in immunology at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas.
		Buck and Axel mapped how the signal travels from individual receptors on millions of nerve cells in the nose to various regions of the brain, allowing people to tell the difference between the smell of fresh-cut grass, say, and that of putrefying garbage.
	seattlepi.nwsource.com /local/193773_nobel05.html (1795 words)

	HHMI: Nobel Laureates - Linda Buck
		Buck's seminal contribution to the science of smell began with the discovery of a family of some 1,000 genes responsible for producing protein receptors on key cells on the wall of the nasal cavity - work that she did in the laboratory of HHMI investigator Richard Axel at Columbia University as an advanced postdoctoral fellow.
		Buck's further exploration into the organization of the olfactory system revealed that the nerves that carry information from a specific type of odorant receptors from the olfactory bulb to the olfactory cortex deliver their signals to defined regions - but the map there is organized differently than that of the olfactory bulb.
		Since moving to the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in 2002, Buck has gone on to map the patterns of activity in the olfactory cortex region of the brain that are associated with specific scents.
	www.hhmi.org /research/nobel/buck.html (1000 words)

	Linda Buck och doftmolekylerna - Vetenskap - UR (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Linda Buck studerade människans luktsinne i 15 år, och upptäckte bland annat hur recptorcellerna i näsan fungerar för att skilja olika lukter.
		En dag råkade hon läsa en artikel om hur luktsinnet kan upptäcka och minnas kanske 10 000 olika dofter från kemiska ämnen.
		Linda Buck och Richard Axel delade 2004 års nobelpris.
	www.ur.se /vetenskap/templates/Page____23918.aspx (653 words)

	Linda Buck Perl Award
		Linda Buck, a member of the basic sciences division at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, is co-recipient of the third annual Perl/University of North Carolina Neuroscience Prize.
		Buck, who is also a UW affiliate professor of physiology and biophysics and investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), and Richard Axel, professor at Columbia University and HHMI investigator, will receive the award for their discovery of the family of olfactory receptor proteins.
		Buck earlier discovered the genes containing the blueprints for olfactory receptors, work she began while a postdoctoral fellow in Axel's laboratory at Columbia.
	depts.washington.edu /mednews/vol7/no09/buck.html (198 words)

	Neuroscience for Kids -Smelly Research Equals Nobel Prize
		Linda Buck, PhD, a professor at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (Seattle, WA) each received a wake-up call on October 4, 2004.
		Buck is expanding her research on odorant receptors to other types of receptors, such as those involved in bitter tastes, sweet tastes and pheromones.
		Linda Buck is the 11th woman to receive a Nobel Prize in sciences in the 103 years the prizes have been awarded.
	faculty.washington.edu /chudler/nobel04.html (1190 words)

	December 2004 Columns Magazine: A Nose for Science: Buck, '75, Wins Nobel for Decoding Genetics of Smell
		Buck and Axel's work is a landmark achievement in the study of the nervous system.
		A Seattle native, Buck, 57, majored in psychology and microbiology as a UW undergraduate.
		Buck says she may have inherited some of her scientific drive from both parents.
	www.washington.edu /alumni/columns/dec04/briefings_buck.html (829 words)

	University of Washington \| Best & Brightest 2006 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Curiosity may have killed the cat, but it helped Linda Buck become an outstanding scientist — so outstanding that she was named the co-winner of the 2004 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
		Buck estimates she worked 15 hours a day for two and a half years on the project.
		After that publication, Buck became a professor at Harvard, where she remained until she was recruited to join the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in 2002.
	uwnews.org /uweek/Awards2006/p/profile.aspx?id=24784 (325 words)

	NIH Record-2-09-99--Buck To Give Director's Lecture
		Dr. Linda Buck, recognized for her pioneering work on the molecular basis of odor perception, will present the NIH Director's Lecture on Wednesday, Feb. 17, at 3 p.m.
		Buck received B.S. degrees in microbiology and psychology from the University of Washington, a Ph.D. in immunology from the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas, and did postdoctoral research at Columbia University.
		Buck has also served as a member of both the programs advisory committee and the integrated planning and policy working group of the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders.
	www.nih.gov /news/NIH-Record/02_09_99/story04.htm (466 words)

	BUCK, LINDA B. - CIRS
		Linda Buck is one of the world’s leading researchers on sensory perception.
		One of Buck’s key discoveries was that perception of smell relies on a combinatorial code requiring multiple receptors to sense a particular odor.
		Buck L, Stein R, Palazzolo M, Anderson DJ, Axel R. Gene expression and the diversity of identified neurons.
	www.cirs.net /investigadores/investigadores.php?id=666 (706 words)

	Profile
		Buck LB (March 2000) The molecular architecture of odor and pheromone sensing in mammals, Cell, 100 (6), 611-8
		Berghard A, Buck LB (February 1996) Sensory transduction in vomeronasal neurons: evidence for G alpha o, G alpha i2, and adenylyl cyclase II as major components of a pheromone signaling cascade, The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience.
		Hynes MA, Gitt M, Barondes SH, Jessell TM, Buck LB (March 1990) Selective expression of an endogenous lactose-binding lectin gene in subsets of central and peripheral neurons, The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience.
	myprofile.cos.com /lbuck (1461 words)

	EMF News: Nobel Prize Awarded to Linda Buck (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Linda B. Buck of the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center will share the 2004 Nobel Prize in Medicine with Richard Axel of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
		Their independent work on the basic biology of the sense of smell led to identification of genes responsible for specific odor receptor proteins and the pathways of olfactory messages between the nose and the brain.
		Buck is in her final year as an Ellison Medical Foundation Senior Scholar in Aging and has been doing research to screen large chemical libraries for compounds that extend lifespan in C.
	www.ellisonfoundation.org /news_detail.jsp?id=67 (148 words)

	Linda B. Buck - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		By analyzing rat DNA, they estimated that there were approximately one thousand different genes for olfactory receptors in the mammalian genome.
		This research opened the door to the genetic and molecular analysis of the mechanisms of olfaction.
		Buck L, Axel R. A novel multigene family may encode odorant receptors: a molecular basis for odor recognition.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Linda_B._Buck (374 words)

	UT Southwestern Graduate Wins Nobel Prize in Medicine
		Buck, a professor at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle, shares the Nobel Prize with Dr. Richard Axel of Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons for their work in understanding the sense of smell.
		Buck also has developed novel techniques for visualizing the pathway that a smell takes from the nose to the brain.
		Melanie Cobb, dean of the graduate school and holder of the Rolf Haberecht and Ute Schwarz Haberecht Deanship of the UT Southwestern Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, in Honor of Olga and Max Haberecht and Anna and Hans Schwarz, and the Jane and Bill Browning Jr.
	www.utsouthwestern.edu /utsw/cda/dept37389/files/190010.html (760 words)

	Trouble Comes to Watsonville (2 of 2)
		Linda turned and looked back at the pair, "We'll walk from here and lead the horses." The first scout was gesturing for them to follow him.
		Linda told her grandfather that there were not enough of them to fight off the Gang and that she was now wounded and would not be able to fight.
		Linda's arm was out of the sling, but she still had to take it easy.
	www.blackraptor.net /m7fic-29/watsonville2.htm (8105 words)

	Awards, A&S Perspectives newsletter, Autumn04
		Linda Buck, a scientist at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and alumna of the UW College of Arts and Sciences, was named winner of the 2004 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine in October.
		Buck graduated from the UW with a B.S. in psychology and microbiology in 1975.
		Buck was a senior postdoc in Axel’s laboratory when she disclosed the nature of the olfactory receptors.
	www.artsci.washington.edu /newsletter/Autumn04/Awards.htm (1465 words)

	Harvard Gazette: Former HMS researcher, faculty member Buck wins Nobel
		Faculty member and researcher in the Harvard Medical School (HMS) from 1991 until 2002, Linda Buck is this years co-winner of the 2004 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (along with Richard Axel of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute).
		Buck, who was in HMSs Department of Neurobiology, won the Nobel for discoveries in odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system.
		Buck, who was in HMS's Department of Neurobiology, won the Nobel for discoveries in "odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system." Since 2002 she has been a full member in the Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle.
	www.news.harvard.edu /gazette/2004/10.07/05-nobel.html (220 words)

	USATODAY.com - Pair probing mystery of smell split Nobel Prize (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Richard Axel, 58, of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute at Columbia University in New York and Linda Buck, 57, of the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle, split the $1.36 million prize for their "pioneering" solution to the neurochemical riddle of how people discern individual odors.
		In their subsequent, separate research, Buck and Axel showed how the nasal cells are organized and how the brain weaves individual signals from these cells into patterns that we recognize as distinct odors.
		Buck compared the system to the alphabet, in which 26 letters can combine to form countless words.
	www.usatoday.com /news/nation/2004-10-04-nobel-prize_x.htm (808 words)

	SignOnSanDiego.com > News > Science -- Two Americans win Nobel for studies of sense of smell
		American researchers Richard Axel and Linda Buck share the 2004 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine for their work on the sense of smell.
		Buck told The Associated Press she did not know she was under consideration.
		The assembly said it's still unclear what the medical and scientific implications of their discoveries will be, but that the work could affect areas as diverse as psychology –; to explain why scents often remind us of childhood – and cooking, as scent and taste are deeply connected.
	www.signonsandiego.com /news/science/20041004-0605-nobelprizes.html (824 words)

	HHMI News: Richard Axel and Linda Buck Awarded 2004 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Axel and Buck discovered a large gene family, comprised of some 1,000 different genes (three per cent of human genes) that give rise to an equivalent number of olfactory receptor types.
		Finally, Buck came up with what Axel calls "an extremely clever twist." She made three assumptions that drastically narrowed the field, allowing her to zero in on a group of genes that appear to code for the odorant receptor proteins.
		Buck recalls that "I had tried so many things and had been working so hard for years, with nothing to show for it.
	www.dafml.unito.it /neurobiologia/2004nobel.html (931 words)

	Columbia University scientist wins 2004 Nobel Prize
		Dr. Buck was a postdoctoral fellow at Columbia when she and Dr. Axel jointly published the fundamental paper on the subject in 1991.
		Axel and Buck join a group of 70 notable Columbians whose work has been recognized by the Nobel Foundation, including 19 in the category of physiology or medicine.
		Axel and Buck determined how neurons converge in the olfactory bulb, which gave them further insights into how smell is processed in the brain.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2004-10/cuco-cus100404.php (850 words)

	The Scientist : Olfactory research wins Nobel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Richard Axel, of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute at Columbia University, NY, and Linda B. Buck from Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle, Wash., have been awarded the 2004 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
		The Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet said the two researchers were being recognized for their discovery of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system.
		Buck, R. Axel, "A novel multigene family may encode odorant receptors: a molecular basis for odor recognition," Cell, 65:175-87, April 5, 1991.
	www.the-scientist.com /article/display/22434 (556 words)

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